The aim of the measure is to prevent or reduce possible negative environmental impacts to marine ecosystems caused by offshore infrastructure developments; including fish farms (e.g. non-indigenous species; ecological and genetical impacts to local fish communities; introduction of antibiotics; other pharmaceuticals and hazardous substances; implementing HELCOM recommendation 37/3). As for the blue economy development projects, there are no minimum EIA requirements and there is also no standard for monitoring during operational phase. As these are mostly maritime areas for which the existing information is extremely patchy, it is not possible to rely only on the existing information. Within the measure, EIA minimum requirements for development projects (description of the necessary information to conduct an EIA) and an EIA-SAE ex-post assessment system will be prepared. Preparing guidance document (standard) for monitoring during the operational phase of blue economy projects.

The aim of the measure is to ensure that the Estonian national ability to respond to spillages of oil and other harmful substances fulfils the regionally agreed minimum requirements. Activities: - Preparation of technical specifications and design of the new buoy and research vessel with pollution response capacity (oil and other hazardous chemicals); - Carrying out procurement for construction of the new buoy and research vessel with pollution response capacity (oil and other hazardous chemicals); organization of the order of usage of the vessel taking into account the needs of pollution response activities, including training the crew and participation in the oil spill response exercises [2027]. - Based on risk assessment, analyzing Estonian national pollution response capacity (oil and other hazardous chemicals) and developing national response action plan for covering additional needs for meeting the regionally agreed responce requirements; - Implementation of national responce action plan [to be implemented no later than the next marine strategy period].

The aim of the measure is to ensure that all the Estonian national regulations are up to date for implementing international, EU and regional measures. Activities: All needs to supplement regulations related to the implementation of updated BSAP will be thoroughly reviewed, updated and enforced.

The aim of the measure is to ensure Estonia's participation in international cooperation in the field of marine environmental protection within the frameworks of HELCOM, IMO, EU, etc. Activities: Participating in international cooperation in the field of marine environmental protection within the framework of HELCOM, IMO, EU, etc. For example participating in implementing HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) measures or activities, HELCOM recommendations and HELCOM Science Agenda.

The aim of the measure is to inform and involve stakeholders, other target groups and wider public in marine environment protection activities. Specific actions will be planned during the work. The initial focus will be on the areas of wastewater/sewage water, plastic waste, hazardous substances and pharmaceutical residues.

The aim of the measure is to prevent and reduce the pollution loads by discharges of sewage from ships and cleaning the ships at sea. The focus is on the regulation and preparation of guidelines for ship waste disposal and cleaning of the ships at sea. Activities: - Determining the volumes of discharges of sewage from ships to the port reception facilities and to the sea, assessing the environmental impact of the pollution from ships at sea and developing of requirements and guidelines for waste disposal at sea; - Development of guidelines and requirements for cleaning ships at sea; - Assessing the environmental impact of the activities carried out in the anchor areas and, if necessary, establishing additional restrictions; - Develop and facilitate implementation of feasible and effective economic incentives to reduce pollution from ships, taking into account HELCOM Recommendation 28E/13 as amended on 19 June 2019. - supplement existing regulations or, if necessary, develop new regulations with requirements for waste disposal at sea, ship cleaning and other activities carried out in anchoring areas.

The aim of the measure is to improve the collection and management of environmental and anthropogenic pressure data, to provide more adequate data for environmental- and status assessments, to ensure better availability of environmental information and ease the use of databases. Activities: - IT developments in updating databases; - Developing relevant environmental information services (spatial information, status, data) for the general public (environmental portals, etc.) and for joint use of data with competent national institutions, universities and the private sector; - Development of methodologies and models for assessing the status of marine environment, including increasing the role of remote sensing in status assessments; - Participation in international cooperation projects (HELCOM, ICES, EEA, JRC, CMEMS, EOOS, etc.) to improve data exchange and management and to develop relevant data exchange services; - Formulating proposals for the legislation changes to improve data exchange; increasing awareness and knowledge of the interest groups and promote the involvement of citizen science.

The aim of the measure is to improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical waste management and to raise awareness of the possibilities of disposal of pharmaceutical residues in order to reduce the environmental pressure of pharmaceutical residues originating from households. Activities: - Identifying priority pharmaceuticals [by 2024] for Estonia utilising the best available knowledge on their releases and pathways into the aquatic environment and providing the data to HELCOM for further regional assessments; - Assessing the efficiency of the existing pharmaceutical waste management system of pharmaceuticals and proposals for more efficient collection of unused pharmaceuticals [by 2026]; - Developing and implementing regulations or recommendations to minimize the inputs of environmentally persistent and harmful over-the-counter pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment; - Implementing regulations to reduce the use of prescription pharmaceuticals containing substances harmful to the environment (drug dosage, package size, alternative medications); - Promoting the implementation of the best available treatment techniques for WWTP (including stormwater) to enhance the effectiveness to remove hazardous substances (including pharmaceuticals) and microliter; - Increasing awareness and knowledge (training programs/lecture cycles) of health care institution staff (hospitals, polyclinic, medical and pharmacology companies, pharmacies) about pharmaceuticals containing substances that are persistent and harmful for the environment; - Carrying out collection campaigns for unused pharmaceuticals.

Construction or upgrades of wastewater treatment plants

Remediation of contaminated sites (historical pollution including sediments, groundwater, soil)

Water pricing policy measures for the implementation of the recovery of cost of water services from industry

Water pricing policy measures for the implementation of the recovery of cost of water services from agriculture

Research, improvement of knowledge base reducing uncertainty.

Measures for the phasing-out of emissions, discharges and losses of priority hazardous substances or for the reduction of emissions, discharges and losses of priority substances.

Upgrades or improvements of industrial wastewater treatment plants (including farms)

Measures to prevent or control the input of pollution from urban areas, transport and built infrastructure

The existing measure „Compiling regional aquaculture plans to manage environmental pressures“ provides the preparation of regional aquaculture plans based on solutions that are nutrient neutral or remove nutrients from the marine environment. The purpose of supplementing it is to prevent also increases in the loads of hazardous substances from marine aquaculture. Activities: - Regional studies on the possible environmental impact of hazardous substances from aquaculture. Both traditional hazardous substances and substances related to fish farms and fish feed (including pharmaceuticals) are considered as hazardous substances; - Conducting a risk assessment of hazardous substances from aquaculture; Taking into account the possible environmental impacts of pollutants in preparing regional aquaculture plans.