No data available. No documented catches, but adequate monitoring has not been carried out.

The information available for the only colony in the DMESAL (Chafarinas Islands) is not comparable, and does not allow establishing trends based on abundance.

No proper monitoring across the region to properly evaluate this criterion, although there is no evidence of any colony disappearing in recent times

No data available for the region, although the species is prone to bycatch, and captures are commonly reported in the neighbouring DMLEBA. For now it has been left as unknown, but future efforts should be directed to assess bycatch of this and other seabird species in the region.

No breeding population in the region. For now there has been no attempts to assess trends in abundance at sea.

No breeding population in the region. For now there has been no attempts to assessdistribution range changes at sea.

In this case data available was not possible to split between DMLEBA and DMESAL, so both marine regions have been evaluated jointly for D1C1. There are several data gaps and the estimate of bycaught birds should be considered as extremely conservative. However, the number of recorded catches for some fishing gears suggests that the TV is far exceeded (43 catches in 2016 in surface longline, with an unknown observation effort), so the status of the species is considered not good for this criterion.

Overall decrease along the last 15 years, which might be partly explained by the increasing population in Portugal. However, considering the whole population of DMLEBA, DMESAL and Portugal, the overall trend is still negative.

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

The species is quite nomadic, and this criterion is not particularly useful. Nevetheless, the few historical colonies remain, and there are a couple of relatively new ones (originated in 2014-2015), so the criterion may be evaluated as in good status.

No evidence of bycatch. Given the ecology of the species, it is not expected to be a relevant problem, although there might be occasional captures, most probably with recreational fisheries, and the issue deserves attention in the future.

Overall decline in the last couple of decades, with average abundance equal to the threshod in this evaluation period. This, plus the steady decrease duing the cycle, leads to evaluate the criterion as not good.

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No evidence of bycatch. Given the ecology of the species, it is not expected to be a relevant problem, although there might be occasional captures.

Average abundance for the evaluation period is slightly above the threshold. However, the difference is slight, and there there has been a decline across the cycle, for which the evaluation is consudered inconclusive.

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

There are several data gaps, but there is widespread evidence of regular bycatch in small-scale fisheries, mainly by set-nets but also in demersal longlines. Available information suggests a very conservative figure of 81 birds per year, well above the thresold of 11 birds.

The criterion cannot be evaluated as there is only partial information available in the present cycle for the bulck of the regional population, that of the Balearic Islands. In the continental coast of Iberia the population has increased across the last three decades, but this is only a small fraction of the whole population of DMLEBA, and it's trend is believed to be non-representative of the whole population in the region.

There is available information on breeding success for the Iberian population, with values differing between regions, both above and below the threshold. This variability, plus the lack of data from the bulk of the population in the Balearic Islands, precludes to make a proper evaluation.

There is no information available to assess D1C3 for survival rate

Not assessed. The species tends to breed scattered across long coastal stetches, making particularly difficult to define colonies and hence to use the number and distribution of colonies to assess D1C4.

There are several data gaps, mostly regarding artisanal fisheries. However, an extremely conservative estimate gives a minimum of 136 birds bycaught per year, well above the threshold. This refers mainly to surface and demersal longline.

Abundance values subject to great uncertainty, hard to set a trend based on available data for the whole region, although most evidence suggests a decrease. Overall about 1920 breeding pairs estimated currently, while previous estimates suggested close to 10000 breeding pairs, but the level of uncertainty is so high that it's recommended not to use these figures to establish a trend. Two colonies well monitored: Columbretes (Coumnitat Valenciana) and Pantaleu (Mallorca, Illes Balears). Columbretes (1992-2021) shows a severe decline in the late 1990s (when it reached 140 breeding pairs), with a stabilisation since 2000; an average of 74 breeding pairs in 2016-2021 is below the threshold (9s preeding pairs). In Pantaleu the monitoring started in 2001, and the islet has shown a rather stable trend in abundance, with an average 221 breeding pairs in 2016-2021, above the estimated threshold of 177 breeding pairs).

Information available for Pantaleu islet, in the Balearic archipelago. It's important to note that this is a predator-free colony, and the situation might be less favourable in other breeding sites.

Data available for three colonies, all of them predator-free (while other relevant colonies in the region are subject to predation by feral cats, rats and other introduced predators). Even so, values are below the threshold level in two of these colonies (and for the average, 0.868), and hence the criterion is considered not good.

