D5C1 Nutrient concentrations (5.1, 5.1.1)

5.1.2 Nutrient ratios (silica, nitrogen and phosphorus)

D5C1 Nutrient concentrations (5.1, 5.1.1)

5.1.2 Nutrient ratios (silica, nitrogen and phosphorus)

D5C1 Nutrient concentrations (5.1, 5.1.1)

D5C2 Chlorophyll-a concentration (5.2.1)

D5C4 Photic limit (5.2.2)

D5C6 Opportunistic macroalgae of benthic habitats (5.2.3)

D5C3 Harmful algal blooms (5.2.4)

D5C5 Dissolved oxygen concentration (5.3.2)

D5C3 Harmful algal blooms (5.2.4)

D5C7 Macrophyte communities of benthic habitats (5.3.1)

D5C5 Dissolved oxygen concentration (5.3.2)

LevelPressureOverall

LevelPressureNLoad

LevelPressureNLoad

LevelPressureNConcentration

LevelPressurePLoad

LevelPressurePLoad

LevelPressurePConcentration

LevelPressureOLoad

LevelPressureOConcentration

ImpactPressureWaterColumn

ImpactPressureWaterColumn

ImpactPressureWaterColumn

ImpactPressureWaterColumn

ImpactPressureWaterColumn

ImpactPressureSeabedHabitats

ImpactPressureSeabedHabitats

ImpactPressureSeabedHabitats

NutrientsOrganicEnrichment5_1

NutrientsNitrogen5_1

NutrientsNitrogen5_1

NutrientsPhosphorus5_1

NutrientsPhosphorus5_1

NutrientsOrganicMatter5_1

NutrientsEnrichmentWaterColumn5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentWaterColumn5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentWaterColumn5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentWaterColumn5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentWaterColumn5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentSeabedHabitats5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentSeabedHabitats5_2or5_3

NutrientsEnrichmentSeabedHabitats5_2or5_3

MarineCoast, NutrientLevels, OxygenLevels, RedSalinity, Salinity, Transparency, Turbidity, VarSalinity

MarineCoast, NutrientLevels, OxygenLevels, RedSalinity, Salinity, Transparency, Turbidity, VarSalinity

MarineCoast, NutrientLevels, OxygenLevels, RedSalinity, Salinity, Transparency, Turbidity, VarSalinity

MarineCoast, NutrientLevels, OxygenLevels, RedSalinity, Salinity, Transparency, Turbidity, VarSalinity

MarineCoast, NutrientLevels, OxygenLevels, RedSalinity, Salinity, Transparency, Turbidity, VarSalinity

LitRock, LitSed, ShallCoarseSed, ShallMud, ShallMxdSed, ShallRock, ShallRock, ShallSand

LitRock, LitSed, ShallCoarseSed, ShallMud, ShallMxdSed, ShallRock, ShallRock, ShallSand

LitRock, LitSed, ShallCoarseSed, ShallMud, ShallMxdSed, ShallRock, ShallRock, ShallSand

To achieve GES, nutrients should be kept at moderate levels. Therefore, the suggested threshold values (limit reference points) are based on Karydis (1999) eutroficaton criteria. NO3 <1μM

To achieve GES, nutrients should be kept at moderate levels. Therefore, the suggested threshold values (limit reference points) are based on Karydis (1999) eutroficaton criteria. PO4 <0,5 Μm

To achieve GES, nutrients should be kept at moderate levels. Therefore, the suggested threshold values (limit reference points) are based on Karydis (1999) eutroficaton criteria. Chl-a<1.5μg/l

To achieve GES, water transparency should be over a certain threshold value ( reference points) : water transparency should be at least 5 m

There should be no occurrence of toxic algal blooms

There should be no occurrence of toxic algal blooms

There should be no occurrence of toxic algal blooms

There should be no occurrence of toxic algal blooms

5

5

5

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

Improving

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

The coastal waters of the assessment area are generally characterised as oligotrophic. However, in estuarine areas there is localised enrichment by nutrients and organic material as rivers carry agricultural runoff. As a result primary productivity increases which is possible to lead to algal blooms. In the open sea there is no evidence of eutrofication. The concentrations of nutrients in the upper part of the water column (0-50m) are lower than those in the deep sea waters. However, dissoved organic nitrogen (DON) exhibits the opposite trend.

Nitrogen input is attributed to agriculture, urban wastewater treatment, livestock farming, urban activiities and industrial waste from industry (e.g. food industry). Rivers play a major role in the transport of nutrients in the marine evironment

Nitrogen input is attributed to agriculture, urban wastewater treatment, livestock farming, urban activiities and industrial waste from industry (e.g. food industry). Rivers play a major role in the transport of nutrients in the marine evironment

The levels of nitrogen in the assessment area range from 0.03 to 5.32μmol N/l (NO3+NO2) in the water column . As a general trend the concentrations of Nitrogen in the open sea increase with depth. In the euphotic zone Nitrogen concentrations are lower than 1 μmol N/l in general. Amvrakikos Gulf is a hot spot in the area with eutrophic conditions. Part of the gulf presents hypoxic conditions throughout the year whereas anoxic conditions occur seasonally. Another hot spot is the Gulf of Patras which presents high levels of nutrients ( even >100 NO3 μmol N/l at times). As far as the temporal trend is concerned, winter exhibits comparatively higher concentrations than the summer ones, depending on dominating climatic conditions.

Phoshorus mainly derives from fertilisers, livestock farming, waste water treatment. Phosphorus is the limiting factor for phytoplakton growth in eastern Mesiterranean.

Phoshorus mainly derives from fertilisers, livestock farming, waste water treatment. Phosphorus is the limiting factor for phytoplakton growth in eastern Mesiterranean.

