Achieve or maintain values and characteristics defined as GES for all descriptors of GES in North Atlantic region.

Achieve or maintain the values and characteristics defined as GES for all descriptors of GES in South Atlantic region

Improving knowledge on the seabed, including physical and biological characteristics * Proportion of the assessment area studied. * Proportion of coastal habitats studied. * Proportion of deep habitats studied. OBJECTIVES 2012: C.3.2, C.3.3, C.3.4.

Improve knowledge of the seabed, including physical and biological characteristics. * Proportion of the assessment area studied. * Proportion of coastal habitats studied. * Proportion of deep habitats studied. OBJECTIVES 2012: C.3.2, C.3.3, C.3.4.

Reduce the intensity and area of ​​influence of significant anthropogenic pressures on benthic habitats, with special attention to biogenic and / or protected habitats that represent biodiversity hotspots and are key to ensuring the services and functions of the marine environment: maërl beds, communities of Laminaria, communities of cold-water corals, communities dominated by Pennatulaceans, aggregations of deep and circalittoral sponges and coral gardens. In particular, avoid bottom-gear fishing on the most sensitive habitats, such as seamounts, coralline and maërl communities and cold-water corals; avoid or reduce the construction of infrastructures that may affect sensitive habitats; avoid / reduce the direct and indirect effects of dredging on vulnerable benthic habitats; and avoid the adverse effects of the exploitation of non-renewable marine resources on biogenic and / or protected habitats. In the second cycle, this objective has been modified to: C.N.1. Reduce the intensity and area of ​​influence of significant anthropogenic pressures on benthic habitats, with special attention to protected and / or natural interest habitats. This modified objective will be reported as new, since the code and indicators have changed.

Reduce the intensity and area of ​​influence of significant anthropogenic pressures on benthic habitats, with special attention to biogenic and / or protected habitats that represent biodiversity hotspots and are key to ensuring the services and functions of the marine environment: phanerogam meadows, maërl beds, cold-water coral communities, underwater structures produced by gas escapes, pennatulacean-dominated communities, aggregations of deep and circalittoral sponges and coral gardens. In particular, avoid fishing with bottom gear and gear on the most sensitive habitats, such as underwater structures produced by gas escapes, coralline and maërl communities and cold-water corals; avoid or reduce the construction of infrastructures that may affect sensitive habitats; avoid / reduce the direct and indirect effects of dredging on vulnerable benthic habitats; and avoid the adverse effects of the exploitation of non-renewable marine resources on biogenic and / or protected habitats. In the second cycle, this objective has been modified to: C.S.1. Reduce the intensity and area of ​​influence of significant anthropogenic pressures on benthic habitats, with special attention to protected and / or natural interest habitats. This modified objective will be reported as new, since the code and indicators have changed.

To minimise the potential for introduction or secondary expansion of non-indigenous species, directly taking into account the anthropogenic pathways and vectors of translocation (avoid leakages in aquaculture or aquarium installations, avoid transport and release into the medium of species associated with those cultivated outside their natural range, ballast water control, control of live bait, sediment discharge control, anchoring or cleaning of helmets). In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.N..2. To minimise the potential for introduction or secondary expansion of non-native species, directly taking into account the anthropogenic pathways and vectors of translocation This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, as the code and indicators have changed.

To minimise the potential for introduction or secondary expansion of non-indigenous species, directly taking into account the anthropogenic pathways and vectors of translocation (avoid leakages in aquaculture or aquarium installations, avoid transport and release into the medium of species associated with those cultivated outside their natural range, ballast water control, control of live bait, sediment discharge control, anchoring or cleaning of helmets). In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.S.2. To minimise the potential for introduction or secondary expansion of non-native species, directly taking into account the anthropogenic pathways and vectors of translocation This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, as the code and indicators have changed.

In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.N.9. Manage processes for invasions of alien species in an integrated manner, especially those identified in the initial evaluation of D2 in the DMNOR, including the development of early detection networks and their coordination at national level. This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, as the code and indicators have changed.

In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.S.9. Manage processes for invasions of alien species in an integrated manner, especially those identified in the initial evaluation of D2 in DMSUD, including the development of early detection networks and their coordination at national level. This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, as the code and indicators have changed.

