A good environmental status is achieved if (1) the sound budget of the German North Sea does not adversely affect the living conditions of the animals concerned. All human noise-producing activities must therefore not have a significant impact on the marine environment of the North Sea. (2) The light input does not adversely affect marine life. (3) The emission of electromagnetic fields does not adversely affect migration or orientation of marine life. It is currently assumed that this will be achieved if, in the case of direct current, the measured values ​​on the sediment surface do not exceed the strength of the earth's magnetic field. (4) The rise in temperature does not have a negative impact on the marine environment. It is currently assumed that this will be achieved if the temperature increase does not exceed 2 K in the Wadden Sea at a depth of 30 cm or in the EEZ at a depth of 20 cm. For a more differentiated representation of the good environmental status with regard to these energy inputs, further research is required with regard to both the inputs and the effects. Indicator level. Light inputs: The lighting of structures necessary for the purpose of collision prevention can have a multitude of effects on marine life. For migrating birds, this light entry can e.g. lead to evasive movements and ultimately have a barrier effect. On the other hand, birds fly to illuminated objects, especially at night and when visibility is poor, so that attracting them can lead to an increase in bird strike. Electromagnetic fields: During the operation of electrical lines, magnetic fields are generated and electrical fields are induced. Electric fields are induced when either the sea water or the animal swimming in it moves in relation to the magnetic field (BfS, 2005). Temperature entries: Depending on the type of cable and the type of cable laid in the seabed, there can be a significant increase in temperature in the sediment and in the soil pore water , The jacket temperature for power cables is a maximum of 70 ° C. The release of this temperature to the environment depends on the type of cable, its utilization, the current sediment temperature as well as the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of the sediment (BfS, 2005).

Good ecological status is achieved when the following conditions are cumulatively met : - The detection and acoustic communication capacities of large cetaceans are not altered by anthropogenic noise disturbance; - The frequentation of ecological functional zones by species sensitive to noise disturbance is preserved; - The direct or indirect accidental excess mortality due to anthropogenic noise disturbance is marginal.


Good ecological status is achieved when the following conditions are cumulatively met : - The detection and acoustic communication capacities of large cetaceans are not altered by anthropogenic noise disturbance; - The frequentation of ecological functional zones by species sensitive to noise disturbance is preserved; - The direct or indirect accidental excess mortality due to anthropogenic noise disturbance is marginal.

A good environmental status is achieved if the sound budget of the German North Sea does not adversely affect the living conditions of the animals concerned. All human noise-producing activities must therefore not have a significant impact on the marine environment of the North Sea. Sound measurements during construction work in the sea are the possible basis for describing good conditions (Table 11 of the GES report North Sea). Temporary noise inputs in the form of impulsive signals should not cover any physical area Cause damage to marine organisms. According to the current state of knowledge, this means that a temporary hearing threshold shift (TTS) occurs at a SEL of 164 dB re 1micro; Pa2s (unweighted) with an associated SPL of 199 dB (peak-peak) re 1micro; Pa in porpoises. Perspectively, these sound entries must be viewed cumulatively in order to take account of multiple sound entries and different entry sources. Significant disturbance of marine fauna should be avoided, especially in protected areas and taking into account the occurrence of affected species and times sensitive to disturbances. There is currently no threshold for a significant disturbance for porpoises. On the basis of acoustic and visual examinations, however, it can be assumed that pulse-like underwater sound in sound events from a SEL of 136 dB re 1micro; Pa2s leads to disturbances in the form of displacement (BfN in development). This value was derived from observed displacement radii. Avoidance reactions of porpoises have been confirmed in playback experiments (Tougaard et al. 2011).

A good environmental status is achieved if the sound budget of the German North Sea does not adversely affect the living conditions of the animals concerned. All human noise-producing activities must therefore not have a significant impact on the marine environment of the North Sea. Measurements of background noise values ​​(see Table 11 of the GES report North Sea) are a possible basis for describing a good state. Natural sound sources such as wind and wave motion form the background noise in the sea. In addition to this natural "acoustic landscape" there are anthropogenic continuous sound inputs, mainly from shipping. In addition, temporary impulsive noise inputs temporarily increase the noise level in a marine area. On the basis of knowledge of background noise levels specific to the sea area due to continuous, in particular low-frequency broadband noise, it must be decided to what extent a reduction should take place in order to prevent adverse effects on marine organisms.