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Summary
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar/different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Judiciously applied (i.e. selecting a suitable crop) crop rotation can improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. In turn this can reduce erosion and increase infiltration capacity, thereby reducing downstream flood risk. It gives various benefits to the soil. A traditional element of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop rotation also mitigates the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped. However, as crop rotation has been traditionally practiced for agronomic reasons rather than to achieve environmental and water objectives, new practices may be required to ensure water retention benefits can be achieved. Some crops such as potatoes carry greater risks of erosion due to formation of ridges and the greater area of bare soil (see for example: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/5925127770341376). Crop rotation can be used in combination with other measures when these are compatible with crop choice.
http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/5925127770341376Benefits
Ecosystem service
Level | Benefits | |
---|---|---|
Medium | Regulatory and maintenance | ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge |
Medium | Regulatory and maintenance | ES9 - Filtration of pollutants |
Medium | Cultural | ES11 - Aesthetic/cultural value |
Low | Regulatory and maintenance | ES4 - Biodiversity preservation |
Low | Regulatory and maintenance | ES7 - Flood risk reduction |
Low | Regulatory and maintenance | ES8 - Erosion/sediment control |
Biophysical impacts
Level | Benefits | ||
---|---|---|---|
High | Biophysical Impacts Resulting from Water Retention | Reducing pollution | BP9 - Intercept pollution pathways |
High | Biophysical Impacts Resulting from Water Retention | Soil conservation | BP11 - Improve soils |
Medium | Mechanism of Water Retention | Slowing and reducing runoff | BP2 - Slow runoff |
Medium | Mechanism of Water Retention | Reducing runoff | BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge |
Medium | Mechanism of Water Retention | Reducing runoff | BP7 - Increase soil water retention |
Medium | Biophysical Impacts Resulting from Water Retention | Reducing pollution | BP8 - Reduce pollutant sources |
Medium | Biophysical Impacts Resulting from Water Retention | Climate alteration | BP17 - Absorb and/or retain CO2 |
Low | Biophysical Impacts Resulting from Water Retention | Soil conservation | BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery |
Policy Objectives
Level | Benefits |
---|---|
Medium | PO2 - Improving status of physico-chemical quality elements |
Medium | PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration |
Medium | PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure |
Medium | PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry |
Low | PO4 - Improving chemical status and priority substances |
Low | PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks |