Não se registaram ocorrências de captura acidental nos vários programas de observação de pesca dos Açores (Fonte: dados reportados ao ICES WG BYC 2017-2021).

Marine mammals are highly migratory and their ecological range and distribution are much broader than the biogeographical region (at the river basin scale). It was estimated as equivalent to the total area of the marine territory of the Azores (as calculated by the reporting grids to the Habitats Directive)

The extent and quality of the Azores Sea habitat do not seem to limit the animal species of megafauna to GES, but there are several species whose life cycle does not entirely follow in the sub-division of the Azores and an assessment of the habitat condition requires an adequate mapping, either in distance to the coast or in depth, and an integrated understanding of the state of the associated communities and species. Additional efforts for a coherent classification of marine habitats, supported by an appropriate mapping, are essential for a habitat assessment, taking into account variations over the gradient of coast and depth (coastal, platform and deep-sea habitat). The assessment of the habitat condition requires an integrated understanding of the status of the associated communities and species, consistent with the requirements laid down in Directive 92/43/EEC (1992) and in Council Directive 2009/147/EC (2009), including, where appropriate, an assessment of their functional characteristics. The explanation given for the unsuitability of criterion D1C4 also applies to D1C5 (MISIC SEAS II Consortium, 2018). JCC II consortium (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report (TRWP2) ? Applying a sub-regional close and coordinated approach to the monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity in Macaronesia for the second cycle of the MSFD. WP2 ? Towards a co-beneficiary update of initial assessment, GES and targets, Task 2.1. Update of the Initial Assessment and Task 2.2. Finding common GES and Environmental Targets for the Macaronesia GA No 11.0661/2017/750679/SUB/ENV.C2., Brussels, 132pp

Não se registaram ocorrências de captura acidental nos vários programas de observação de pesca dos Açores (Fonte: dados reportados ao ICES WG BYC 2017-2021).

D1C2 ? MM_ABU_CMR: The only abundance estimates available for risae were those of the ?island associated with the island? in the southern island of Pico, which was provided by the Fondation Nova Atlantis (http://www.nova-atlantis.org). 452 individuals have been estimated (95 % CI

D1C3 ? MM_ABU_SR: The only estimates of survival rates available for risae were those of the ?island associated with the island? in the southern island of Pico, which was provided by the Fondation Nova Atlantis (http://www.nova-atlantis.org). It was estimated at 0,94 (95 % CI

Marine mammals are highly migratory and their ecological range and distribution are much broader than the biogeographical region (at the river basin scale). It was estimated as equivalent to the total area of the marine territory of the Azores (as calculated by the reporting grids to the Habitats Directive)

The extent and quality of the Azores Sea habitat do not seem to limit the animal species of megafauna to GES, but there are several species whose life cycle does not entirely follow in the sub-division of the Azores and an assessment of the habitat condition requires an adequate mapping, either in distance to the coast or in depth, and an integrated understanding of the state of the associated communities and species. Additional efforts for a coherent classification of marine habitats, supported by an appropriate mapping, are essential for a habitat assessment, taking into account variations over the gradient of coast and depth (coastal, platform and deep-sea habitat). The assessment of the habitat condition requires an integrated understanding of the status of the associated communities and species, consistent with the requirements laid down in Directive 92/43/EEC (1992) and in Council Directive 2009/147/EC (2009), including, where appropriate, an assessment of their functional characteristics. The explanation given for the unsuitability of criterion D1C4 also applies to D1C5 (MISIC SEAS II Consortium, 2018). JCC II consortium (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report (TRWP2) ? Applying a sub-regional close and coordinated approach to the monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity in Macaronesia for the second cycle of the MSFD. WP2 ? Towards a co-beneficiary update of initial assessment, GES and targets, Task 2.1. Update of the Initial Assessment and Task 2.2. Finding common GES and Environmental Targets for the Macaronesia GA No 11.0661/2017/750679/SUB/ENV.C2., Brussels, 132pp

Não se registaram ocorrências de captura acidental nos vários programas de observação de pesca dos Açores (Fonte: dados reportados ao ICES WG BYC 2017-2021).

D1C2 ? MM_ABU_CMR: The only reliable estimates of the absolute abundance for the cachalote population in the Azores are those indicated by Boys et al. (2019). These authors used the photo-identification of adult male and female immature female, collected in the coastal waters around Faial and Pico during the summer months (July-August) between 2011 and 2015, and applied a robust open model (MSORD ? Multi-State Open Robust Model) to estimate population population and population movements. These estimates do not therefore correspond to the sperm management unit using the coastal waters of the Azores, but only to the part of the management unit using the waters around Faial and Pico. Abundance estimates varied between years since 367 (95 % CI

D1C3 ? MM_DE_SR: The only reliable estimates of survival rates available for the cachalote population in the Azores are also reported by Boys et al. (2019). The probability of cachalote annual survival varied during the study period and an average survival rate for the period 2011-2015 is proposed as the initial benchmark for the parameter (i.e. 0,93 survival rate

Marine mammals are highly migratory and their ecological range and distribution are much broader than the biogeographical region (at the river basin scale). It was estimated as equivalent to the total area of the marine territory of the Azores (as calculated by the reporting grids to the Habitats Directive)

The extent and quality of the Azores Sea habitat do not seem to limit the animal species of megafauna to GES, but there are several species whose life cycle does not entirely follow in the sub-division of the Azores and an assessment of the habitat condition requires an adequate mapping, either in distance to the coast or in depth, and an integrated understanding of the state of the associated communities and species. Additional efforts for a coherent classification of marine habitats, supported by an appropriate mapping, are essential for a habitat assessment, taking into account variations over the gradient of coast and depth (coastal, platform and deep-sea habitat). The assessment of the habitat condition requires an integrated understanding of the status of the associated communities and species, consistent with the requirements laid down in Directive 92/43/EEC (1992) and in Council Directive 2009/147/EC (2009), including, where appropriate, an assessment of their functional characteristics. The explanation given for the unsuitability of criterion D1C4 also applies to D1C5 (MISIC SEAS II Consortium, 2018). JCC II consortium (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report (TRWP2) ? Applying a sub-regional close and coordinated approach to the monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity in Macaronesia for the second cycle of the MSFD. WP2 ? Towards a co-beneficiary update of initial assessment, GES and targets, Task 2.1. Update of the Initial Assessment and Task 2.2. Finding common GES and Environmental Targets for the Macaronesia GA No 11.0661/2017/750679/SUB/ENV.C2., Brussels, 132pp

Não se registaram ocorrências de captura acidental nos vários programas de observação de pesca dos Açores (Fonte: dados reportados ao ICES WG BYC 2017-2021).

The population estimates were obtained on the basis of sampling through the deep-sea programme of the MISTIC SEAS II project for a 32.804 km² survey area in the central group of islands in the Azores. D1C2 ? MM_ABU_DS: Sampling has not been carried out using the sampling method sampling in the past, so there are no previous abundance estimates for the species. The abundance values obtained during the pilot sampling of the SEAS II mixture in July-August 2018 are proposed as reference values for the assessment of GES in the future. These values differ slightly depending on the method used: Based on random sampling (2.328 individuals

Long term data ranges from standardised and comparable methodologies are required to meet this criterion.

Marine mammals are highly migratory and their ecological range and distribution are much broader than the biogeographical region (at the river basin scale). It was estimated as equivalent to the total area of the marine territory of the Azores (as calculated by the reporting grids to the Habitats Directive)

The extent and quality of the Azores Sea habitat do not seem to limit the animal species of megafauna to GES, but there are several species whose life cycle does not entirely follow in the sub-division of the Azores and an assessment of the habitat condition requires an adequate mapping, either in distance to the coast or in depth, and an integrated understanding of the state of the associated communities and species. Additional efforts for a coherent classification of marine habitats, supported by an appropriate mapping, are essential for a habitat assessment, taking into account variations over the gradient of coast and depth (coastal, platform and deep-sea habitat). The assessment of the habitat condition requires an integrated understanding of the status of the associated communities and species, consistent with the requirements laid down in Directive 92/43/EEC (1992) and in Council Directive 2009/147/EC (2009), including, where appropriate, an assessment of their functional characteristics. The explanation given for the unsuitability of criterion D1C4 also applies to D1C5 (MISIC SEAS II Consortium, 2018). JCC II consortium (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report (TRWP2) ? Applying a sub-regional close and coordinated approach to the monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity in Macaronesia for the second cycle of the MSFD. WP2 ? Towards a co-beneficiary update of initial assessment, GES and targets, Task 2.1. Update of the Initial Assessment and Task 2.2. Finding common GES and Environmental Targets for the Macaronesia GA No 11.0661/2017/750679/SUB/ENV.C2., Brussels, 132pp

Não se registaram ocorrências de captura acidental nos vários programas de observação de pesca dos Açores (Fonte: dados reportados ao ICES WG BYC 2017-2021).