To prevent impacts on trophic webs of the cultivation of marine species, with a focus on the cultivation of non-native and rare species. In the second cycle, the objective has been maintained, although changing the code and indicators C.N..5. To prevent impacts on trophic webs of the cultivation of marine species, with a focus on the cultivation of non-native and rare species. This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, given that the code and the code have been changed.

To prevent impacts on trophic webs of the cultivation of marine species, with a focus on the cultivation of non-native and rare species In the second cycle, the objective has been maintained, although changing the code and indicators C.S.5. To prevent impacts on trophic webs of the cultivation of marine species, with a focus on the cultivation of non-native and rare species. This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, given that the code and the code have been changed.

Ensuring proper surveillance of the marine environment through remote or on-site systems In the second cycle, this target has been amended to: A.N.10. Ensuring regulatory compliance This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, as the code and indicators have changed.

Ensuring proper surveillance of the marine environment through remote or on-site systems In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.S.10. Ensuring regulatory compliance This modified objective will be produced as a new objective, as the code and indicators have changed.

Promote the Network of Marine Protected Areas in Spain in the North-Atlantic basin, adequately protecting the biogenic habitats, protected habitats and other habitats identified in the initial assessment as being of particular interest, including a sufficient proportion of them and applying specific management measures. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.N.2. Achieve a complete, ecologically representative, coherent and well managed network of marine protected areas in the North Atlantic area This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Promote the Network of Marine Protected Areas in Spain in the South Atlantic Basin, adequately protecting the biogenic habitats, protected habitats and other habitats identified in the initial assessment as being of particular interest, including a sufficient proportion of them and applying specific management measures. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.S.2.Achieve a complete, ecologically representative, coherent and well managed network of marine protected areas in the South Atlantic area. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Ensure the conservation and recovery of marine biodiversity through effective instruments and measures. - Percentage of marine species/habitats not in GES, or threatened, that are subject to conservation, recovery and restoration plans and/or national strategies. * Percentage of the demarcation included in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), including the RN2000. * Percentage of the area of habitats of community interest included in RN2000. * Percentage of MPAs with approved management plans and in application. Objectives 2012: A.1.8, A2.2

Ensuring regulatory compliance * Estimation of surveillance in hours * Infringements identified vs sanctions imposed * Human resources available for monitoring and equipment available. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.1.9

Increase awareness of food webs, with a view to developing new indicators to assess and define Good Environmental Status. There are adequate indicators to assess food webs. OBJECTIVE 2012: C. 3.8

Achieve a complete, ecologically representative, coherent and well managed network of marine protected areas in the North Atlantic area. * Approval of the Master Plan for RAMPE. * Percentage of MPAs included in the Spanish network of Marine Protected Areas. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.2.1

Maintain or restore the natural balance of the stocks of key species for the ecosystem. * Trends in populations of species used as evaluation elements, corresponding to various trophic levels. * Indicators used for the assessment of food webs. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.3.4

To maintain positive or stable trends in the area of distribution of protected habitats or of natural interest and specific habitats. * Trends in habitat distribution area. Objective 2012: A3.5

Promoting the consideration of marine species in the regional, national and international asset lists of threatened species, as well as their study * No. of marine species which are listed/delisted on lists and catalogues of threatened species, or change category. * No. of target species. OBJECTIVE 2012: C1.1

Improve international coordination of species monitoring programmes, especially for geographically wide-spread species (e.g. fish, cetaceans and reptiles). * Number of international initiatives and working groups involved. OBJECTIVE 2012: C1.2

Improve national coordination and standardisation of habitat and species monitoring programmes * Existence of common methodologies/guides/protocols. * No of meetings for updating the monitoring programmes. * Common access database for the various monitoring programmes. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.1.7

Improve the coordination of monitoring and response to accidental catches and mortality events, including the monitoring of the incidental catch of turtles, mammals and seabirds on fishing vessels. * Adoption and implementation of coordination systems at national level (protocols, common data collection templates, common methodologies, common database) to address monitoring and response to these events. * Percentage of fleet involved in monitoring incidental catch (logbooks, specific actions...) OBJECTIVE 2012: A1.7

Manage processes for invasions of alien species in an integrated manner, especially those identified in the initial evaluation of D2 in the DMNOR, including the development of early detection networks and their coordination at national level. The area covered by networks of detection and quantification of non-native species. * Existence of action protocols for IAC screening events. * Number of marine species categorised on the list of invasive alien species * Percentage/number of invasive species subject to management measures or actions. * Percentage/number of habitats affected by invasive species which have been subject to management measures or actions OBJECTIVE 2012: A.1.3, C.3.6

Ensuring the conservation and restoration of marine biodiversity through effective tools and measures * Percentage of marine species/habitats not found or threatened, subject to conservation, restoration and restoration plans or national strategies. * Percentage of the demarcation included in Marine Protected Areas (MPA), including RN2000. * Percentage of the area of habitats of Community interest included in RN2000. * Percentage of MPA with approved management plans and implementation. Objectives 2012: A.1.8, A2.2

Ensuring regulatory compliance * Estimation of surveillance in hours * Infringements identified vs sanctions imposed * Human resources available for monitoring and equipment available. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.1.9

Increase awareness of food webs, with a view to developing new indicators to assess and define Good Environmental Status. There are adequate indicators to assess food webs. OBJECTIVE 2012: C. 3.8

Achieve a comprehensive, ecologically representative, coherent and well managed network of marine protected areas in the South Atlantic area. * Approval of the Master Plan for RAMPE. * Percentage of MPAs included in the Spanish network of Marine Protected Areas. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.2.1

Maintain or restore the natural balance of populations of key species for the ecosystem * Trends in populations of the species used as evaluation elements, corresponding to various trophic levels. * Indicators used for the assessment of food webs. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.3.4

To maintain positive or stable trends in the range of habitats protected or of natural interest and specific habitats. * Trends in habitat distribution area. Objective 2012: A3.5

Promoting the consideration of marine species in the regional, national and international asset lists of threatened species, as well as their study * No. of marine species which are listed/delisted on lists and catalogues of threatened species, or change category. * No. of target species. OBJECTIVE 2012: C.1.1

Improve international coordination of species monitoring programmes, especially for geographically wide species (e.g. fish, cetaceans and reptiles). * Number of international initiatives and working groups involved. OBJECTIVE 2012: C1.2

Improve national coordination and standardisation of habitat and species monitoring programmes * Existence of common methodologies/guides/protocols. * No. of meetings for updating the monitoring programmes. * Common access database for the various monitoring programmes. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.1.7

Improve the coordination of monitoring and response to accidental catches and mortality events, including the monitoring of the incidental catch of turtles, mammals and seabirds on fishing vessels. * Adoption and implementation of coordination systems at national level (protocols, common data collection templates, common methodologies, common database) to address monitoring and response to these events. * Percentage of fleet involved in tracking accidental turtles (logbooks, specific actions...) OBJECTIVE 2012: A1.7

Manage processes for invasions of alien species in an integrated manner, especially those identified in the initial evaluation of D2 in DMSUD, including the development of early detection networks and their coordination at national level. The area covered by networks of detection and quantification of non-native species. • Existence of action protocols for IAC screening events. • Number of marine species categorised on the list of invasive alien species • Percentage/number of invasive species subject to management measures or actions • Number of habitats affected by invasive species which have been subject to management measures or actions. OBJECTIVE 2012: A.1.3 C.3.6

Encourage scientific studies, initiatives and projects on the impacts of the introduction of substances, litter and energy in the marine environment to address the knowledge gaps identified in the Initial Assessment and in the successive phases of Marine Strategies. * Awareness building on impacts arising from the introduction of substances, litter and energy in the marine environment, which are addressed by scientific studies and projects. OBJECTIVES 2012: B.3.1, B.3.2, B.3.3, B.3.4.

Integrate into decision-making and management of the marine environment results and knowledge acquired through studies, initiatives and scientific projects on the impacts of the introduction of substances, litter and energy in the marine environment. * Criteria for evaluating and monitoring the results of scientific projects/studies. * Objectives and management measures for which the design has taken into account the results of scientific projects/studies.

Encourage scientific studies, initiatives and projects on the impacts of the introduction of substances, litter and energy in the marine environment to address the knowledge gaps identified in the Initial Assessment and in the successive phases of Marine Strategies. * Awareness building on impacts arising from the introduction of substances, litter and energy in the marine environment, which are addressed by scientific studies and projects. OBJECTIVES 2012: B.3.1, B.3.2, B.3.3, B.3.4.

Integrate into decision-making and management of the marine environment results and knowledge acquired through studies, initiatives and scientific projects on the impacts of the introduction of substances, litter and energy in the marine environment. * Criteria for evaluating and monitoring the results of scientific projects/studies. * Objectives and management measures for which the design has taken into account the results of scientific projects/studies.