The levels of phosporus in the assessment area range from 0.0 to 0.24μmol P/l in the water column.The general trend is for the concentrations of Phosphorus to increase with depth. The surficial values are generally very low; <0,05μmol P/l. As far as the temporal trend is concerned, winter exhibits comparatively higher concentrations than the summer ones , depending on dominating climatic conditions.However, the Gulf of Patras presented high levels of phosphate (4.95μmol P/l).

Organic load mainly derives from waste water treatment plants and livestock farming,

The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the area ranged from 36 to 82 μmolC/l. Increased concentrations were found in the surface whereas the minimum values were measured in the deeper waters.

The quality status of the area is influenced by terrestrial inputs. The degree of such an impact can be estimated by the ratio between the surface area of the terrestrial watershed to that of the marine basin into which such discharges are emptied. For the Ionian Sea this ratio is the smallest, 0.37 (it is 0.55 for the whole Mediterranean). As a whole, the Ionian Sea is oligotrophic, well oxyganated. Chlorophyll concentration was 0.03- 0.18μg/l. The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 4.1-5.32ml/l and the minimum was in the deep waters (500-1000m). However, in Amvrakikos Gulf the dominant conditions below the surface layer are hypoxic/anoxic.

The quality status of the area is influenced by terrestrial inputs. The degree of such an impact can be estimated by the ratio between the surface area of the terrestrial watershed to that of the marine basin into which such discharges are emptied. For the Ionian Sea this ratio is the smallest, 0.37 (it is 0.55 for the whole Mediterranean). As a whole, the Ionian Sea is oligotrophic, well oxyganated. Chlorophyll concentration was 0.03- 0.18μg/l. The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 4.1-5.32ml/l and the minimum was in the deep waters (500-1000m). However, in Amvrakikos Gulf the dominant conditions below the surface layer are hypoxic/anoxic.

The quality status of the area is influenced by terrestrial inputs. The degree of such an impact can be estimated by the ratio between the surface area of the terrestrial watershed to that of the marine basin into which such discharges are emptied. For the Ionian Sea this ratio is the smallest, 0.37 (it is 0.55 for the whole Mediterranean). As a whole, the Ionian Sea is oligotrophic, well oxyganated. Chlorophyll concentration was 0.03- 0.18μg/l. The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 4.1-5.32ml/l and the minimum was in the deep waters (500-1000m). However, in Amvrakikos Gulf the dominant conditions below the surface layer are hypoxic/anoxic.

The quality status of the area is influenced by terrestrial inputs. The degree of such an impact can be estimated by the ratio between the surface area of the terrestrial watershed to that of the marine basin into which such discharges are emptied. For the Ionian Sea this ratio is the smallest, 0.37 (it is 0.55 for the whole Mediterranean). As a whole, the Ionian Sea is oligotrophic, well oxyganated. Chlorophyll concentration was 0.03- 0.18μg/l. The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 4.1-5.32ml/l and the minimum was in the deep waters (500-1000m). However, in Amvrakikos Gulf the dominant conditions below the surface layer are hypoxic/anoxic.

The quality status of the area is influenced by terrestrial inputs. The degree of such an impact can be estimated by the ratio between the surface area of the terrestrial watershed to that of the marine basin into which such discharges are emptied. For the Ionian Sea this ratio is the smallest, 0.37 (it is 0.55 for the whole Mediterranean). As a whole, the Ionian Sea is oligotrophic, well oxyganated. Chlorophyll concentration was 0.03- 0.18μg/l. The dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 4.1-5.32ml/l and the minimum was in the deep waters (500-1000m). However, in Amvrakikos Gulf the dominant conditions below the surface layer are hypoxic/anoxic.

The general state of the assessment area is good so the extent to which the ecosystem is affected is limited. Amvrakikos Gulf could only be mentioned as an area which is adversely impacted by nutrient enrichment, where there has been habitat loss on the seafloor over the last 20-30 years (about 50% of the total Gulf area), and partial elimination of benthic fauna.

The general state of the assessment area is good so the extent to which the ecosystem is affected is limited. Amvrakikos Gulf could only be mentioned as an area which is adversely impacted by nutrient enrichment, where there has been habitat loss on the seafloor over the last 20-30 years (about 50% of the total Gulf area), and partial elimination of benthic fauna.

The general state of the assessment area is good so the extent to which the ecosystem is affected is limited. Amvrakikos Gulf could only be mentioned as an area which is adversely impacted by nutrient enrichment, where there has been habitat loss on the seafloor over the last 20-30 years (about 50% of the total Gulf area), and partial elimination of benthic fauna.

Input load of nitrogen: 42,000 tonnes of nitrogen per year.An estimated 800 tonnes of nitrogen enter the north Aegean due to aquaculture affecting the marine environment locally

Input load of nitrogen: 42,000 tonnes of nitrogen per year.An estimated 800 tonnes of nitrogen enter the north Aegean due to aquaculture affecting the marine environment locally

1,900 tonnes per year (riverine fluxes into the Ionian Sea, based on 1998 data fromLudwig et al, 2009).

1,900 tonnes per year (riverine fluxes into the Ionian Sea, based on 1998 data fromLudwig et al, 2009).

High

Moderate

Moderate

High

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Non related GES component

Low

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

High

Decreasing

Decreasing

Decreasing

Decreasing

Decreasing

Decreasing

Unknown_NotAssessed

Stable

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

The main causes of nutrient and organic matter enrichment in the area are land-based activities such as agriculture, livestock farming and waste water treatment plants.

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

• AgricultForestry
• Aquaculture
• Urban

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.

There is data inadequacy concerning organic matter input . This could be addressed by setting organic matter as a monitoring parameter in the forthcoming programme.