MS/Art8/2018/D1-B/Italy/Mediterranean: Western Mediterranean Sea

Member State report / Art8 / 2018 / D1-B / Italy / Mediterranean: Western Mediterranean Sea

Report type	Member State report to Commission
MSFD Article	Art. 8 Initial assessment (and Art. 17 updates)
Report due	2018-10-15
GES Descriptor	D1 Birds
Member State	Italy
Region/subregion	Mediterranean: Western Mediterranean Sea
Reported by	ISPRA - Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research
Report date	2020-10-01
Report access	MSFD_2018_ART8_GES_IT_2020-07-31.xml

Mediterranean Sea: Western Mediterranean Sea (IT-WMS-0001)

Simplified table

GES component	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B	D1-B
Feature	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Benthic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Pelagic-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds	Surface-feeding birds
Element	Gavia arctica	Gavia arctica	Gavia arctica	Gavia stellata	Gavia stellata	Gavia stellata	Melanitta fusca	Melanitta fusca	Melanitta fusca	Melanitta nigra	Melanitta nigra	Melanitta nigra	Mergus serrator	Mergus serrator	Mergus serrator	Phalacrocorax aristotelis	Phalacrocorax aristotelis	Phalacrocorax aristotelis	Phalacrocorax aristotelis	Podiceps nigricollis	Podiceps nigricollis	Podiceps nigricollis	Somateria mollissima	Somateria mollissima	Somateria mollissima	Calonectris diomedea	Calonectris diomedea	Calonectris diomedea	Calonectris diomedea	Puffinus yelkouan	Puffinus yelkouan	Puffinus yelkouan	Puffinus yelkouan	Hydrobates pelagicus	Hydrobates pelagicus	Hydrobates pelagicus	Hydrobates pelagicus	Larus audouinii	Larus audouinii	Larus audouinii	Larus audouinii
Element code	137186	137186	137186	137188	137188	137188	137072	137072	137072	137073	137073	137073	159098	159098	159098	137178	137178	137178	137178	137184	137184	137184	137074	137074	137074	137194	137194	137194	137194	137204	137204	137204	137204	137189	137189	137189	137189	137139	137139	137139	137139
Element code source	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/	Species (D1) http://www.marinespecies.org/
Element 2
Element 2 code
Element 2 code source
Element source	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	Other	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region	MS in (sub)region
Criterion	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C3	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C3	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C3	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C3	D1C4	D1C1	D1C2	D1C3	D1C4
Parameter	Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Other	Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance	Other	Other	Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance	Other	Other	Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)			Other	Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)	Abundance		Other
Parameter other																			Distribution of breeding colonies									Annual breeding success (fledged juvs/pair)	Distribution of breeding colonies			Annual breeding success (fledged juvs/pair)	Distribution of breeding colonies				Distribution of breeding colonies				Distribution of breeding colonies
Threshold value upper																	2100.0		38.0									0.69	55.0			0.75	35.0				5.0		933.0		14.0
Threshold value lower																	1500.0		38.0									0.69	55.0			0.75	35.0				5.0		764.0		10.0
Threshold qualitative																			the threshold is represented by the number of known and monitored main colonies
Threshold value source																	Other (specify)		Other (specify)									Other (specify)	Other (specify)			Other (specify)	Other (specify)				Other (specify)		Other (specify)		Other (specify)
Threshold value source other																	threshold represented by the Population estimate from 147/2009/CE Birds Directive Italian report 2015		Number of known active breeding colonies									Scientific literature [Igual et al. 2009. Plos One 4(3): e4826]	the threshold is represented by the number of known and monitored colonies			Species International Action Plan, 2018	the threshold is represented by the number of known and monitored colonies				the threshold is represented by the number of known and monitored colonies		Population estimate in 1998 and 1999, from National Action Plan (2001)		Number of breeding colonies in 1999 and 2000 (years of maximum national coverage), from National Action Plan (2001)
Value achieved upper		60.0			13.0			30.0			27.0			123.0			349.0		8.0		733.0			82.0			1279.0	0.85	16.0		13856.0	0.96	12.0				5.0		642.0		16.0
Value achieved lower		12.0						5.0			4.0			59.0			322.0		8.0		198.0			37.0			557.0	0.65	16.0		10240.0		12.0				5.0		1117.0		10.0
Value unit		(number of) individuals			(number of) individuals			(number of) individuals			(number of) individuals			(number of) individuals			Other		Other		(number of) individuals			(number of) individuals			Other	Other	Other		Other	Other	Other				Other		Other		Other
Value unit other																	Breeding Pairs		Number of monitored breeding colonies								Breeding Pairs	Breeding success (Chicks per pair)	Number of monitored breeding colonies		Breeding Pairs	Breeding success	Number of breeding colonies				Number of breeding colonies		Breeding Pairs		Number of breeding colonies
Proportion threshold value		100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0		100.0		100.0			100.0			100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0				100.0		100.0		100.0
Proportion value achieved																												2.0			-1.0	20.0
Proportion threshold value unit		% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value		% of population achieving threshold value		% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value			% of population achieving threshold value	% of samples achieving threshold value	% of population achieving threshold value		% of population achieving threshold value	% of samples achieving threshold value	% of population achieving threshold value				% of population achieving threshold value		% of population achieving threshold value		% of population achieving threshold value
Trend	Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown		Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Deteriorating	Improving	Unknown	Unknown			Stable	Unknown	Stable		Stable
Parameter achieved	Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed		Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	No	Not assessed	Not assessed			Yes	Not assessed	Yes		Yes
Description parameter
Related indicator		IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD		National		IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD			IT-MSFD-2018-D1-SEABIRD	National	National		National	National	National				National		National		National
Criteria status	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Good, based on low risk	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Good	Not assessed	Good	Not assessed	Good
Description criteria		criterion under development			Indicator under development			criterion under development			criterion under development			criterion under development			Not assessed because of data deficiency		Not assessed because of data deficiency		criterion under development			criterion under development			Not assessed because of data deficiency	Not assessed because of data deficiency. Trend unknown because of unrepresentative sample size	Not assessed because of data deficiency		Not assessed because of data deficiency. Deterioration based on a subsample of the breeding population	Breeding success improving due to ongoing eradication of Black Rat from some colonies	Not assessed because of data deficiency		Not assessed because of data deficiency	Not assessed because of data deficiency
Element status	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed	Not assessed
Description element							International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)	International Waterbird Census (Italy)															Breeding success improving due to ongoing eradication of Black Rat from some colonies	Breeding success improving due to ongoing eradication of Black Rat from some colonies	Breeding success improving due to ongoing eradication of Black Rat from some colonies	Breeding success improving due to ongoing eradication of Black Rat from some colonies
Integration rule type parameter	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant
Integration rule description parameter
Integration rule type criteria
Integration rule description criteria
GES extent threshold
GES extent achieved
GES extent unit
GES achieved	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported	GES expected to be achieved later than 2020, no Article 14 exception reported
Description overall status
Assessments period	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017	2012-2017
Related pressures	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species	Acute pollution events Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) Input or spread of non-indigenous species
Related targets	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1	T1.1