National overview: Sweden
Table of contents
- Who is responsible for MSFD implementation?
- Where is the MSFD implemented?
- Areas for MSFD reporting
- Regional cooperation
- Uses and human activities and their pressures on marine environment
- Pressures affecting environmental status
- Current environmental status and extent to which GES is achieved (as reported in 2018)
- Environmental targets to achieve GES
- Measures to meet environmental targets and to achieve GES
- Exceptions reported when targets or GES cannot be achieved
- Assessments of progress in MSFD implementation (Art. 12, 16) / 2012
- Assessments of progress in MSFD implementation (Art. 12, 16) / 2018
- Reporting history and performance
Where is the MSFD implemented?
MSFD Article | Art. 3(1) Marine waters |
Report date | 2021-09-01 |
Access reports | View all reports |
Member state marine waters |
Sweden's sea area has been defined as the water between coastlines for the mainland and islands in the sea as well as the outer border of the continental shelf in accordance with the Act (2017: 1272) on Sweden's maritime territory and maritime zones. Coastlines are retrieved from the map database SVAR, Swedish Water Archive, SMHI. The coastlines are originally from Lantmäteriet's overview map in scale 1: 250,000, but they have been adapted to catchment areas in SVAR. Areas for 'seabed and subsoil' are the same as for water.
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Areas for MSFD reporting
MSFD Article | Art. 4/2017 Decision: Marine regions, subregions, and subdivisions |
Report date | 2021-09-01 |
Access reports | View all reports |
Region / subregion description |
Boundaries for the Baltic Sea region and the North Sea subregion comply with the boundaries set out in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC). The border between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea has been agreed between Sweden and Denmark. A decision in this case (record number 783-12) was made by the Swedish Maritime Administration on 12 July 2012. The border is located in the Sound along the Öresund Bridge. The border has been chosen because it naturally separates the North Sea and the Baltic Sea from each other with regard to most physical and ecological factors.
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Subdivisions |
Sweden does not have sub-areas, but the 12 basins follow these principles.
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MRUs description (AreaType) |
Assessment areas have been developed at different levels; coastal water types, lake waters, basins, groups of basins and management area to be able to report different parts on different geographical scale. The basis for the division is the 12 basins (three in the North Sea sub-region and 9 in the Baltic Sea region). The division into sea basins is based on the division made in the Swedish Sea Area Register, which is part of the Swedish Water Archive (SVAR). If necessary, these basins are divided into coastal waters and offshore waters. Offshore waters always follow the division into basins and are defined by the coastal water boundary lines and the outer boundary line for the Swedish economic zone and follow the division into sea basins. Coastal waters are divided into coastal water types and follow the division of coastal waters according to the Swedish Maritime Administration's regulations on mapping and analysis of surface waters HVMFS 2017: 20 according to Regulation 2004: 660 on the management of the quality of the aquatic environment. In some cases, groups of pools are used as an assessment area. Pool groups have been defined as several pools within a larger sea area. Within the Swedish sea area, there are three pool groups, one in the North Sea and two in the Baltic Sea. All these assessment areas, except groups of basins, are on maps in Appendix 1 of the Swedish Maritime Administration's regulations on what characterizes good environmental status and environmental quality standards with indicators for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea (HVMFS 2012: 18).
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MRUs |
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Regional cooperation
MSFD Article | Art. 5(2) and Art. 6 Regional cooperation |
Report date | 2021-09-01 |
Access reports | View all reports |
Region/ subregion |
Nordostatlanten (ANS) och Östersjön (BAL) |
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Art. 8 countries involved |
NO, IS, FR, NL, LV, UK, PT,
, BE, DE, EE, ES, FI, IE, DK, LI, PL, |
Art. 8 nature of coordination |
Se textfiles about regional coordination within Ospar and Helcom |
Art. 8 regional coherence |
Partial |
Art. 8 regional coherence problems |
Not Reported
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Art. 9 countries involved |
,
, NotReported |
Art. 9 nature of coordination |
Se textfiles about regional coordination within Ospar and Helcom |
Art. 9 regional coherence |
Partial |
Art. 9 regional coherence problems |
Not Reported
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Art. 10 countries involved |
,
, NotReported |
Art. 10 nature of coordination |
Se textfiles about regional coordination within Ospar and Helcom |
Art. 10 regional coherence |
Partial |
Art. 10 regional coherence problems |
Not Reported
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Uses and human activities and their pressures on marine environment
Title | Analysis of predominant pressures and impacts, including human activity (Art. 8(1)(b)) |
Access reports | View reports |
Pressures affecting environmental status
Title | Assessments of current environental status and pressures and impacts (Art. 8(1)(a)(b)) |
Access reports | View reports |
Current environmental status and extent to which GES is achieved (as reported in 2018)
Title | Assessments of current environental status and pressures and impacts (Art. 8(1)(a)(b)) |
Access reports | View reports |
Environmental targets to achieve GES
Title | Environmental targets (Art. 10) |
Access reports | View reports |
Measures to meet environmental targets and to achieve GES
Title | Programme of measures (Art. 13) |
Access reports | View reports |
Exceptions reported when targets or GES cannot be achieved
Title | Exceptions (Art. 14) |
Access reports | View reports |
Assessments of progress in MSFD implementation (Art. 12, 16) / 2012
Title | Implementation of marine strategies (Art. 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18) |
First cycle | 2012-2017 |
Access reports | View Art12 (8-9-10) report |
Baltic Sea
Descriptor | Article 9 - GES Determination | Article 8 - Initial Assessment | Article 10 - Environmental Targets | |
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Pressure-based descriptors |
D2 - Non-indigenous species
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D5 - Eutrophication
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Partially adequate (2)
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Adequate (3)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D7 - Hydrographical changes
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Inadequate (1)
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Inadequate (1)
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Inadequate (1)
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D8 - Contaminants
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D9 - Contaminants in seafood
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D10 - Marine litter
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D11 - Energy, incl. underwater noise
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Partially adequate (2)
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Not reported (0)
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Not reported (0)
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State-based descriptors |
D1 - Biodiversity – birds
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – mammals
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – reptiles
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – fish
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – cephalopods
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D3 - Commercial fish and shellfish
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – pelagic habitats
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D6 - Sea-floor integrity/D1 Biodiversity - benthic habitats
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D4 - Food webs/D1 Biodiversity - ecosystems
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Adequate (3)
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Not reported (0)
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Inadequate (1)
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NE Atlantic: Greater North Sea
Descriptor | Article 9 - GES Determination | Article 8 - Initial Assessment | Article 10 - Environmental Targets | |
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Pressure-based descriptors |
D2 - Non-indigenous species
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D5 - Eutrophication
