Member State report / Art11 / 2014-2020 / D1-M / Finland / Baltic Sea
| Report type | Member State report to Commission |
| MSFD Article | Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates) |
| Report due | 2014-10-15; 2020-10-15 |
| GES Descriptor | D1 Mammals |
| Member State | Finland |
| Region/subregion | Baltic Sea |
| Reported by | Reporter not found |
| Report date | Date not found; 2020-10-31 |
| Report access |
2014 data
2020 data
| Monitoring programme | Monitoring programme name | MP_D1_4_6_Birds |
MP_D1_4_6_Birds |
MP_D1_4_6_Birds |
MP_D1_4_6_Birds |
MP_D1_4_6_Birds |
MP_D1_4_6_Fish |
MP_D1_4_6_Fish |
MP_D1_4_6_Fish |
MP_D1_4_6_Mammals |
MP_D1_4_6_Mammals |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D3 |
MP_D3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitoring programme | Reference existing programme | BALFI-D01,04,06fis |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
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| Monitoring programme | Marine Unit ID |
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| Q4e - Programme ID | BALFI-D01,04,06bir |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben |
BALFI-D03 |
BALFI-D03 |
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| Q4f - Programme description | General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity-Birds) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Birds
General information on Sub-programmes is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity-Birds) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Birds
General information on Sub-programmes is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity-Birds) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Birds
General information on Sub-programmes is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity-Birds) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Birds
General information on Sub-programmes is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity-Birds) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Birds
General information on Sub-programmes is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity, Fish) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Fish
General information on Sub-programmes (Fish and Fisheries) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity, Fish) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Fish
General information on Sub-programmes (Fish and Fisheries) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity, Fish) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Fish
General information on Sub-programmes (Fish and Fisheries) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Mammals
General information on Sub-programs is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#Mammals
General information on Sub-programs is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity - Seabed habitats) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#SeabedHabitats
General information on Sub-programmes (Seabed habitat distribution and extent) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity - Seabed habitats) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#SeabedHabitats
General information on Sub-programmes (Seabed habitat distribution and extent) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity - Seabed habitats) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#SeabedHabitats
General information on Sub-programmes (Seabed habitat distribution and extent) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/ |
General information is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (Biodiversity - Seabed habitats) - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/introduction#SeabedHabitats
General information on Sub-programmes (Seabed habitat distribution and extent) is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/ |
General information on monitoring of fish and fisheries is available at:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Monitoring of “Fish, fisheries and shellfish” - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/
HELCOM Monitoring manual Sub-program: Coastal fish, where information can be found in the section "Monitoring requirements" - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual Sub-program: Migratory fish, where information can be found in the section "Monitoring requirements" - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual Sub-program: Offshore fish, where information can be found in the section "Monitoring requirements" - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
General information on monitoring of fish and fisheries is available at:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Monitoring of “Fish, fisheries and shellfish” - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/
HELCOM Monitoring manual Sub-program: Coastal fish, where information can be found in the section "Monitoring requirements" - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual Sub-program: Migratory fish, where information can be found in the section "Monitoring requirements" - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual Sub-program: Offshore fish, where information can be found in the section "Monitoring requirements" - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
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| Q5e - Natural variability |
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| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate data | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Established methods | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate understanding of GES | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate capacity | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5f - Description of programme for GES assessment | The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. The monitoring of benthic fauna and flora is established; currently biotopes are being monitored through this monitoring. The Finnish underwater nature mapping program (VELMU) has mapped all benthic biotopes which serves as a baseline for monitoring of the remaining biotopes, which will be assessed by 2018 on the basis of this mapping. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. The monitoring of benthic fauna and flora is established; currently biotopes are being monitored through this monitoring. The Finnish underwater nature mapping program (VELMU) has mapped all benthic biotopes which serves as a baseline for monitoring of the remaining biotopes, which will be assessed by 2018 on the basis of this mapping. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. The monitoring of benthic fauna and flora is established; currently biotopes are being monitored through this monitoring. The Finnish underwater nature mapping program (VELMU) has mapped all benthic biotopes which serves as a baseline for monitoring of the remaining biotopes, which will be assessed by 2018 on the basis of this mapping. |
The monitoring supports indicators which measure the distance to GES. The monitoring is sufficient to detect the natural variability. The monitoring of benthic fauna and flora is established; currently biotopes are being monitored through this monitoring. The Finnish underwater nature mapping program (VELMU) has mapped all benthic biotopes which serves as a baseline for monitoring of the remaining biotopes, which will be assessed by 2018 on the basis of this mapping. |
As reported for Art. 9 and 10, the threshold values for GES are:
The level of pressure of the fishing activity is not exceeding MSY-level, and the reproductive capacity of the fish populations is secured.
Both sub-programmes under this programme are sufficient to produce data on target species populations which are under international regulation. The data, which is collected within the sub-programmes, gives reliable information on population dynamics caused by fishing and natural factors. The program provides information for the descriptor 3 (MSD-criteria 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3), and as for salmon, for the descriptor 1 (MSD criteria 1.2 and 1.3). The program also collects information on fishing pressure. |
As reported for Art. 9 and 10, the threshold values for GES are:
The level of pressure of the fishing activity is not exceeding MSY-level, and the reproductive capacity of the fish populations is secured.
Both sub-programmes under this programme are sufficient to produce data on target species populations which are under international regulation. The data, which is collected within the sub-programmes, gives reliable information on population dynamics caused by fishing and natural factors. The program provides information for the descriptor 3 (MSD-criteria 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3), and as for salmon, for the descriptor 1 (MSD criteria 1.2 and 1.3). The program also collects information on fishing pressure. |
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| Q5g - Gap-filling date for GES assessment | By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
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| Q5h - Plans to implement monitoring for GES assessment |
No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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Benthic biotope monitoring will be further developed for the next monitoring cycle based on the baseline mapping. |
Benthic biotope monitoring will be further developed for the next monitoring cycle based on the baseline mapping. |
Benthic biotope monitoring will be further developed for the next monitoring cycle based on the baseline mapping. |
Benthic biotope monitoring will be further developed for the next monitoring cycle based on the baseline mapping. |
No immediate development needs.
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No immediate development needs.
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| Q6a -Relevant targets | Q6a - Environmental target | Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 05 Target 13 Target 15 Target 16 Target 18 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 05 Target 13 Target 15 Target 16 Target 18 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 05 Target 13 Target 15 Target 16 Target 18 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 03 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 03 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 06 Target 07 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 06 Target 07 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 06 Target 07 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 06 Target 07 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 |
Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 |
| Q6a -Relevant targets | Q6a - Associated indicator | Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 04 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 05 Target 13 Target 15 Target 16 Target 18 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 05 Target 13 Target 15 Target 16 Target 18 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 05 Target 13 Target 15 Target 16 Target 18 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 03 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 01 Target 02 Target 03 Target 17 Target 30 |
Target 06 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 06 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 06 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 06 Target 08 Target 09 Target 10 Target 20 Target 24 Target 25 Target 26 |
Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 |
Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 |
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6b_SuitableData | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6b_EstablishedMethods | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6d_AdequateCapacity | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q6c - Target updating | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
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| Q6d - Description of programme for targets assessment | The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the target will be monitored by a number of indicators (see Finnish Art. 10 report) |
The progress towards the targets will be monitored by a number of indicators. |
The progress towards the targets will be monitored by a number of indicators. |
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| Q6e - Gap-filling date for targets assessment | By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
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| Q6f - Plans to implement monitoring for targets assessment |
Program is fully adequate
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Program is fully adequate
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| Q7a - Relevant activities |
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| Q7b - Description of monitoring of activities | Hunting of sea-birds and Grey Seal is practiced in the whole coastal area. The hunting focuses on certain game species. Hunting of Grey Seal requires permit and a quota is set annually. The monitoring collects all game statistics. |
Hunting of sea-birds and Grey Seal is practiced in the whole coastal area. The hunting focuses on certain game species. Hunting of Grey Seal requires permit and a quota is set annually. The monitoring collects all game statistics. |
Hunting of sea-birds and Grey Seal is practiced in the whole coastal area. The hunting focuses on certain game species. Hunting of Grey Seal requires permit and a quota is set annually. The monitoring collects all game statistics. |
Hunting of sea-birds and Grey Seal is practiced in the whole coastal area. The hunting focuses on certain game species. Hunting of Grey Seal requires permit and a quota is set annually. The monitoring collects all game statistics. |
Hunting of sea-birds and Grey Seal is practiced in the whole coastal area. The hunting focuses on certain game species. Hunting of Grey Seal requires permit and a quota is set annually. The monitoring collects all game statistics. |
No monitoring of activities
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No monitoring of activities
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No monitoring of activities
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No monitoring activities
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No monitoring activities
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Data collected from licensing authorities (eg. constructions, dredging) and automatic identification system (AIS) is used in an assessment of pressures by HELCOM in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM cumulative impact assessments have identified the impacts of activities on marine environment. |
Data collected from licensing authorities (eg. constructions, dredging) and automatic identification system (AIS) is used in an assessment of pressures by HELCOM in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM cumulative impact assessments have identified the impacts of activities on marine environment. |
Data collected from licensing authorities (eg. constructions, dredging) and automatic identification system (AIS) is used in an assessment of pressures by HELCOM in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM cumulative impact assessments have identified the impacts of activities on marine environment. |
Data collected from licensing authorities (eg. constructions, dredging) and automatic identification system (AIS) is used in an assessment of pressures by HELCOM in the Baltic Sea region. HELCOM cumulative impact assessments have identified the impacts of activities on marine environment. |
Fishery is widespread activity impacting primarily target fish stocks. It also affects other fish stocks, sea-birds and marine mammals due to by-catch. In Finnish waters there are no bottom touching fishing gears in use.
Fishery data is collected via EU data collection framework and catch statistics by the fishermen from the whole region. |
Fishery is widespread activity impacting primarily target fish stocks. It also affects other fish stocks, sea-birds and marine mammals due to by-catch. In Finnish waters there are no bottom touching fishing gears in use.
Fishery data is collected via EU data collection framework and catch statistics by the fishermen from the whole region. |
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| Q7c - Relevant measures | |||||||||||||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate data | ||||||||||||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Established methods | ||||||||||||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate understanding of GES | ||||||||||||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate capacity | ||||||||||||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Addresses activities and pressures | ||||||||||||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Addresses effectiveness of measures | ||||||||||||||||
| Q7d - Description of monitoring for measures | |||||||||||||||||
| Q7f - Gap-filling date for activities and measures | By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
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| Q8a - Links to existing Monitoring Programmes |
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| Reference sub-programme | Sub-programme ID | BALFI-D01,04,06bir-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-4 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-4 |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-4 |
BALFI-D03-1 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
| Reference sub-programme | Sub-programme name | Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from other human activities |
Mobile species - health status |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from other human activities |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - health status |
Benthic species - abundance and/or biomass |
Benthic species - abundance and/or biomass |
Seabed habitats - distribution and extent |
Physical disturbance - from dredging and disposal of dredged material |
Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, maerl, seaweed) |
Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, maerl, seaweed) |
| Q4g - Sub-programmes | Sub-programme ID | BALFI-D01,04,06bir-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-4 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-4 |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06fis-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06ben-4 |
BALFI-D03-1 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
| Q4g - Sub-programmes | Sub-programme name | Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from other human activities |
Mobile species - health status |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from other human activities |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass |
Mobile species - health status |
Benthic species - abundance and/or biomass |
Benthic species - abundance and/or biomass |
Seabed habitats - distribution and extent |
Physical disturbance - from dredging and disposal of dredged material |
Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, maerl, seaweed) |
Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, maerl, seaweed) |
| Q4k - Monitoring purpose | StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact Pressurse Activities |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
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| Q4l - Links of monitoring programmes of other Directives and Conventions | This sub-programme refers to the monitoring which has been reported under the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive.
Further information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine breeding birds abundance and distribution - http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-breeding-birds-abundance-and-distribution/
Monitoring of marine breeding birds is not yet fully coordinated at region level. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine wintering birds abundance and distribution - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-wintering-birds-abundance-and-distribution
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in the above mentioned HELCOM Monitoring manual sub-programme. |
Not relevant
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Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
Not relevant
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Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Migratory fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish |
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish |
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal abundance - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal health status - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seabed habitat physical characteristics - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/seabed-habitat-physical-characteristics
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in the above mentioned HELCOM Monitoring manual sub-programme. |
This sub-programme also refers to the monitoring which has been reported under the Water Framework Directive (Benthic fauna).
Further information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seabed habitat physical characteristics - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/seabed-habitat-physical-characteristics |
This sub-programme refers to the monitoring which has been reported under the Water Framework Directive (Benthic fauna).
Further information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Hard bottom species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/hardbottom-species .