D1C2 ? MM_ABU_DS: The abundance of the ocean management unit will be assessed using the distance sampling method. No sampling with this technique has been performed in the past and there is therefore no previous abundance estimates for the species. The abundance values obtained during the pilot sampling of SEAS II are proposed as a reference for assessing this parameter and criterion in the future. The number of sightings on sampling by Distance Sampling did not allow spatial analysis for the calculation of abundance in the Azores and only the projected size was able to be estimated at 431 individuals (95 % CI

D1C3 ? MM_DE_SR: The survival rate of the coastal management unit shall be assessed using recapture methods. Estimates of baseline survival rates have been calculated between 1999 and 2004 for coastal waters around Faial and Pico using a Cormyo-Seber model applied to photo-identification data (Silva et al., 2009). The survival rate was calculated in 0,97 for adults and 0,82 for subadults for the period 1999-2004. The pilot sampling of SESAS II lasted only a few months and did not make it possible to estimate the annual survival rates. The estimates are insufficient to calculate a trend and assess GES (MISIC SEAS II Consortium, 2018). JCC II consortium (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report (TRWP2) ? Applying a sub-regional close and coordinated approach to the monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity in Macaronesia for the second cycle of the MSFD. WP2 ? Towards a co-beneficiary update of initial assessment, GES and targets, Task 2.1. Update of the Initial Assessment and Task 2.2. Finding common GES and Environmental Targets for the Macaronesia GA No 11.0661/2017/750679/SUB/ENV.C2., Brussels, 132pp

Marine mammals are highly migratory and their ecological range and distribution are much broader than the biogeographical region (at the river basin scale). It was estimated as equivalent to the total area of the marine territory of the Azores (as calculated by the reporting grids to the Habitats Directive)

The extent and quality of the Azores Sea habitat do not seem to limit the animal species of megafauna to GES, but there are several species whose life cycle does not entirely follow in the sub-division of the Azores and an assessment of the habitat condition requires an adequate mapping, either in distance to the coast or in depth, and an integrated understanding of the state of the associated communities and species. Additional efforts for a coherent classification of marine habitats, supported by an appropriate mapping, are essential for a habitat assessment, taking into account variations over the gradient of coast and depth (coastal, platform and deep-sea habitat). The assessment of the habitat condition requires an integrated understanding of the status of the associated communities and species, consistent with the requirements laid down in Directive 92/43/EEC (1992) and in Council Directive 2009/147/EC (2009), including, where appropriate, an assessment of their functional characteristics. The explanation given for the unsuitability of criterion D1C4 also applies to D1C5 (MISIC SEAS II Consortium, 2018). JCC II consortium (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report (TRWP2) ? Applying a sub-regional close and coordinated approach to the monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity in Macaronesia for the second cycle of the MSFD. WP2 ? Towards a co-beneficiary update of initial assessment, GES and targets, Task 2.1. Update of the Initial Assessment and Task 2.2. Finding common GES and Environmental Targets for the Macaronesia GA No 11.0661/2017/750679/SUB/ENV.C2., Brussels, 132pp

Os valores de referência para a abundância das unidade de gestão (UG) de mamíferos marinhos da Macaronésia são as estimativas de abundância obtidas em 2007-2012, recalculadas para serem comparáveis às estimativas para o período de 2017-2018. Para estimar tendências são necessárias pelo menos 3 estimativas de abundância com incerteza baixa (CV<25%). Na presente avaliação, não é possível aplicar formalmente a definição de BEA acordada para os cetáceos da Macaronésia e calcular a tendência da abundância das UG selecionadas. Em alternativa, foi calculada a regressão linear entre as duas estimativas de abundância existentes e a respetiva variação de abundância. Assim, no que refere ao critério D1C2, para a população de baleias de bryde, a variação de abundância é positiva (740%).

Esta UG revelou uma taxa de sobrevivência elevada, o que é indicativo de populações saudáveis, não afetadas por pressões antrópicas negativamente.

