As part of EEA's ongoing security and identity management improvements, we are currently migrating the system to Entra ID authentication.
We kindly ask all users to start using Entra ID credentials when logging in to the system. 

Please note that LDAP authentication will be phased out and disabled by the end of August 2026.
We encourage you to verify that you can successfully access the system and that your account and permissions function as expected after Entra ID login.
Should you encounter any issues or require assistance during this transition, please contact Laszlo Cseh at laszlo.cseh@eaudeweb.ro 
Thank you for your cooperation and support.
As part of EEA's ongoing security and identity management improvements, we are currently migrating the system to Entra ID authentication.
We kindly ask all users to start using Entra ID credentials when logging in to the system. 

Please note that LDAP authentication will be phased out and disabled by the end of August 2026.
We encourage you to verify that you can successfully access the system and that your account and permissions function as expected after Entra ID login.
Should you encounter any issues or require assistance during this transition, please contact Laszlo Cseh at laszlo.cseh@eaudeweb.ro 
Thank you for your cooperation and support.

Member State report / Art11 / 2014-2020 / D1-M / Finland / Baltic Sea

Report type Member State report to Commission
MSFD Article Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates)
Report due 2014-10-15; 2020-10-15
GES Descriptor D1 Mammals
Member State Finland
Region/subregion Baltic Sea
Reported by Reporter not found
Report date -; 2020-10-31
Report access
2014 data
2020 data
Monitoring programme Monitoring programme name
Monitoring programme Reference existing programme
Monitoring programme Marine Unit ID
Q4e - Programme ID
Q4f - Programme description
Q5e - Natural variability
Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES Q5d - Adequate data
Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES Q5d - Established methods
Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES Q5d - Adequate understanding of GES
Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES Q5d - Adequate capacity
Q5f - Description of programme for GES assessment
Q5g - Gap-filling date for GES assessment
Q5h - Plans to implement monitoring for GES assessment
Q6a -Relevant targets Q6a - Environmental target
Q6a -Relevant targets Q6a - Associated indicator
Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets Q6b_SuitableData
Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets Q6b_EstablishedMethods
Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets Q6d_AdequateCapacity
Q6c - Target updating
Q6d - Description of programme for targets assessment
Q6e - Gap-filling date for targets assessment
Q6f - Plans to implement monitoring for targets assessment
Q7a - Relevant activities
Q7b - Description of monitoring of activities
Q7c - Relevant measures
Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures Q7d - Adequate data
Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures Q7d - Established methods
Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures Q7d - Adequate understanding of GES
Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures Q7d - Adequate capacity
Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures Q7d - Addresses activities and pressures
Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures Q7d - Addresses effectiveness of measures
Q7d - Description of monitoring for measures
Q7f - Gap-filling date for activities and measures
Q8a - Links to existing Monitoring Programmes
Reference sub-programme Sub-programme ID
Reference sub-programme Sub-programme name
Q4g - Sub-programmes Sub-programme ID
Q4g - Sub-programmes Sub-programme name
Q4k - Monitoring purpose
Q4l - Links of monitoring programmes of other Directives and Conventions
Q5c - Features Q5c - Habitats
Q5c - Features Q5c - Species list
Q5c - Features Q5c - Physical/Chemical features
Q5c - Features Q5c - Pressures
Q9a - Elements
Q5a - GES criteria Relevant GES criteria
Q5b - GES indicators Relevant GES indicators
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Species distribution
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Species population size
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Species population characteristics
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Species impacts
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Habitat distribution
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Habitat extent
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Habitat condition (physical-chemical)
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Habitat condition (biological)
Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) Habitat impacts
Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) Pressure input
Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) Pressure output
Q9b - Parameters monitored (activity) Activity
Q9b Parameters monitored (other) Other
Q41 Spatial scope
Q4j - Description of spatial scope
Marine Unit IDs
Q4h - Temporal scope Start date- End date
Q9h - Temporal resolution of sampling
Q9c - Monitoring method
Q9d - Description of alteration to method
Q9e - Quality assurance
Q9f - Quality control
Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling Q9g - Proportion of area covered %
Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling Q9g - No. of samples
Q9i - Description of sample representivity
Q10a - Scale for aggregation of data
Q10b - Other scale for aggregation of data
Q10c - Access to monitoring data Q10c - Data type
Q10c - Access to monitoring data Q10c - Data access mechanism
Q10c - Access to monitoring data Q10c - Data access rights
Q10c - Access to monitoring data Q10c - INSPIRE standard
Q10c - Access to monitoring data Q10c Date data are available
Q10c - Access to monitoring data Q10c - Data update frequency
Q10d - Description of data access
Descriptor
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
D1.2
Monitoring strategy description
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
The third sub-programme will provide information on the distribution and abundance of the porpoise. The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3), 4 (criteria D4C1, D4C2 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Information on the death of seals in fishing gear is also provided.