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Habitat forming species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/habitat-forming-species-and-substrates |
This sub-programme refers to the monitoring which has been reported under the Water Framework Directive. |
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in:
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Habitats |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Species list |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Physical/Chemical features |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Pressures |
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| Q9a - Elements |
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| Q5a - GES criteria | Relevant GES criteria |
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| Q5b - GES indicators | Relevant GES indicators |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species distribution |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species population size |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species population characteristics |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species impacts |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat distribution |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat extent |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat condition (physical-chemical) |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat condition (biological) |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat impacts |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) | Pressure input |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) | Pressure output |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (activity) | Activity |
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| Q9b Parameters monitored (other) | Other | ||||||||||||||||
| Q41 Spatial scope | WFD_CW |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW |
WFD_TW |
WFD_CW |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ |
TerritorialWaters BeyondMSwaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ BeyondMSwaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ BeyondMSwaters |
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| Q4j - Description of spatial scope | HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine breeding birds abundance and distribution - http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-breeding-birds-abundance-and-distribution/
Currently the whole counting network consists of 43 selected breeding areas situated in the archipelagos along the Finnish coast. About 20-30 of the areas are counted annually, but all areas are counted at least once every third year. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine wintering birds abundance and distribution - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-wintering-birds-abundance-and-distribution |
Mass mortalities of breeding sea birds are monitored in the vicinity of breeding colonies. Therefore the monitoring is focuses on islands and islets in coastal and territorial waters. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
The sub-programme monitors in the sea the structure of the river-spawning White Fish populations, which migrate to spawn in the rivers of the Bothnian Bay. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Migratory fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal abundance - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal health status - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Hard bottom species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/hardbottom-species .
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Habitat forming species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/habitat-forming-species-and-substrates |
Siltation, dredging and selective exploitation of seabed is carried out in the coastal areas of all Finnish marine sub-basins. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
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| Marine Unit IDs |
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| Q4h - Temporal scope | Start date- End date | 1948-9999 |
1965-9999 |
1986-9999 |
1970-9999 |
1970-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1976-9999 |
1970-9999 |
1988-9999 |
1977-9999 |
1965-9999 |
1965-9999 |
2006-9999 |
2014-9999 |
1970-9999 |
1970-9999 |
| Q9h - Temporal resolution of sampling |
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| Q9c - Monitoring method | HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine breeding birds abundance and distribution - http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-breeding-birds-abundance-and-distribution/
Currently the whole counting network consists of 43 selected breeding areas situated along the Finnish coast. About 20-30 of the areas are counted annually, but all areas are counted at least once every third year. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine wintering birds abundance and distribution - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-wintering-birds-abundance-and-distribution |
The frequency of mortality events and the number of dead seabird species are recorded |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
Spawning Whitefish, migrating to rivers in September-October, are sampled from catches caught by local fishermen. Various fishing gear are used (e.g. net and fyke) to catch a few hundred individuals per river. The samplings take place 2-3 times during each spawning season. |
Sea trout parr are caught by electro fishing, after which they are tagged and released.
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Migratory fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal abundance - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal health status - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seabed habitat physical characteristics - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/seabed-habitat-physical-characteristics
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in the above mentioned HELCOM Monitoring manual sub-programme. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seabed habitat physical characteristics - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/seabed-habitat-physical-characteristics
Essential information describing this national sub-programme is available in the above mentioned HELCOM Monitoring manual sub-programme. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Hard bottom species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/hardbottom-species .
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Habitat forming species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/habitat-forming-species-and-substrates
HELCOM Combine manual. Annex C-9 Guidelines for monitoring of phytobenthic plant and animal communities in the Baltic Sea http://www.helcom.fi/stc/files/CombineManual/PartC/AnnexC9.pdf |
The level of contaminants (Hg, Cd, Cu, PAH, PCB, TBT) and the volume of dredged masses are measured as a part of monitoring of licensed activities along the Finnish coast. The volume of dredged masses are measured and the contaminant levels are determined by standard methods.The cumulative effects of selective exploitation of the seabed is also monitored within this sub-programme. Information on marine constructions and shipping is collected through licensing authorities and HELCOM. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
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| Q9d - Description of alteration to method | Finland carries out all monitoring of seals by surveys from air crafts. Finland records occasional observations of Harbour Porposes to a HELCOM database (http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/data-maps/habitat/harbour-porpoise/) |
Monitoring of shallow seabed habitats has been started in the Finnish underwater mapping program VELMU. The VELMU-program provides baseline habitat maps for the basis of future monitoring. The monitoring methods are described in the HELCOM Monitoring manual (see above). |
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| Q9e - Quality assurance |
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| Q9f - Quality control | RealandDelayedValidation |
RealandDelayedValidation |
Unknown |
RealandDelayedValidation |
RealandDelayedValidation |
Unknown |
Unknown |
RealValidation |
RealandDelayedValidation |
Unknown |
RealandDelayedValidation |
RealandDelayedValidation |
RealandDelayedValidation |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
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| Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling | Q9g - Proportion of area covered % | 100 |
100 |
15 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
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| Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling | Q9g - No. of samples | HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine breeding birds abundance and distribution - http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-breeding-birds-abundance-and-distribution/ |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine wintering birds abundance and distribution - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-wintering-birds-abundance-and-distribution |
Observations made by the public and by the birding people are collected from the whole Finnish coastal and open sea area (Aland islands
included). The bird monitoring observation network includes several important Razorbill- and tern colonies. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
Eight rivers in the Bothnian Bay. |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Migratory fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal abundance - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal health status - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna .
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seabed habitat physical characteristics - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/seabed-habitat-physical-characteristics |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna .
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seabed habitat physical characteristics - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/seabed-habitat-physical-characteristics |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Hard bottom species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/hardbottom-species .
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Habitat forming species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/seabed-habitat-distribution-and-extent/habitat-forming-species-and-substrates .
HELCOM Combine manual. Annex C-9 Guidelines for monitoring of phytobenthic plant and animal communities in the Baltic Sea http://www.helcom.fi/stc/files/CombineManual/PartC/AnnexC9.pdf |
Monitoring of all activities is done in all Finnish coastal areas (all sub-basins). |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
| Q9i - Description of sample representivity | Information on the following activities is collected at HELCOM level: RenewableEnergy, MiningSandGravel, Dredging, Ports, CablesPipelines, OffshoreStructures, Shipping and SolidWasteDisposal.
See under "Action areas" at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas |
Information on the activity Fisheries is collected at HELCOM level. See under "Action areas" at: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas |
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| Q10a - Scale for aggregation of data |
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| Q10b - Other scale for aggregation of data | Because the Baltic sea bird individuals belong to the same population, co-operation between the HELCOM states would be important. However, only a little co-operation has occurred in the Baltic Sea region so far . |
Neighboring countries do not have this sub-programme |
The only significant river spawning White Fish populations occur in the Bothnian Bay |
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| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data type | ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
ProcessedData DataProducts |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data access mechanism | LocationNationalDC |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
URLview |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data access rights | RestrictedGeneral |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - INSPIRE standard | SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
SeaRegions SpeciesDistribution |
HabitatsBiotopes SpeciesDistribution |
Geology HabitatsBiotopes SpeciesDistribution |
SpeciesDistribution |
SpeciesDistribution |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c Date data are available | 2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
2015-12 |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data update frequency | Yearly |
Yearly |
Asneeded |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
6yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
| Q10d - Description of data access | HELCOM CORE indicator - Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season: http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/indicators/abundance-of-waterbirds-in-the-wintering-season/
Data is also available upon request from the Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) - http://www.luomus.fi/en/species-distribution-and-biogeography
A summary showing the occurrence of breeding birds by species (based on the "Third Finnish Breeding Bird Atlas") is available at: http://atlas3.lintuatlas.fi/results/specieslist |
HELCOM CORE indicator - Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season: http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/indicators/abundance-of-waterbirds-in-the-wintering-season/
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine wintering birds abundance and distribution - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-wintering-birds-abundance-and-distribution |
By request
|
HELCOM CORE indicator - MARINE BIRD HEALTH: http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/indicators/white-tailed-eagle-productivity/
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
HELCOM CORE indicator - MARINE BIRD HEALTH: http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/indicators/white-tailed-eagle-productivity/
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Marine bird health - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
Data available by request from the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute - http://www.rktl.fi/english/fish/fish_resources/whitefish_in_the_1.html |
HELCOM CORE indicator - Abundance of Sea Trout spawners and parr - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Abundance_of_sea_trout_spawners_and_parr.pdf
Data on tagged fish is available by request from Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute - http://www.rktl.fi/english/fish/fish_resources/
OIVA-open data service (in Finnish): https://wwwp2.ymparisto.fi/scripts/oiva.asp
More information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Migratory fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/migratory-fish |
HELCOM CORE indicator - Abundance of key fish species - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Abundance_of_key_fish_species.pdf
HELCOM CORE indicator - Abundance of fish key functional groups - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Abundance_of_fish_key_functional_groups.pdf
Public web service on environmental information OIVA (in Finnish) - www.ymparisto.fi/oiva
More information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish |
HELCOM CORE indicator - http://helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Population_growth_rate_abundance_and_distribution_of_marine_mammals.pdf
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal abundance - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
HELCOM CORE indicator - Pregnancy rates of the marine mammals-Particular emphasis on Baltic grey and ringed seals: http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Pregnancy_rates_of_marine_mammals.pdf
HELCOM CORE indicator - Nutritional status of seals: http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Nutritional_status_of_seals.pdf
Essential information about data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Seal health status - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
HELCOM CORE indicator - State of the soft-bottom macrofauna communities - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator_State_of_the_soft-bottom_macrofauna_communities.pdf
OIVA public web portal on environmental information (in Finnish) - www.ymparisto.fi/oiva
OIVA is linked to the Finnish benthos database POHJE
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna |
HELCOM CORE indicator - State of the soft-bottom macrofauna communities - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator_State_of_the_soft-bottom_macrofauna_communities.pdf
OIVA public web portal on environmental information (in Finnish) - www.ymparisto.fi/oiva
OIVA is linked to the Finnish benthos database POHJE
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual - Sub-programme: Softbottom fauna - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-fauna |
HELCOM CORE indicator - Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator_Population_structure_of_long-lived_macrozoobenthic_species.pdf
OIVA public web portal on environmental information (in Finnish) - http://www.ymparisto.fi/oiva
OIVA is linked to the Finnish benthos database POHJE
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual:
Sub-programme: Hard bottom species - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/hardbottom-species (NOT COORDINATED)
Sub-programme: Soft bottom flora - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/benthic-community-species-distribution-and-abundance/softbottom-flora |
OIVA public web portal on environmental information (in Finnish) - http://www.ymparisto.fi/oiva |
HELCOM CORE Indicator: Abundance of key fish species - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Abundance_of_key_fish_species.pdf
HELCOM CORE Indicator: Proportion of large fish in the community - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Proportion_of_large_fish_in_the_community.pdf
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual:
- Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
- Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
HELCOM CORE Indicator: Abundance of key fish species - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Abundance_of_key_fish_species.pdf
HELCOM CORE Indicator: Proportion of large fish in the community - http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/HELCOM-CoreIndicator-Proportion_of_large_fish_in_the_community.pdf
Essential information on data access is available in the HELCOM Monitoring manual:
- Sub-programme: Coastal fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish
- Sub-programme: Offshore fish - http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/offshore-fish |
|
Descriptor |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
D1.2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monitoring strategy description |
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
|
Coverage of GES criteria |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Gaps and plans |
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
No gaps.
|
Related targets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coverage of targets |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Related measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coverage of measures |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Related monitoring programmes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Programme code |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-3 |
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-3 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
Programme name |
Seal adundance |
Seal adundance |
Seal state of health |
Seal state of health |
Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises |
Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Update type |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
New programme |
New programme |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Old programme codes |
|||||||||||||||||
Programme description |
Monitoring of the population dynamics, natural and actual range and status of grey seal and ringed seal. Abundance monitoring is conducted from aircraft. Seal bycatch data is collected from fishermen, which describes human pressure on seal mortality. |
Monitoring of the population dynamics, natural and actual range and status of grey seal and ringed seal. Abundance monitoring is conducted from aircraft. Seal bycatch data is collected from fishermen, which describes human pressure on seal mortality. |
Each year, the sub-programme monitors the age and sex structure, reproductive efficiency and health status of seal populations, in particular the nutritional status. Samples are collected from seals caught/recovered by-catches by hunters and fishermen. Most of the samples come from hunted seals.
|
Each year, the sub-programme monitors the age and sex structure, reproductive efficiency and health status of seal populations, in particular the nutritional status. Samples are collected from seals caught/recovered by-catches by hunters and fishermen. Most of the samples come from hunted seals.
|
The sub-programme monitors the presence of porpoise in Finnish territorial waters by acoustic methods in the North Baltic and Ã
land Seas, where the species is regularly present. This information is complemented by public perceptions. In addition, data are collected on the number of porpoises killed in traps, which illustrates the human impact on porpoise mortality. The objective is to collect data on the Baltic porpoise population as part of international cooperation to preserve the harbour porpoise population classified as critically endangered in the main basin.
|
The sub-programme monitors the presence of porpoise in Finnish territorial waters by acoustic methods in the North Baltic and Ã
land Seas, where the species is regularly present. This information is complemented by public perceptions. In addition, data are collected on the number of porpoises killed in traps, which illustrates the human impact on porpoise mortality. The objective is to collect data on the Baltic porpoise population as part of international cooperation to preserve the harbour porpoise population classified as critically endangered in the main basin.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
|
Monitoring purpose |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other policies and conventions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regional cooperation - coordinating body |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regional cooperation - countries involved |
DE,DK,EE,LT,LV,PL,SE |
DE,DK,EE,LT,LV,PL,SE |
SE |
SE |
DE,DK,PL,SE |
DE,DK,PL,SE |
|||||||||||
Regional cooperation - implementation level |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Monitoring details |
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/.
HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/.
HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance |
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/
HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status. |
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/
HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status. |
Acoustic monitoring and sightings by citizens.
Citizen sightings were coherently collected since 2001, pilot monitoring was started in 2011-2013 and the national monitoring started in 2016. |
Acoustic monitoring and sightings by citizens.
Citizen sightings were coherently collected since 2001, pilot monitoring was started in 2011-2013 and the national monitoring started in 2016. |
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
|
Features |
Seals
|
Seals
|
Seals
|
Adverse effects on species or habitats
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Benthic-feeding birds
|
Pelagic-feeding birds
|
Surface-feeding birds
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Seals
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Coastal ecosystems
|
Coastal ecosystems
|
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
|
Seals
|
Seals
|
Seals
|
Adverse effects on species or habitats
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Benthic-feeding birds
|
Pelagic-feeding birds
|
Surface-feeding birds
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Seals
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Coastal ecosystems
|
Coastal ecosystems
|
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
|
|
Seals
|
Seals
|
Seals
|
Adverse effects on species or habitats
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Benthic-feeding birds
|
Pelagic-feeding birds
|
Surface-feeding birds
|
Small toothed cetaceans
|
Seals
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
|
Coastal ecosystems
|
Coastal ecosystems
|
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
|
|
Seals
|
Seals
|
Seals
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Adverse effects on species or habitats
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Small toothed cetaceans
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Small toothed cetaceans
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Benthic-feeding birds
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Pelagic-feeding birds
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Surface-feeding birds
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Small toothed cetaceans
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Seals
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Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
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Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
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Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
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Coastal ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
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Elements |
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GES criteria |
D1C2 |
D1C4 |
D1C3 |
NotRelevan |
D1C2 |
D1C4 |
D1C1 |
D1C1 |
D1C1 |
D1C1 |
D1C1 |
D3C1 |
D3C2 |
D3C3 |
D4C1 |
D4C2 |
NotRelevan |
Parameters |
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Parameter Other |
Blubber thickness |
age |
age |
Abundance of Cyprinidae |
Abundance of Cyprinidae |
Fishing effort (days) |
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Spatial scope |
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Marine reporting units |
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Temporal scope (start date - end date) |
1988-9999 |
1988-9999 |
1998-9999 |
1998-9999 |
2001-9999 |
2001-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
Monitoring frequency |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Monitoring type |
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Monitoring method |
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Monitoring method other |
HELCOM:n asiantuntijaryhmä kehittää parhaillaan koko Itämeren kattavaa indikaattoria ”Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises”. Tämän indikaattorin kynnysarvoja hyvälle tilalle tai mahdollisia alaindikaattoreita ei ole vielä määritelty, mutta kansalliset merenhoidon hyvän tilan määritelmät ovat:
• Pyöriäisen levinneisyysalueen reunat ulottuvat Suomen merialueille, pl. Perämeri, ja se havaitaan vuosittain kullakin merialueella (Suomenlahti, Pohjois-Itämeri, Selkämeri, Merenkurkku, Saaristomeri ja Ahvenanmeri).
• Pyöriäisen populaation tulisi kasvaa Itämeren pääaltaalla kohti elinvoimaista populaatiokokoa. |
HELCOM:n asiantuntijaryhmä kehittää parhaillaan koko Itämeren kattavaa indikaattoria ”Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises”. Tämän indikaattorin kynnysarvoja hyvälle tilalle tai mahdollisia alaindikaattoreita ei ole vielä määritelty, mutta kansalliset merenhoidon hyvän tilan määritelmät ovat:
• Pyöriäisen levinneisyysalueen reunat ulottuvat Suomen merialueille, pl. Perämeri, ja se havaitaan vuosittain kullakin merialueella (Suomenlahti, Pohjois-Itämeri, Selkämeri, Merenkurkku, Saaristomeri ja Ahvenanmeri).
