Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Physico-chemical, chlorophyll and phytoplankton monitoring of Irish estuaries is undertaken once during winter and 3 times during the productive period between May and September. Samples for the analysis of chlorophyll and nutrients are collected using a 2-litre Hydrobios Ruttner bottle at the surface and 0.5 m above the bottom. Dissolved Oxygen saturation together with temperature, salinity and depth are recorded using a Hydrolab datasonde CTD. Where possible stations are monitored twice during the day to capture tidal variation. Samples for the measurement of chlorophyll, are filtered using Whatman GF/C glassfibre filters and stored overnight in the dark to prevent photo-degradation. Pigments are measured using fluorometry. The frequency, composition and intensity of phytoplankton blooms are also monitored. Ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen and molybdate reactive phosphorus are measured according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2005). In specific water bodies where opportunistic green macroalgae occur these are also monitored. This is undertaken using a protocol developed to comply with the Water Framework Directive requirements for monitoring and assessing elevated growths of macroalgae in estuarine and coastal waters (Scanlan et al. 2007). In situ surveys of opportunistic macroalgal blooms in each water body are undertaken once annually during the period of peak growth (June–September). In specific areas, the monitoring of macroalgae takes place and consists of two elements, a quantitative assessment of rocky shore seaweed communities using a reduced species list and an evaluation of the extent and abundance of attached opportunistic algal blooms. Seagrass communities are known to respond to environmental pressures such as increased nutrient loading and physical disturbance. An Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) based on the taxonomic composition, spatial extent and bed density has been developed for WFD assessment. This is applied only in areas where seagrass beds are found and are thought to respond to nutrient pressures (Wilkes et al., 2017). Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates is assessed using the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI). This multi-metric index was developed by the UK-Ireland Benthic Invertebrate subgroup of the UK-Ireland Marine Task Team. The IQI describes ecological status based on the composition and abundance of soft sediment infaunal communities.

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).

Marine Institute – sampling and analytical methods Annual winter nutrient sampling is carried out in January/February on board the RV Celtic Voyager for coastal surveys and on the RV Celtic Explorer for surveys across the shelf and the Rockall Trough. Over the last two decades, the sampling programme has evolved with coverage initially focusing on the Western Irish Sea but subsequently extending into the Celtic Sea. The current winter environmental programme includes sampling for dissolved inorganic nutrients around the entire Irish coast (coastal water focus) biennially, along with a number of offshore transects completed. Nutrients samples are also collected during Celtic Voyager hydrographic surveys along 53 Degrees N (shelf) and across the Rockall Trough. Actual winter sampling is highly weather dependent. Given the weather dependence and evolution of sampling approaches, caution must be exercised in comparing summary results from year to year for given areas. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Ireland has one atmospheric monitoring station reporting data under the OSPAR CAMP situated in Valentia (51º56' N 10º15' W). The monitoring protocol followed is in line with OSPAR CAMP principles. These data contribute to regional and sub-regional assessments as carried out via OSPAR. The data complement additional modelling-based estimates to give depositions for the North East Atlantic area. Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID) Riverine samples for physico-chemical parameters are taken monthly to align with the national Water Framework Directive monitoring programme. Samples are returned directly to the laboratory on the day of sampling or the following morning by courier and analysed within 24 hours of collection. Samples are analysed for nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) and metals (Cadmium, Mercury, lead Copper, Zinc) and PAH which are reported under Descriptor 8 (contaminants). Continuous monitoring data from hydrometric stations enables the determination of discharge flows from 19 of the largest Irish catchments. The loads of the different substances are calculated as the product of the flow-weighted annual mean concentration and the annual flow, in accordance with the RID principles (OSPAR 1998).