Optimised monitoring programmes (crisis et al., 2015). Modelling of hydrographical changes to assess the extent of possible affected area and the intensity of changes (González et al., 2015).

Ensure that coastal works have the least possible impact on coastal habitats. Development and application of geoindicators, coastal state indicators, state scientific indicators, geomorphologic indicators (Cardapço et al., 2016). Ensure that all possible mitigation measures are considered when planning new infrastructure to minimise the impact on coastal and marine ecosystems and their services and integrity, as well as cultural and historical assets (Plan Bleu UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre, 2019).