• Pyöriäisen populaation tulisi kasvaa Itämeren pääaltaalla kohti elinvoimaista populaatiokokoa. |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
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Quality control |
The calculation methods should remain constant. When factors affecting the visibility of seals can be taken into account, the overall population estimates are also reliable. The same methodology is used in all Baltic Sea countries. The stock assessment of the regime is only reliable at the level of the Baltic Sea as a whole. With a more detailed structure, the stock distribution cannot be carried out outside the hair exchange period. Elephant stock assessments and sub-stock allocation are reliable. There are four distinct core areas of occurrence in the Baltic Sea: The Bothnian Sea, the Archipelago Sea, the North Sea of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga.
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The calculation methods should remain constant. When factors affecting the visibility of seals can be taken into account, the overall population estimates are also reliable. The same methodology is used in all Baltic Sea countries. The stock assessment of the regime is only reliable at the level of the Baltic Sea as a whole. With a more detailed structure, the stock distribution cannot be carried out outside the hair exchange period. Elephant stock assessments and sub-stock allocation are reliable. There are four distinct core areas of occurrence in the Baltic Sea: The Bothnian Sea, the Archipelago Sea, the North Sea of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga.
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The methodology has been partly harmonised at HELCOM EG MAMA meetings.
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The methodology has been partly harmonised at HELCOM EG MAMA meetings.
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The acoustic monitoring method used has been proven to be reliable and widely used in other parts of the world and the results are comparable to those carried out in other Baltic Sea countries. All acoustic observations are manually verified. Visual elements shall be interviewed and the reliability of the findings assessed by the expert group before entering them into the databases.
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The acoustic monitoring method used has been proven to be reliable and widely used in other parts of the world and the results are comparable to those carried out in other Baltic Sea countries. All acoustic observations are manually verified. Visual elements shall be interviewed and the reliability of the findings assessed by the expert group before entering them into the databases.
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Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Data management |
Raw data is only available to researchers.
The seal material shall be available in the Lukeâs comparison database and public viewable and open clustered number data, with an accuracy of 50 km of ICES rectangles. For each rectangle, a multiple of the calculation times the maximum data of the detected halls shall be reported. For elephants (Fael Sea), the original data is in Swedish.
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Raw data is only available to researchers.
The seal material shall be available in the Lukeâs comparison database and public viewable and open clustered number data, with an accuracy of 50 km of ICES rectangles. For each rectangle, a multiple of the calculation times the maximum data of the detected halls shall be reported. For elephants (Fael Sea), the original data is in Swedish.
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Raw data not in publicly available.
Data to indicator: http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/106828cf-70af-4e52-b8d2-bc413c387852 |
Raw data not in publicly available.
Data to indicator: http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/106828cf-70af-4e52-b8d2-bc413c387852 |
Acoustic primary data only for researches to use
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Acoustic primary data only for researches to use
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National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
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National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
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National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
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National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
|
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
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Data access |
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Related indicator/name |
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Contact |
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama.
https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/ |
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama.
https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/ |
http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/
http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/
http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status |
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama. |
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama. |
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References |
Härkönen, T and S. G. Lunneryd 1992. Estimating abundance of ringed seals in the Bothnian Bay. Ambio 21:497-510.
Härkönen, T., O. Stenman, M. Jüssi, I. Jüssi, R. Sagitov and M. Verevkin 1998. Population size and distribution of the Baltic ringed seal (Phoca hispida botnica). In: Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) in the North Atlantic. Edited by C.Lydersen and M.P. Heide-Jørgensen. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, Vol. 1, 167–180. |
Härkönen, T and S. G. Lunneryd 1992. Estimating abundance of ringed seals in the Bothnian Bay. Ambio 21:497-510.
Härkönen, T., O. Stenman, M. Jüssi, I. Jüssi, R. Sagitov and M. Verevkin 1998. Population size and distribution of the Baltic ringed seal (Phoca hispida botnica). In: Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) in the North Atlantic. Edited by C.Lydersen and M.P. Heide-Jørgensen. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, Vol. 1, 167–180. |
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100.
Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds,
J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/
HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305.
Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15.
Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007
– alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83.
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324.
Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362.
Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703.
Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1 |
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100.
Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds,
J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/
HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305.
Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15.
Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007
– alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83.
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324.
Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362.
Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703.
Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1 |
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100.
Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds,
J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/
HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305.
Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15.
Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007
– alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83.
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324.
Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362.
Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703.
Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1 |
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100.
Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds,
J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/
HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305.
Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15.
Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007
– alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83.
Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324.
Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362.
Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703.
Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1 |