Os valores de referência para a abundância das unidade de gestão (UG) de mamíferos marinhos da Macaronésia são as estimativas de abundância obtidas em 2007-2012, recalculadas para serem comparáveis às estimativas para o período de 2017-2018. Para estimar tendências são necessárias pelo menos 3 estimativas de abundância com incerteza baixa (CV<25%). Na presente avaliação, não é possível aplicar formalmente a definição de BEA acordada para os cetáceos da Macaronésia e calcular a tendência da abundância das UG selecionadas. Em alternativa, foi calculada a regressão linear entre as duas estimativas de abundância existentes e a respetiva variação de abundância. Assim, no que refere ao critério D1C2, para a população de baleia-piloto tropical, a variação de abundância é positiva e mantém-se estável, tendo em consideração os intervalos de confiança para cada período (75%).

Esta UG revelou uma taxa de sobrevivência elevada, o que é indicativo de populações saudáveis, não afetadas por pressões antrópicas negativamente.

Os valores de referência para a abundância das unidade de gestão (UG) de mamíferos marinhos da Macaronésia são as estimativas de abundância obtidas em 2007-2012, recalculadas para serem comparáveis às estimativas para o período de 2017-2018. Para estimar tendências são necessárias pelo menos 3 estimativas de abundância com incerteza baixa (CV<25%). Na presente avaliação, não é possível aplicar formalmente a definição de BEA acordada para os cetáceos da Macaronésia e calcular a tendência da abundância das UG selecionadas. Em alternativa, foi calculada a regressão linear entre as duas estimativas de abundância existentes e a respetiva variação de abundância. Assim, no que refere ao critério D1C2, para a população de golfinho-pintado , a variação de abundância é positiva e mantém-se estável, tendo em consideração os intervalos de confiança para cada período (273%).

Os valores de referência para a abundância das unidade de gestão (UG) de mamíferos marinhos da Macaronésia são as estimativas de abundância obtidas em 2007-2012, recalculadas para serem comparáveis às estimativas para o período de 2017-2018. Para estimar tendências são necessárias pelo menos 3 estimativas de abundância com incerteza baixa (CV<25%). Na presente avaliação, não é possível aplicar formalmente a definição de BEA acordada para os cetáceos da Macaronésia e calcular a tendência da abundância das UG selecionadas. Em alternativa, foi calculada a regressão linear entre as duas estimativas de abundância existentes e a respetiva variação de abundância. Assim, no que refere ao critério D1C2, para a população de golfinho-roaz , a variação de abundância é positiva porém os intervalos de confiança das estimativas de cada peróodo são amplos e sobrepõe-se. Optou-se por não avaliar o BEA desta UG.

a meta proposta é que a taxa de mortalidade resultante da atividade de pesca seja próxima de zero. A mortalidade por capturas acessória (de atividade de pesca) não é zero para o período em avaliação, sendo que os dados recolhidos apontam para 3 lobos-marinhos mortos entre 2016 e 2023, como tal indicando não estar em BEA.

Ainda que a espécie tenha vindo lentamente a aumentar a sua abundância desde 1988, a população continua a ser muito pequena e longe de atingir níveis de abundância que lhe permitam ser classificada como “pouco preocupante”. Na realidade, o número reduzido de efetivos conjugado com as ameaças e pressões a que está sujeita fazem desta uma população muito vulnerável, pelo que de acordo com Karamanlidis (2024) a população de lobos-marinhos do arquipélago da Madeira deve ser considerada como criticamente em perigo, com o mesmo autor a classificar a espécie a nível global como “vulnerável” (Karamaldis, 2024). Nesta ótica a espécie não atinge o BEA para este critério.

Os resultados obtidos por Pires et al., (2023) referem taxas de sobrevivência baixas para as crias, indivíduos até 2 meses e um ano respetivamente e taxas de sobrevivência elevadas para os indivíduos adultos. Não obstante, o grau de precisão destas estimativas é consideravelmente baixo. Acrescem as pressões que são conhecidas e que afetam a espécie e que muito facilmente podem alterar a taxa de sobrevivência dos indivíduos adultos. Facto este que teria efeitos muito significativos, face ao reduzido número de indivíduos que a população de lobos-marinhos da Madeira compreende. Por esta razão, o grau de confiança para avaliação de D1C3 é baixo.