Member State report / Art11 / 2020 / D3 / Estonia / Baltic Sea
Report type | Member State report to Commission |
MSFD Article | Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates) |
Report due | 2020-10-15 |
GES Descriptor | D3 Commercial fish and shellfish |
Member State | Estonia |
Region/subregion | Baltic Sea |
Reported by | Estonian Environment Agency |
Report date | 2020-11-11 |
Report access |
Descriptor |
D3 |
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Monitoring strategy description |
The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD3 – Commercially exploited fish" is to assess the status of main commercial fish species in the sea areas of Estonia. The strategy aims to contribute to the assessment of the fishing mortality, status of spawning stock biomass and size and age structure of monitored stocks. The monitored fish stocks include pelagic Baltic herring (two stocks) and sprat stocks, economically significant coastal fish species (perch, flounder, pikeperch) and Atlantic salmon is used as an indicator species for migratory (anadromous) fishes.
The monitoring is undertaken under the "Coastal fish" and "Off-shore fish" monitoring programmes. The data on human activities that potentially affect fish stocks are collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. An additional data indirectly contributing to the strategy is gathered from several monitoring programmes as "Non-indigenous species – harbours and adjacent regions", "Inputs of nutrients and contaminants – land-based sources", "Contaminant levels – in sediment", "Contaminant levels – in water", "Oil spills", "Macrolitter", "Litter micro-particles", "Impulsive underwater noise" and "Continuous underwater noise". |
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Coverage of GES criteria |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
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Gaps and plans |
There are no evident gaps or shortcomings in the commercially exploited fish monitoring strategy. |
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Related targets |
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Coverage of targets |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
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Related measures |
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Coverage of measures |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
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Related monitoring programmes |
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Programme code |
BALEE-D00-40_MarineAndCoastalActivities |
BALEE-D010403-7_FishCoastal |
BALEE-D010403-8_FishOffshore |
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Programme name |
Marine and coastal activities |
Coastal fish |
Off-shore fish |
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Update type |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
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Old programme codes |
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Programme description |
The aim of the monitoring programme is to collect data on human activities that directly or indirectly impact the marine environment. The monitored human activities are those listed in the MSFD Annex III Table 2b (2017/845/EC) and relevant for point (c) of Article 8(1), and Articles 10 and 13. The following activities are covered: Coastal defence and flood protection; Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables); Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials; Extraction of minerals; Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure; Extraction of water; Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure; Transmission of electricity and communications (cables); Fish harvesting (professional, recreational); Fish and shellfish processing; Marine plant harvesting; Hunting and collecting for other purposes; Aquaculture — marine, including infrastructure; Transport infrastructure; Transport — shipping; Waste treatment and disposal; Tourism and leisure infrastructure; Tourism and leisure activities; Military operations and Research, survey and educational activities. Data are gathered at least once during a six-year assessment period, but in some cases also annually. The system of such data collection activities is still under development.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, marine plant harvesting, hunting and collecting); Activities extracting non-living resources (sand, gravel, dredging); Activities producing food (aquaculture); Activities with permanent infrastructures (e.g. renewable energy, oil & gas, ports) or structural changes (e.g. coastal defences); Sea-based mobile activities (shipping, boating); Coastal human activities (e.g. tourism, recreational sports, ecotourism).
The programme is the further development of the programme presented in 2014. The code of the programme also changed. |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the status of the coastal fish species and communities (Species composition of the group; Size, age and sex structure; fecundity, survival and mortality/injury rates; Habitat for the species (extent, suitability); Species abundance (numbers of individuals and/or biomass)). It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD1.4 Biodiversity – Fish”, „SD3–Commercially exploited fish“ and “SD4/SD1 Food webs / Biodiversity – ecosystems”, but also to “SD2– Non-indigenous species”. The program is regionally coordinated by HELCOM (partially also by ICES) and the HELCOM monitoring manual is followed. During the annual monitoring programme, all coastal fish species are included in the dataset, but special attention is directed towards economically significant or ecologically relevant key species (perch, flounder, pikeperch). Atlantic salmon is used as an indicator species for migratory (anadromous) fishes and is monitored in coastal waters and selected rivers (salmonid habitats). Monitoring of protected fish species under HD needs to be developed for the sea area as well.
The programme was modified from 2014 by adding migratory fishes that were as a separate sub-programme in 2014.
The programme corresponds to following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – distribution, abundance and/or biomass; Mobile species – population characteristics; Mobile species – mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental). |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the status of the commercially exploited pelagic fish species – sprat and herring in the offshore areas of the Estonian marine waters. The biomass and fishing mortality of stocks are assessed. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD1.4 Biodiversity – Fish” and „SD3-commercially exploited fish“. Monitoring is conducted annually. The program is regionally coordinated via ICES and the ICES monitoring manual is followed.
