It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

It is estimated that a large portion (58 percent) of the seabed in the Southern North Sea is medium to heavily affected by physical disturbance caused by bottom-disturbing fishing. The impact varies by habitat, but most habitat types are estimated to be at least 30 percent medium affected. In the Dutch North Sea, the impact from sand extraction is limited (a maximum of 0.3 percent of sandy habitat types). This assessment is qualitative, as no threshold has yet been established for the impacted status. Therefore, the status is unknown.

Criterion D6C4 considers loss by habitat type. The EU threshold value entails a maximum acceptable loss of 2 per cent per BHT. According to the OSPAR analysis, in the Dutch part of the North Sea there is surface loss of off-shore circalittoral silty habitat only. This loss due to bottom trawling amounts to 1.5 per cent. The habitat type occurs on and around the Central Oyster Grounds, Friese Front and Cleaver Bank. An additional national analysis shows that the area of loss due to the presence of structures (pipelines, platforms and wind turbines) and loss due to sand extraction (including deepened unloading docks) and deepening of shipping channels has been limited to a maximum of 0.56 per cent per broad habitat type. The loss of broad habitat types in the Dutch part of the North Sea thus remains below the threshold value of 2 percent and meets the standard for good environmental status for this criterion.

The BISI indicator shows that several typical, sensitive and key species are widely absent or occur in lower densities than would be expected under good conditions. No thresholds have yet been agreed upon for the BISI indicator. Therefore, the reported results are only indicative.

Disruption of the seabed due to sand extraction covers 0.1 percent of the Dutch part of the North Sea.

Bottom-disturbing fishing is widespread and by far the most important cause of disturbance: 66 percent (136420 km2) of the bottom of the Southern North Sea is subject to moderate to high fishing pressure.

Construction of wind turbines, platforms and pipelines leads to physical loss of the seabed through capping (sealed loss). Land reclamation also leads to sealed loss, but there were no initiatives in the last plan period. Bottom-fishing and resource extraction can also lead to loss of habitat (unsealed loss). This happens when intensive use substantially changes the sediment composition, causing the existing broad habitat type to change to another broad habitat type (BHT). According to OSPAR, physical loss of the seabed (criterion D6C1) in the Dutch part of the North Sea amounts to 201 km2 (out of 58,807 km2 ), or 0.34 per cent, which is almost entirely due to bottom trawling. An additional, more detailed national analysis shows that on top of this, 82 km2 (0.14 per cent) was lost due to other activities, such as the construction of navigation channels, which mainly took place in previous planning periods of the MSFD. In the last planning period, the loss barely increased.

The 2021 WFD assessment of all coastal water bodies is good, indicating an improvement for four of the five water bodies. These five coastal waters together form the coastal strip extending up to 1 nautical mile from the coast and therefore represent only a very small portion (2.4 percent) of the Dutch part of the North Sea. Translated into broad habitat types, this primarily concerns circalittoral sand and, to a lesser extent, infralittoral sand.

The 2021 WFD assessment of all coastal water bodies is good, indicating an improvement for four of the five water bodies. These five coastal waters together form the coastal strip extending up to 1 nautical mile from the coast and therefore represent only a very small portion (2.4 percent) of the Dutch part of the North Sea. Translated into broad habitat types, this primarily concerns circalittoral sand and, to a lesser extent, infralittoral sand.