The aim of the measure is to prevent or reduce possible negative environmental impacts to marine ecosystems caused by offshore infrastructure developments; including fish farms (e.g. non-indigenous species; ecological and genetical impacts to local fish communities; introduction of antibiotics; other pharmaceuticals and hazardous substances; implementing HELCOM recommendation 37/3). As for the blue economy development projects, there are no minimum EIA requirements and there is also no standard for monitoring during operational phase. As these are mostly maritime areas for which the existing information is extremely patchy, it is not possible to rely only on the existing information. Within the measure, EIA minimum requirements for development projects (description of the necessary information to conduct an EIA) and an EIA-SAE ex-post assessment system will be prepared. Preparing guidance document (standard) for monitoring during the operational phase of blue economy projects.

The aim of the measure is to ensure that all the Estonian national regulations are up to date for implementing international, EU and regional measures. Activities: All needs to supplement regulations related to the implementation of updated BSAP will be thoroughly reviewed, updated and enforced.

The aim of the measure is to ensure Estonia's participation in international cooperation in the field of marine environmental protection within the frameworks of HELCOM, IMO, EU, etc. Activities: Participating in international cooperation in the field of marine environmental protection within the framework of HELCOM, IMO, EU, etc. For example participating in implementing HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) measures or activities, HELCOM recommendations and HELCOM Science Agenda.

The aim of the measure is to inform and involve stakeholders, other target groups and wider public in marine environment protection activities. Specific actions will be planned during the work. The initial focus will be on the areas of wastewater/sewage water, plastic waste, hazardous substances and pharmaceutical residues.

The aim of the measure is to prevent and reduce the pollution loads by discharges of sewage from ships and cleaning the ships at sea. The focus is on the regulation and preparation of guidelines for ship waste disposal and cleaning of the ships at sea. Activities: - Determining the volumes of discharges of sewage from ships to the port reception facilities and to the sea, assessing the environmental impact of the pollution from ships at sea and developing of requirements and guidelines for waste disposal at sea; - Development of guidelines and requirements for cleaning ships at sea; - Assessing the environmental impact of the activities carried out in the anchor areas and, if necessary, establishing additional restrictions; - Develop and facilitate implementation of feasible and effective economic incentives to reduce pollution from ships, taking into account HELCOM Recommendation 28E/13 as amended on 19 June 2019. - supplement existing regulations or, if necessary, develop new regulations with requirements for waste disposal at sea, ship cleaning and other activities carried out in anchoring areas.

The aim of the measure is to improve the collection and management of environmental and anthropogenic pressure data, to provide more adequate data for environmental- and status assessments, to ensure better availability of environmental information and ease the use of databases. Activities: - IT developments in updating databases; - Developing relevant environmental information services (spatial information, status, data) for the general public (environmental portals, etc.) and for joint use of data with competent national institutions, universities and the private sector; - Development of methodologies and models for assessing the status of marine environment, including increasing the role of remote sensing in status assessments; - Participation in international cooperation projects (HELCOM, ICES, EEA, JRC, CMEMS, EOOS, etc.) to improve data exchange and management and to develop relevant data exchange services; - Formulating proposals for the legislation changes to improve data exchange; increasing awareness and knowledge of the interest groups and promote the involvement of citizen science.

The aim of the measure is to prevent litter from reaching the sea and to reduce the waste load in port areas and their vicinity. Information and litter collection campaigns raises the awareness of wider public to increase the efficiency of waste management. In port areas and their vicinity the following activities will be conducted: 1) information campaign on waste and its negative impacts on the environment; 2) litter collection campaigns of the beach areas; 3) macro-litter collection campaigns of the seabed.

Organizing waste management in flood risk areas in a way that during floods the collected waste would not get into the water. Currently litter collection and waste management in flood areas do not take into account the risk of litter and waste reaching the sea. 1) Developing guidelines and requirements to prevent collected litter from reaching the sea during flood events. 2) Taking special closable trash containers into use in flood risk areas. 3) Securing waste collection sites against flooding. Different options will be analyzed and proposed to reduce the spread of litter from bathing beaches and other beach areas, including the requirement to use closable trash cans on public beaches and beach recreation areas (promenades etc). Proposing and implementing additions to regulations or rules to reduce the amounts of waste, for example: 1) The ban on the release of large quantities of balloons and lanterns (>50 balloons/lanterns) will be added to the rules of maintenance in local municipalities. 2) The ban on the use of plastic dishes (in addition to single-use plastic dishes) in beach trade will be added to the rules of maintenance in local municipalities situated near the coast.

Applying technologies in wastewater treatment (including stormwater) to reduce the amounts of microplastics incl: 1) Introducing the best available techniques; 2) Establishing the goals of applying the technologies (efficiency, setting the treatment requirements based on the amount of waste- or stormwater etc.). Developing financial mechanisms to support applying best available techniques.

Analysing the best available techniques to reduce the amount of tire debris. Development and implementation of the corresponding regional (HELCOM, EU) recommendation or regulation. Supplementing tire labelling rules with a wear indicator. Promoting methodologies to reduce the formation of tire debris, including promoting to not use tires with a poor wear coefficient (for example, <300).

Construction or upgrades of wastewater treatment plants

Measures to prevent or control the input of pollution from urban areas, transport and built infrastructure