No proper monitoring across the region to properly evaluate this criterion, although there is no evidence of any colony disappearing in recent times

No evidence of bycatch. Given the ecology of the species, it is not expected to be a problem, at least on a regular basis

Abundance values subject to great uncertainty, hard to set a trend based on available data for the whole region (rough estimate 1937-3259 breeding pairs), although the trend seems stable. Three colonies have monitoring plots where abundance has been assessed for several years (Isla Mitjana, Benidorm Island and S'Espartar), and results indicate that all these colonies are above the threshold level. The figures used here are those integrating the three colony-plots.

Three colonies have monitoring plots where breeding success has been assessed for several years (Benidorm Island, S'Espartar and Na Pobra), and results indicate that all these colonies are above the threshold level, although in the case of Espartar breeding success is very close or even below the threshold in some years. The average values for each colony have been averaged here to provide a reference value (0.492)

Data available only for Benidorm Island, with values very close to the threshold, making difficult to make a proper assessment.

No proper monitoring across the region to properly evaluate this criterion, although there is no evidence of any colony disappearing in recent times

There are several data gaps, mostly regarding artisanal fisheries. However, an extremely conservative estimate gives a minimum of 156 birds bycaught per year, well above the threshold. This refers mainly to surface and demersal longline, whereas bycatch in other gears (trawlers, set nets and purse-seiners) is also known to occur. In the case of surface longline, estimates consider the fleet fishing effort. For dmersal longliners fishing effort is pooprly assessed, so data has been limited to documented captures (average per year of 88 birds)

Abundance values subject to great uncertainty, hard to set a trend based on available data for the whole region, although most evidence suggests a decrease. There are a few monitored colonies, but efforts are focused on demographic parameters, and a proper assessment of abundance is not available even at this scale. For a species like this, which breeds in largely unaccessible habitat, it is considered that D1C3 is more approriate to assess trends.

Information available for 5 colonies. Although the average value is above the threshold value, 4 out of 5 colonies show at least one year with low breeding success (below the threshold). Moreover, the monitored colonies are in most cases predator-free, while others not monitored have predators (both carnivores and rodents). For these reasons, and as a precautionary approach, the result of the evaluation is left as unknown.

Data available for three colonies, in average 0.818, well below the threshold. Moreover, in these colonies there have been population viability analyses showing a sharp decline of around 14% per year, thus clearly pointing to unfavourable status

No proper monitoring across the region to properly evaluate this criterion. There are doubts abut the presence of breeders in two historical breeding sites, but this is pending of confirmation.

In this case data available was not possible to split between DMLEBA and DMESAL, so both marine regions have been evaluated jointly for D1C1. There are several data gaps and the estimate of bycaught birds should be considered as extremely conservative. However, the number of recorded catches for some fishing gears suggests that the TV is far exceeded (43 catches in 2016 in surface longline, with an unknown observation effort), so the status of the species is considered not good for this criterion.

Overall decrease along the last 15 years, in parallel to the collapse of the largest world colony of the species, in the Ebro Delta. Part of this collapse was compensated by the colonisation of new sites, but still the overall population trend is negative, even if the population of other surrounding regions is considered (DMESAL and Portugal).

Overall breeding success shortly below the threshold, with values particularly low in some historical colonies as the Ebro Delta (0.58).

Available information for some colonies, but heterogeneous data regarding the periods represented, not used here.

The species is quite nomadic, and in the last 15 years several new sites have been colonised, most of them before the current evaluation period. However some other colonies have disappeared. Moreover, information from the Balearic islands is patchy, and overall it makes difficult to assess this criterion.

No evidence of bycatch. Given the ecology of the species, it is not expected to be a relevant problem, although there might be occasional captures, most probably with recreational fisheries, and the issue deserves attention in the future.

Overall decline in the last couple of decades, the species abundance is currently below the threshold

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No evidence of bycatch. Given the ecology of the species, it is not expected to be a relevant problem, although there might be occasional captures.

Average abundance for the evaluation period is slightly above the threshold. However, the difference is slight, and there there has been a decline across the cycle, for which the evaluation is consudered inconclusive.

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No evidence of bycatch. Given the ecology of the species, it is not expected to be a relevant problem, although there might be occasional captures, most probably with recreational fisheries, and the issue deserves attention in the future.

The population is concentrated in a handful of sites (mainly the Ebro Delta and the Albufera de Valencia, with increasing relevance of other wetlands in Alicante and Murcia. The overall trend is stable during the current evaluation period, with some fluctuations, and increasing compared to previous cycles.

No demographic information available for this evaluation period

No demographic information available for this evaluation period