Keep the lists of endangered species up to date and the assessment of their populations. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.N.5. Promoting the consideration of marine species in the regional, national and international asset lists of threatened species, as well as their study This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Keep the lists of endangered species up to date and the assessment of their populations. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: A.S.5. Promoting the consideration of marine species in the regional, national and international asset lists of threatened species, as well as their study This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Ensure public participation in the marine strategy of the North Atlantic demarcation through outreach, awareness-raising, voluntary environmental education and stakeholder involvement in the marine environment. In the second cycle, this objective has remained the same, with the exception of the code: C.N..6. Ensure public participation in the marine strategy of the North Atlantic demarcation through outreach, awareness-raising, voluntary environmental education and stakeholder involvement in the marine environment. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Ensure social participation in the Marine Strategy of the South Atlantic Basin through outreach, awareness-raising, voluntary environmental education and stakeholder involvement in the marine environment. In the second cycle, this objective has remained the same, with the exception of the code: C.S.6. Ensure social participation in the Marine Strategy of the South Asian Basin through outreach, awareness-raising, voluntary environmental education and stakeholder involvement in the marine environment. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Achieve proper coordination of public administrations, institutions and sectors in the South Atlantic basin that carry out work related to the marine environment, in such a way as to avoid duplication and exploit synergies. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.S.7. Achieve proper coordination of public administrations, institutions and sectors in the South Atlantic basin that carry out work related to the marine environment, in such a way as to avoid duplication and exploit synergies. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Ensure that the area affected by permanent physical alterations caused by human activities is a small proportion of the total area of the South Atlantic area. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.S.10. Foster human actions not to significantly increase the surface affected by physical loss of natural seabed compared to the previous cycle in the South Atlantic area. This target will be reported as a new target, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Take mitigation measures in coastal stretches where permanent physical alterations caused by human activities have caused a significant impact so that hydrodynamics and hydrodynamics properties are compatible with the conservation of habitats In the second cycle, the wording and the code have been slightly changed. C.N..12. Take measures on coastal stretches where permanent physical alterations caused by human activities have caused a significant impact so as to be compatible with the good environmental status of the seabed and hydrographical conditions. This objective will be gained as a new objective, as the code and indicator has changed.

Take mitigation measures in coastal stretches where permanent physical alterations caused by human activities have caused a significant impact so that hydrodynamics and hydrodynamics properties are compatible with the conservation of habitats In the second cycle, the wording and the code have been slightly changed. C.S.12. Take measures on coastal stretches where permanent physical alterations caused by human activities have caused a significant impact so as to be compatible with the good environmental status of the seabed and hydrographical conditions. This objective will be gained as a new objective, as the code and indicator has changed.

Improving access to available marine information, in particular with regard to the descriptors of good environmental status, pressures and impacts, and socio-economic aspects, as well as ensuring the quality of this information. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.N..15. To improve access to available marine information, in particular with regard to the descriptors of good environmental status, pressures and impacts, and socio-economic aspects, as well as to ensure the quality of this information, both for maritime administrations and institutions and for the general public. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Improving access to available marine information, in particular with regard to the descriptors of good environmental status, pressures and impacts, and socio-economic aspects, as well as ensuring the quality of this information. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.S.15. To improve access to available marine information, in particular with regard to the descriptors of good environmental status, pressures and impacts, and socio-economic aspects, as well as to ensure the quality of this information, both for maritime administrations and institutions and for the general public. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Increase awareness of the impact of human activities on habitats, especially biogenic and protected species, their species, populations and communities, their sensitivity, tolerance limits and acclimatisation and acclimatisation, especially in relation to fishing activities, infrastructure construction, dredging, extraction of non-renewable marine resources, pollution and interaction with the effects of climate change (acidification, heating, etc.). In the second cycle, this objective has been split into two: C.N..17. Improving knowledge on the effects of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems, with a view to mainstreaming climate change variable into all phases of Marine Strategies C.N..17. Improving knowledge on the effects of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems, with a view to mainstreaming climate change variable into all phases of Marine Strategies Both will be reported as new