Coverage of GES criteria
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Gaps and plans
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
No gaps.
Related targets
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
  • LUVAyleinen
  • TIETO1
Coverage of targets
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Related measures
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
  • BALFI-M026-HABIT - 'HABIT2 - Action plans for endangered species and habitats'
  • BALFI-M028-HABIT - 'HABIT4 - Draft and implement measures related to conservation of the Baltic Ringed Seal'
  • BALFI-M029-INFO - 'INFO1-Communication related to the objectives and measures for marine resource management'
Coverage of measures
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014
Related monitoring programmes
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
  • 04
  • 06mam-1
  • 06mam-2
  • 06mam-3
  • BALFI-d01
  • BALFI-d03-2
Programme code
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-1
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-1
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-2
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-2
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-3
BALFI-D01,04,06mam-3
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
BALFI-D03-2
Programme name
Seal adundance
Seal adundance
Seal state of health
Seal state of health
Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises
Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Commercial fisheries catch statistics
Update type
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
New programme
New programme
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Same programme as in 2014
Old programme codes
Programme description
Monitoring of the population dynamics, natural and actual range and status of grey seal and ringed seal. Abundance monitoring is conducted from aircraft. Seal bycatch data is collected from fishermen, which describes human pressure on seal mortality.
Monitoring of the population dynamics, natural and actual range and status of grey seal and ringed seal. Abundance monitoring is conducted from aircraft. Seal bycatch data is collected from fishermen, which describes human pressure on seal mortality.
Each year, the sub-programme monitors the age and sex structure, reproductive efficiency and health status of seal populations, in particular the nutritional status. Samples are collected from seals caught/recovered by-catches by hunters and fishermen. Most of the samples come from hunted seals.
Each year, the sub-programme monitors the age and sex structure, reproductive efficiency and health status of seal populations, in particular the nutritional status. Samples are collected from seals caught/recovered by-catches by hunters and fishermen. Most of the samples come from hunted seals.
The sub-programme monitors the presence of porpoise in Finnish territorial waters by acoustic methods in the North Baltic and Åland Seas, where the species is regularly present. This information is complemented by public perceptions. In addition, data are collected on the number of porpoises killed in traps, which illustrates the human impact on porpoise mortality. The objective is to collect data on the Baltic porpoise population as part of international cooperation to preserve the harbour porpoise population classified as critically endangered in the main basin.
The sub-programme monitors the presence of porpoise in Finnish territorial waters by acoustic methods in the North Baltic and Åland Seas, where the species is regularly present. This information is complemented by public perceptions. In addition, data are collected on the number of porpoises killed in traps, which illustrates the human impact on porpoise mortality. The objective is to collect data on the Baltic porpoise population as part of international cooperation to preserve the harbour porpoise population classified as critically endangered in the main basin.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
Monitoring purpose
  • Environmental state and impacts
  • Environmental state and impacts
  • Environmental state and impacts
  • Environmental state and impacts
  • Environmental state and impacts
  • Environmental state and impacts
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
  • Human activities causing the pressures
  • Pressures in the marine environment
Other policies and conventions
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Habitats Directive
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Habitats Directive
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Habitats Directive
  • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Habitats Directive
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
  • Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
  • HELCOM Monitoring programmes
Regional cooperation - coordinating body
  • HELCOM
  • HELCOM
  • HELCOM
  • HELCOM
  • HELCOM
  • HELCOM
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
  • HELCOM
  • Other
Regional cooperation - countries involved
DE,DK,EE,LT,LV,PL,SE
DE,DK,EE,LT,LV,PL,SE
SE
SE
DE,DK,PL,SE
DE,DK,PL,SE
Regional cooperation - implementation level
Coordinated data collection
Coordinated data collection
Coordinated data collection
Coordinated data collection
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Agreed data collection methods
Monitoring details
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/. HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/. HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/seals-abundance
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/ HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status.
FINLAND: https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/hylkeiden-kanta-arvioinnin-menetelmat/ HELCOM: http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status.
Acoustic monitoring and sightings by citizens. Citizen sightings were coherently collected since 2001, pilot monitoring was started in 2011-2013 and the national monitoring started in 2016.
Acoustic monitoring and sightings by citizens. Citizen sightings were coherently collected since 2001, pilot monitoring was started in 2011-2013 and the national monitoring started in 2016.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Fishermens’ reporting to authorities.
Features
Seals
Seals
Seals
Adverse effects on species or habitats
Small toothed cetaceans
Small toothed cetaceans
Benthic-feeding birds
Pelagic-feeding birds
Surface-feeding birds
Small toothed cetaceans
Seals
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Coastal ecosystems
Coastal ecosystems
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
Seals
Seals
Seals
Adverse effects on species or habitats
Small toothed cetaceans
Small toothed cetaceans
Benthic-feeding birds
Pelagic-feeding birds
Surface-feeding birds
Small toothed cetaceans
Seals
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Coastal ecosystems
Coastal ecosystems
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
Seals
Seals
Seals
Adverse effects on species or habitats
Small toothed cetaceans
Small toothed cetaceans
Benthic-feeding birds
Pelagic-feeding birds
Surface-feeding birds
Small toothed cetaceans
Seals
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Coastal ecosystems
Coastal ecosystems
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
Seals
Seals
Seals
Adverse effects on species or habitats
Small toothed cetaceans
Small toothed cetaceans
Benthic-feeding birds
Pelagic-feeding birds
Surface-feeding birds
Small toothed cetaceans
Seals
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish
Coastal ecosystems
Coastal ecosystems
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
Elements
  • Halichoerus grypus
  • Pusa hispida
  • Halichoerus grypus
  • Pusa hispida
  • Halichoerus grypus
  • Pusa hispida
  • Halichoerus grypus
  • Pusa hispida
  • Phocoena phocoena
  • Phocoena phocoena
  • Benthic-feeding birds (grouped)
  • Pelagic-feeding birds (grouped)
  • Surface-feeding birds (grouped)
  • Phocoena phocoena
  • Halichoerus grypus
  • Pusa hispida
  • Esox spp.
  • Perca fluviatilis
  • Sander lucioperca
  • Esox spp.
  • Perca fluviatilis
  • Sander lucioperca
  • Esox spp.
  • Perca fluviatilis
  • Sander lucioperca
  • Fish community
  • Fish community
  • Not Applicable
GES criteria
D1C2
D1C4
D1C3
NotRelevan
D1C2
D1C4
D1C1
D1C1
D1C1
D1C1
D1C1
D3C1
D3C2
D3C3
D4C1
D4C2
NotRelevan
Parameters
  • Abundance (number of individuals)
  • Distribution (range)
  • Fecundity (breeding rate)
  • Blubber thickness
  • Abundance (number of individuals)
  • Distribution (range)
  • Mortality (weight/volume; number of individuals)
  • Mortality (weight/volume; number of individuals)
  • Mortality (weight/volume; number of individuals)
  • Mortality (weight/volume; number of individuals)
  • Mortality (weight/volume; number of individuals)
  • Mortality (weight/volume; number of individuals)
  • Biomass of Spawning Stock (SSB)
  • Size distribution
  • Other
  • Abundance (number of individuals)
  • Other
Parameter Other
Blubber thickness
age
age
Abundance of Cyprinidae
Abundance of Cyprinidae
Fishing effort (days)
Spatial scope
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
  • EEZ (or similar)
Marine reporting units
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
  • BAL-FI-AS
  • BAL-FI-BB
  • BAL-FI-BS
  • BAL-FI-GF
  • BAL-FI-NB
  • BAL-FI-QK
Temporal scope (start date - end date)
1988-9999
1988-9999
1998-9999
1998-9999
2001-9999
2001-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
1980-9999
Monitoring frequency
Yearly
Yearly
Yearly
Yearly
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Continually
Monitoring type
  • Remote flight imagery
  • Remote flight imagery
  • In-situ sampling coastal
  • In-situ sampling coastal
  • Other
  • Other
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
  • Administrative data collection
Monitoring method
  • HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring seal abundance and distribution in the HELCOM area
  • HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring seal abundance and distribution in the HELCOM area
  • HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring reproductive status of seals in the HELCOM area
  • HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring reproductive status of seals in the HELCOM area
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
  • Other monitoring method
Monitoring method other
HELCOM:n asiantuntijaryhmä kehittää parhaillaan koko Itämeren kattavaa indikaattoria ”Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises”. Tämän indikaattorin kynnysarvoja hyvälle tilalle tai mahdollisia alaindikaattoreita ei ole vielä määritelty, mutta kansalliset merenhoidon hyvän tilan määritelmät ovat: • Pyöriäisen levinneisyysalueen reunat ulottuvat Suomen merialueille, pl. Perämeri, ja se havaitaan vuosittain kullakin merialueella (Suomenlahti, Pohjois-Itämeri, Selkämeri, Merenkurkku, Saaristomeri ja Ahvenanmeri). • Pyöriäisen populaation tulisi kasvaa Itämeren pääaltaalla kohti elinvoimaista populaatiokokoa.
HELCOM:n asiantuntijaryhmä kehittää parhaillaan koko Itämeren kattavaa indikaattoria ”Abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises”. Tämän indikaattorin kynnysarvoja hyvälle tilalle tai mahdollisia alaindikaattoreita ei ole vielä määritelty, mutta kansalliset merenhoidon hyvän tilan määritelmät ovat: • Pyöriäisen levinneisyysalueen reunat ulottuvat Suomen merialueille, pl. Perämeri, ja se havaitaan vuosittain kullakin merialueella (Suomenlahti, Pohjois-Itämeri, Selkämeri, Merenkurkku, Saaristomeri ja Ahvenanmeri). • Pyöriäisen populaation tulisi kasvaa Itämeren pääaltaalla kohti elinvoimaista populaatiokokoa.
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control
The calculation methods should remain constant. When factors affecting the visibility of seals can be taken into account, the overall population estimates are also reliable. The same methodology is used in all Baltic Sea countries. The stock assessment of the regime is only reliable at the level of the Baltic Sea as a whole. With a more detailed structure, the stock distribution cannot be carried out outside the hair exchange period. Elephant stock assessments and sub-stock allocation are reliable. There are four distinct core areas of occurrence in the Baltic Sea: The Bothnian Sea, the Archipelago Sea, the North Sea of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga.
The calculation methods should remain constant. When factors affecting the visibility of seals can be taken into account, the overall population estimates are also reliable. The same methodology is used in all Baltic Sea countries. The stock assessment of the regime is only reliable at the level of the Baltic Sea as a whole. With a more detailed structure, the stock distribution cannot be carried out outside the hair exchange period. Elephant stock assessments and sub-stock allocation are reliable. There are four distinct core areas of occurrence in the Baltic Sea: The Bothnian Sea, the Archipelago Sea, the North Sea of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga.
The methodology has been partly harmonised at HELCOM EG MAMA meetings.
The methodology has been partly harmonised at HELCOM EG MAMA meetings.
The acoustic monitoring method used has been proven to be reliable and widely used in other parts of the world and the results are comparable to those carried out in other Baltic Sea countries. All acoustic observations are manually verified. Visual elements shall be interviewed and the reliability of the findings assessed by the expert group before entering them into the databases.
The acoustic monitoring method used has been proven to be reliable and widely used in other parts of the world and the results are comparable to those carried out in other Baltic Sea countries. All acoustic observations are manually verified. Visual elements shall be interviewed and the reliability of the findings assessed by the expert group before entering them into the databases.
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control — https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Quality control - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
Data management
Raw data is only available to researchers. The seal material shall be available in the Luke’s comparison database and public viewable and open clustered number data, with an accuracy of 50 km of ICES rectangles. For each rectangle, a multiple of the calculation times the maximum data of the detected halls shall be reported. For elephants (Fael Sea), the original data is in Swedish.
Raw data is only available to researchers. The seal material shall be available in the Luke’s comparison database and public viewable and open clustered number data, with an accuracy of 50 km of ICES rectangles. For each rectangle, a multiple of the calculation times the maximum data of the detected halls shall be reported. For elephants (Fael Sea), the original data is in Swedish.
Raw data not in publicly available. Data to indicator: http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/106828cf-70af-4e52-b8d2-bc413c387852
Raw data not in publicly available. Data to indicator: Http://metadata.helcom.fi/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/106828cf-70af-4e52-b8d2-bc413c387852
Acoustic primary data only for researches to use
Acoustic primary data only for researches to use
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta. Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
Data access
Related indicator/name
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-ABUNDANCE
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-DISTRIBUTION
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAL
  • HELCOM-DIST_SEAL
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-ABUNDANCE
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-DISTRIBUTION
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAL
  • HELCOM-DIST_SEAL
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-BREEDING
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-NUTRITION
  • HELCOM-NUTRI_SEAL
  • HELCOM-REPROD_SEAL
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-BREEDING
  • BAL-FI-IND-SEAL-NUTRITION
  • HELCOM-NUTRI_SEAL
  • HELCOM-REPROD_SEAL
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
  • BAL-FI-IND-PERCH-PIKEPERCH
  • HELCOM-ABU-SALMONS_SMOLT
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_GROUPS
  • HELCOM-ABU_CF_KEY
  • HELCOM-ABU_SEAT_PARR
  • HELCOM-BYCATCH
Contact
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama. https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama. https://www.luke.fi/tietoa-luonnonvaroista/riista/hylkeet/
http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/ http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status
http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/ http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/mammals/health-status
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama.
http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/groups/state-and-conservation/eg-mama.
References
Härkönen, T and S. G. Lunneryd 1992. Estimating abundance of ringed seals in the Bothnian Bay. Ambio 21:497-510. Härkönen, T., O. Stenman, M. Jüssi, I. Jüssi, R. Sagitov and M. Verevkin 1998. Population size and distribution of the Baltic ringed seal (Phoca hispida botnica). In: Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) in the North Atlantic. Edited by C.Lydersen and M.P. Heide-Jørgensen. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, Vol. 1, 167–180.
Härkönen, T and S. G. Lunneryd 1992. Estimating abundance of ringed seals in the Bothnian Bay. Ambio 21:497-510. Härkönen, T., O. Stenman, M. Jüssi, I. Jüssi, R. Sagitov and M. Verevkin 1998. Population size and distribution of the Baltic ringed seal (Phoca hispida botnica). In: Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) in the North Atlantic. Edited by C.Lydersen and M.P. Heide-Jørgensen. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, Vol. 1, 167–180.
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100. Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds, J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/ HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305. Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15. Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007 – alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83. Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324. Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362. Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703. Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100. Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds, J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/ HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305. Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15. Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007 – alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83. Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324. Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362. Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703. Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100. Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds, J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/ HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305. Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15. Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007 – alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83. Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324. Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362. Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703. Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1
Boyd, I. L. 1984. Development and regression of the corpus luteum in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) ovaries and its use in determining fertility rates. – Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 1095 –1100. Boyd, I. L., Lockyer, C. & Marsh, H. D. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. – In: Reynolds, J. E. & Rommel, S. A. (eds.), Biology of marine mammals: 218 –286. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. HELCOM, 2018a. Reproductive status of marine mammals. HELCOM core indicator report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/indicators/reproductive-status-of-seals/ HELCOM, 2018b. Nutritional status of seals. HELCOM Core Indicator Report. Online. http://www.helcom.fi/Core%20Indicators/Nutritional%20status%20of%20seals%20HELCOM%20core%20indicator%202018.pdf Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 49: 287– 305. Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Hallisaaliin määrä ja rakenne Suomen merialueilla. – Suomen Riista 58: 7–15. Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Hallien ravinto Suomen merialueilla 2001–2007 – alustava selvitys. – Suomen Riista 57: 73 – 83. Kauhala, K., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014: Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324. Kauhala, K., Bäcklin, B-M., Harding, K. & Raitaniemi, J. 2017: The effect of prey quality and ice conditions on the nutritional status of Baltic gray seals of different age groups. – Mammal Research 62: 351‒362. Kauhala, K., Korpinen, S., Lehtiniemi, M. & Raitaniemi, J. 2019: Reproductive rate of a top predator, the grey seal, as an indicator of the changes in the Baltic food web. – Ecological Indicators 102: 693–703. Kauhala, K. & Kurkilahti, M. 2019: Delayed effects of pup environment on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey sealsMammal Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00454-1