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D7 - Hydrographical changes
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Inadequate (1)
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Inadequate (1)
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Inadequate (1)
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D8 - Contaminants
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D9 - Contaminants in seafood
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D10 - Marine litter
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D11 - Energy, incl. underwater noise
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Partially adequate (2)
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Not reported (0)
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Not reported (0)
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State-based descriptors |
D1 - Biodiversity – birds
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – mammals
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – reptiles
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – fish
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D1 - Biodiversity – cephalopods
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D3 - Commercial fish and shellfish
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Partially adequate (2)
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Adequate (3)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – pelagic habitats
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Inadequate (1)
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D6 - Sea-floor integrity/D1 Biodiversity - benthic habitats
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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Partially adequate (2)
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D4 - Food webs/D1 Biodiversity - ecosystems
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Adequate (3)
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Not reported (0)
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Inadequate (1)
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Assessments of progress in MSFD implementation (Art. 12, 16) / 2018
Title | Implementation of marine strategies (Art. 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18) |
Second cycle | 2018-2023 |
Access reports | View Art12 (8-9-10) report |
Baltic Sea
Descriptor | Article 9 - GES Determination | Article 8 - Initial Assessment | Article 10 - Environmental Targets | |
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Pressure-based descriptors |
D2 - Non-indigenous species
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Poor (2)
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Very good (4)
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Poor (2)
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D5 - Eutrophication
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Good (3)
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Very good (4)
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Good (3)
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D7 - Hydrographical changes
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Very poor (1)
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Very poor (1)
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Poor (2)
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D8 - Contaminants
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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D9 - Contaminants in seafood
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Very good (4)
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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D10 - Marine litter
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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D11 - Energy, incl. underwater noise
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Very poor (1)
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Very poor (1)
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Very poor (1)
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State-based descriptors |
D1 - Biodiversity – birds
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – mammals
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – reptiles
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Not relevant (-)
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Not relevant (-)
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Not relevant (-)
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D1 - Biodiversity – fish
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – cephalopods
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Not relevant (-)
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Not relevant (-)
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Not relevant (-)
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D3 - Commercial fish and shellfish
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Very good (4)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – pelagic habitats
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D6 - Sea-floor integrity/D1 Biodiversity - benthic habitats
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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D4 - Food webs/D1 Biodiversity - ecosystems
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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NE Atlantic: Greater North Sea
Descriptor | Article 9 - GES Determination | Article 8 - Initial Assessment | Article 10 - Environmental Targets | |
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Pressure-based descriptors |
D2 - Non-indigenous species
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Good (3)
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Very good (4)
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Poor (2)
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D5 - Eutrophication
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Good (3)
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Very good (4)
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Good (3)
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D7 - Hydrographical changes
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Very poor (1)
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Very poor (1)
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Poor (2)
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D8 - Contaminants
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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D9 - Contaminants in seafood
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Very good (4)
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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D10 - Marine litter
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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D11 - Energy, incl. underwater noise
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Very poor (1)
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Not reported (0)
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Poor (2)
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State-based descriptors |
D1 - Biodiversity – birds
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Poor (2)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – mammals
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Good (3)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – reptiles
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Very poor (1)
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Poor (2)
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Good (3)
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D1 - Biodiversity – fish
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – cephalopods
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Very poor (1)
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Poor (2)
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Very good (4)
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D3 - Commercial fish and shellfish
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Very good (4)
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Very good (4)
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Poor (2)
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D1 - Biodiversity – pelagic habitats
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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D6 - Sea-floor integrity/D1 Biodiversity - benthic habitats
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Poor (2)
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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D4 - Food webs/D1 Biodiversity - ecosystems
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Good (3)
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Poor (2)
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Poor (2)
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