Increase awareness of the impact of human activities on habitats, especially biogenic and protected species, their species, populations and communities, their sensitivity, tolerance limits and acclimatisation and acclimatisation, especially in relation to fishing activities, infrastructure construction, dredging, extraction of non-renewable marine resources, pollution and interaction with the effects of climate change (acidification, heating, etc.). In the second cycle, this objective has been split into two: C.S.16. Encourage scientific studies and projects to address knowledge gaps identified in the initial assessment of the impact of human activities on marine and coastal ecosystems. C.S.17. Improving knowledge on the effects of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems, with a view to mainstreaming climate change variable into all phases of Marine Strategies Both will be reported as new

Develop a national monitoring system for river basin and water variability and establish a target system for alerts on the occurrence of climatic abnormalities that may put pressure on the different marine ecosystems. The system should include a register of hydrographical and biological variables as well as mass and extreme events in marine ecosystems such as:Unusual planktonic blocks, appearance of unusual species in a certain zone and time of year, mass of species or process occurring (mortality, reproduction), etc. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.N..19. Encourage the efficient monitoring of the ocean variables to enable the early detection of the occurrence of climatic anomalies which may put pressure on the different marine ecosystems. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Develop a national monitoring system for river basin and water variability and establish a target system for alerts on the occurrence of climatic abnormalities that may put pressure on the different marine ecosystems. The system should include a register of hydrographical and biological variables as well as mass and extreme events in marine ecosystems such as:Unusual planktonic blocks, appearance of unusual species in a certain zone and time of year, mass of species or process occurring (mortality, reproduction), etc. In the second cycle, this objective has been amended to: C.S.19. Encourage the efficient monitoring of the ocean variables to enable the early detection of the occurrence of climatic anomalies which may put pressure on the different marine ecosystems. This objective will be gained as a new objective, given that the code and indicators have changed.

Promote that localised and permanent physical alterations caused by human activities do not threaten the durability and functioning of protected habitats and/or habitats of natural interest, nor compromise the achievement or maintenance of GES for these habitats * Percentage of compatibility reports on existing installations * Area of protected habitats and/or habitats of natural interest affected by permanent physical alterations

Take measures on coastal stretches where permanent physical alterations caused by human activities have caused a significant impact so as to be compatible with the good environmental status of the seabed and hydrographical conditions. * No. of measures taken in respect of each activity causing significant impact. OBJECTIVE 2012: C.2.3

To improve access to available marine information, in particular with regard to the descriptors of good environmental status, pressures and impacts, and socio-economic aspects, as well as to ensure the quality of this information, both for maritime administrations and institutions and for the general public. • Existence of platforms for access and exchange of information on the marine environment which facilitate the management of public administrations • Means of access and quality of marine environment information available to citizens • Number of metadata available OBJECTIVE C.3.1

Encourage scientific studies and projects to address knowledge gaps identified in the initial assessment of the impact of human activities on marine and coastal ecosystems. * No. of studies and scientific projects promoted by public administrations dealing with these subjects. * Knowledge-based studies and scientific projects. OBJECTIVE 2012: C.3.5

Improving knowledge on the effects of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems, with a view to mainstreaming climate change variable into all phases of Marine Strategies * Number of studies and scientific projects promoted by public administrations dealing with this issue * Number of monitoring indicators addressing climate change aspects * Percentage of climate change strategies in Marine Strategies OBJECTIVE 2012: C.3.5

Integrate into decision-making and management of the marine environment results and knowledge acquired through scientific studies, initiatives and projects on the impact of human activities on habitats, species, populations and communities * Criteria for evaluation and monitoring of the results of scientific projects/studies (based on the references in documents) * Objectives and management measures for which the design has taken into account the results of scientific projects/studies

OBJECTIVE 2012: C3.9

To minimise the potential for introduction or secondary expansion of non-native species, directly taking into account the anthropogenic pathways and vectors of translocation * Number of policy/control measures on pathways and vectors for introduction and translocation, * Number of introduction and translocation routes and translocation addressed by policy or regulated measures, such as: Leakages in aquaculture installations, ballast water, anchoring, 'biofouling', live bait, and all types of discharges * Number of events of introduction of invasive non-indigenous species by vector/track OBJECTIVES 2012: A.1.2

Reducing the disturbance to fauna caused by tourist and recreational activities * Number of individuals of the species potentially affected (for turtles and birds) * Number of established protection measures/initiatives to reduce pressure on these populations

To prevent impacts on trophic webs from the cultivation of marine species, with a focus on the cultivation of non-native and rare species. * Existence of preventive measures within the control programmes. OBJECTIVES 2012: A.1.5

Ensure social participation in the marine strategy of the North Atlantic demarcation through outreach, awareness-raising, voluntary environmental education and stakeholder involvement in the marine environment. * Number of initiatives for social participation and evaluation of their results OBJECTIVE 2012: C.1.3

Achieve adequate coordination of public administrations, institutions and sectors in the North Atlantic region that carry out work related to the marine environment, so as to avoid duplication and take advantage of synergies * Number of initiatives, projects and coordination meetings * Number of themes in which coordination initiatives are adopted OBJECTIVE 2012: C.1.4.

Promote, through the Marine Spatial Plan of the North Atlantic Demarcation and/or other development tools, that human activities are developed in a sustainable manner and do not jeopardise the achievement of the Good Environmental Status * Number of human activities covered by the management plan OBJECTIVE 2012: C1.5

To promote that the biological and permanent physical alterations caused by human activities do not threaten the persistence and operation of protected habitats or natural interests and do not jeopardise the achievement or maintenance of the GES for these habitats. * Percentage of compatibility reports on existing installations. * Area of protected habitats of natural interest affected by permanent physical alterations.

Take measures on coastal stretches where permanent physical alterations caused by human activities have caused a significant impact so as to be compatible with the good environmental status of the seabed and hydrographical conditions. * No. of measures taken in respect of each activity causing significant impact OBJECTIVE 2012: C.2.3

To improve access to available marine information, in particular with regard to the descriptors of good environmental status, pressures and impacts, and socio-economic aspects, as well as to ensure the quality of this information, both for maritime administrations and institutions and for the general public. • Existence of platforms for access and exchange of information on the marine environment which facilitate the management of public administrations • Means of access and quality of marine environment information available to citizens • Number of metadata available OBJECTIVE C.3.1

Encourage scientific studies and projects to address knowledge gaps identified in the initial assessment of the impact of human activities on marine and coastal ecosystems. * Number of studies and scientific projects promoted by public administrations dealing with these subjects. * Knowledge-based studies and scientific projects. OBJECTIVE 2012: C.3.5

Improving knowledge on the effects of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems, with a view to mainstreaming climate change variable into all phases of Marine Strategies * Number of studies and scientific projects promoted by public administrations dealing with this issue * Number of monitoring indicators addressing climate change aspects * Percentage of climate change strategies in Marine Strategies OBJECTIVE 2012: C.3.5

Integrate into decision-making and management of the marine environment results and knowledge acquired through scientific studies, initiatives and projects on the impact of human activities on habitats, species, populations and communities * Criteria for evaluation and monitoring of the results of scientific projects/studies (based on the references in documents) * Objectives and management measures for which the design has taken into account the results of scientific projects/studies

OBJECTIVE 2012: C3.9

To minimise the potential for introduction or secondary expansion of non-native species, directly taking into account the anthropogenic pathways and vectors of translocation * Number of policy/control measures on pathways and vectors for introduction and translocation. * Number of introduction and translocation routes and translocation addressed by policy or regulated measures, such as: Leakages in aquaculture facilities, ballast water, anchoring, 'biofouling', live bait, and all types of discharges. * Number of events of introduction of invasive non-indigenous species by vector/track OBJECTIVES 2012: A.1.2

Reducing the disturbance to fauna caused by tourist and recreational activities * Number of individuals of the species potentially affected (for turtles and birds) * Number of established protection measures/initiatives to reduce pressure on these populations

To prevent impacts on trophic webs from the cultivation of marine species, with a focus on the cultivation of non-native and rare species. * Existence of preventive measures within the control programmes. OBJECTIVES 2012: A.1.5

Ensure social participation in the Marine Strategy of the South Atlantic Basin through outreach, awareness-raising, voluntary environmental education and stakeholder involvement in the marine environment. * Number of initiatives for social participation and evaluation of their results OBJECTIVE 2012: C.1.3

Ensure proper coordination of public administrations, institutions and sectors in the South Atlantic demarcation district which carry out work related to the marine environment, in such a way as to avoid duplication and exploit synergies

To ensure, through the Maritime Spatial Plan of the South Atlantic Marine area and/or other development tools, that human activities are developed in a sustainable manner and do not jeopardise the achievement of the Good Environmental Status. * Number of human activities covered by the management plan OBJECTIVE 2012: C1.5