The programme corresponds to following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – distribution, abundance and/or biomass; Mobile species – mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental). |
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Monitoring purpose |
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Other policies and conventions |
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Regional cooperation - coordinating body |
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Regional cooperation - countries involved |
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Regional cooperation - implementation level |
Coordinated data collection |
Agreed data collection methods |
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Monitoring details |
Data on all coastal fish species are being collected annually in discrete monitoring areas within the national fisheries data collection programme (https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/kalandus/kalanduse-riiklik-andmekoguminen-programm-akp). |
For monitoring offshore fish species the hydro-acoustic surveys and scientific trawlings are carried out. In addition, ICES coordinated cruises (BIAS, BITS) are carried out and the data are submitted to the ICES database. |
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Features |
Aquaculture – marine, including infrastructure
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Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
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Hunting and collecting for other purposes
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Marine plant harvesting
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Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell)
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Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure
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Extraction of water
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Military operations (subject to Article 2(2))
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Transmission of electricity and communications (cables)
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Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure
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Research, survey and educational activities
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Coastal defence and flood protection
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Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables)
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Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials
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Tourism and leisure activities
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Tourism and leisure infrastructure
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Transport infrastructure
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Transport – shipping
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Waste treatment and disposal
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Input of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events
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Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter)
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Input of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition
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Input of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous)
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Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities)
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Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter)
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Coastal fish
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Demersal shelf fish
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Pelagic shelf fish
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Coastal fish
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Demersal shelf fish
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Pelagic shelf fish
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Coastal fish
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Demersal shelf fish
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Pelagic shelf fish
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Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
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Coastal ecosystems
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Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities)
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Pelagic shelf fish
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Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
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Elements |
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GES criteria |
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D1C2 |
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D1C2 |
D1C3 |
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D1C4 |
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D1C4 |
D3C1 |
D3C2 |
D3C3 |
D4C1 |
D4C2 |
D1C1 |
D1C2 |
D1C3 |
D3C1 |
D3C2 |
D3C3 |
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Parameters |
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Parameter Other |
Production (tonnes); Area; Nutrient load |
Catch; By-catch |
Number of individuals hunted by species (waterbird |
Amount (kg); Area |
Mining volume; Mining area; Area pressure index |
Pipe length (area); Area pressure index |
Volume |
Number of explosions; Number of trainings; Trainin |
Cable length (area); Area pressure index |
Area; Area pressure index |
Volume of costs on marine researches; Number of re |
Length of defence structure; Coastline pressure in |
Area of structure; Area pressure index |
Soil volume; Extent; Area pressure index |
Number of vacationists; Number of visits; People's |
Number of marinas per coastline; Length of beach |
Area; Volume (goods and passengers); Number of loa |
Number of ships (incl. number of ships complying w |
Areas of dumping sites and volume of dumped materi |
Pollution load (tonnes/year) - Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, |
Amount in sediments; Litter type and material |
Pollution load (tonnes/year) - N, P, BHT5 |
Number of disturbance days - Impulsive underwater |
Mass (catch weight per unit effort) |
Abundance index of European eel in monitoring catc |
Mass (catch weight per unit effort) |
Mass (catch weight per unit effort) |
Mass (catch weight per unit effort) |
Mass (catch weight per unit effort) |
Mass (catch mass per unit effort) |
Mass (catch mass per unit effort) |
Mass (catch mass per unit effort) |
Ratio between annual commercial catch and biomass |
Mass (commercial catch weight per unit effort) |
Age distribution |
Age distribution; Sex distribution |
Mass (commercial catch weight per unit effort) |
Sex distribution; Age distribution |
Species composition; Trophic level class of fish s |
Abundance of coastal fish key functional groups (C |
Age distribution |
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Spatial scope |
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Marine reporting units |
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Temporal scope (start date - end date) |
2015-9999 |
1975-9999 |
1992-9999 |
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Monitoring frequency |
Other |
Yearly |
Yearly |
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Monitoring type |
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Monitoring method |
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Monitoring method other |
There is no separate monitoring for the programme, the administrative data collection is performed and based on information from databases, maps, plans, environmental permits and their reporting and controls, etc. Estonian maritime spatial plan.
The frequency of monitoring depends on activity: from annually to once per the 6-year period. |
ICES WGBFAS |
The monitoring and assessment of the state of herring and sprat stocks are following the ICES WGBFAS methodology. Herring and sprat stocks and stock trends are assessed on the basis of the catches. Based on the collected material, biological analyses are performed and the age of the individuals is determined. |
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Quality control |
Data quality control systems of relevant data sources. |
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories are filled according to ISO/IEC 17025 and the recommendations of monitoring manuals are followed (HELCOM, ICES WGBFAS). |
ICES WGBFAS
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Data management |
The data are compiled from different databases of different institutions. The compilation and collection of data are coordinated by the Marine Environment Department of the Ministry of the Environment. |
Data are reported annually to the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Rural Affairs. The raw data are also stored in databases of Estonian Marine Institute at Tartu University. |
Data are reported annually to the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Rural Affairs. The raw data are also stored in databases of Estonian Marine Institute at Tartu University. |
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Data access |
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Related indicator/name |
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Contact |
Ministry of the Environment: Elo Rasmann (elo.rasmann@envir.ee);
University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute: Redik Eschbaum, redik.eschbaum@ut.ee, Lauri Saks, lauri.saks@ut.ee. |
Ministry of the Environment: Elo Rasmann (elo.rasmann@envir.ee);
University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute: Redik Eschbaum, redik.eschbaum@ut.ee, Lauri Saks, lauri.saks@ut.ee. |
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References |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |