Member State report / Art11 / 2014-2020 / D7 / Croatia / Mediterranean: Adriatic Sea
| Report type | Member State report to Commission |
| MSFD Article | Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates) |
| Report due | 2014-10-15; 2020-10-15 |
| GES Descriptor | D7 Hydrographical changes |
| Member State | Croatia |
| Region/subregion | Mediterranean: Adriatic Sea |
| Reported by | Institute for Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia |
| Report date | 2014-09-04; 2020-10-15 |
| Report access |
2014 data
2020 data
| Monitoring programme | Monitoring programme name | MP_D7 |
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| Reference existing programme | MADHR-D07 |
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| Marine Unit ID |
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| Q4e - Programme ID | MADHR-D07 |
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| Q4f - Programme description | There are no significant changes in hydrographic indicators (temperature, salinity, transparency and sea level) that would have impact on the ecosystem, in duration longer than ten years. But, it should be taken in consideration that there are visible changes in the continuous warming of the surface layer and increase in heat content. The predicted decline / increase in precipitation over the Adriatic Sea for a period longer than ten years will cause change in salt content. In addition, measurements of considered indicators (temperature, salinity, transparency and sea level) extended by measurements of sea currents and waves with simulations by numerical models can help to show impacts of climate change on hydrographic properties of the sea. |
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| Q5e - Natural variability |
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| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate data | Y |
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| Q5d - Established methods | Y |
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| Q5d - Adequate understanding of GES | Y |
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| Q5d - Adequate capacity | Y |
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| Q5f - Description of programme for GES assessment | At each new intervention in the marine environment should be thoroughly studied whether and how it causes on the changing of hydrographic features on the site with planned intervention. Conditions in the sea has been good if hydrographic changes do not cause permanent changes that are harmful to habitats and marine organisms. For this purposes it will be necessary to perform permanent monitoring of parameters related hydrographic properties of the sea at the representative stations. As measurements by vessels and autonomous systems are quite expensive optimal solution is to perform then at limited but enough number of representative stations. Based on data obtained by measurements, spatial fields of indicators related Descriptor 7, as well as some other related descriptors within whole Adriatic Sea can be reconstructed by available numerical models. |
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| Q5g - Gap-filling date for GES assessment | By2018 |
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| Q5h - Plans to implement monitoring for GES assessment | |||||
| Q6a -Relevant targets | Q6a - Environmental target | ||||
| Q6a - Associated indicator | |||||
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6b_SuitableData | Y |
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| Q6b_EstablishedMethods | Y |
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| Q6d_AdequateCapacity | Y |
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| Q6c - Target updating | Y |
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| Q6d - Description of programme for targets assessment | According MSFD to secure GES of Descriptor 7 in the Adriatic Sea the target is to preserve it on the present level in the future. For achieving this target it is necessary to carry out measures as monitoring hydrographic properties in the whole Adriatic Sea with special attention to the coastal regions. This requires closer cooperation and coordination of measurements of hydrographic indicators by all countries surrounding the Adriatic Sea. Good example is close collaboration of Croatia and EU Program My-Ocean, which helps in reconstruction of hydrographic conditions of the Adriatic Sea. |
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| Q6e - Gap-filling date for targets assessment | By2018 |
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| Q6f - Plans to implement monitoring for targets assessment | |||||
| Q7a - Relevant activities |
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| Q7b - Description of monitoring of activities | Measures related to the preservation of GES for Descriptor 7 include monitoring the most relevant hydrographic parameters in the whole Adriatic Sea with special attention to the coastal regions. The impacts of anthropogenic activities on the status of GES in the future need to be considered individually. Planning of new marine and on shore structures needs to be constructed and operated in a way to maintain the natural wave and currents pattern as much as possible. It has to take into account all possible mitigation measures in order to minimize the impacts on coastal and marine ecosystem and integrity of cultural/historic assets. Site specific tolerable limits of key species in proximity of seawater intake and outlet structures need to be considered while planning, constructing and operating such infrastructure. |
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| Q7c - Relevant measures | |||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate data | ||||
| Q7d - Established methods | |||||
| Q7d - Adequate understanding of GES | |||||
| Q7d - Adequate capacity | |||||
| Q7d - Addresses activities and pressures | |||||
| Q7d - Addresses effectiveness of measures | |||||
| Q7d - Description of monitoring for measures | |||||
| Q7f - Gap-filling date for activities and measures | By2014 |
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| Q8a - Links to existing Monitoring Programmes |
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| Reference sub-programme | Sub-programme ID | MADHR-D07-01 |
MADHR-D07-02 |
MADHR-D07-03 |
MADHR-D07-04 |
| Sub-programme name | Water column - hydrological characteristics |
Water column - hydrological characteristics |
Water column - physical characteristics |
Water column - physical characteristics |
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| Q4g - Sub-programmes | Sub-programme ID | MADHR-D07-01 |
MADHR-D07-02 |
MADHR-D07-03 |
MADHR-D07-04 |
| Sub-programme name | Water column - hydrological characteristics |
Water column - hydrological characteristics |
Water column - physical characteristics |
Water column - physical characteristics |
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| Q4k - Monitoring purpose | StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
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| Q4l - Links of monitoring programmes of other Directives and Conventions | National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
Sea level measurements are already carried out by several Croatian institutions: Hydrographic Institute and Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, and will be provided upon request. |
National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Habitats |
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| Q5c - Species list |
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| Q5c - Physical/Chemical features |
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| Q5c - Pressures | |||||
| Q9a - Elements |
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| Q5a - GES criteria | Relevant GES criteria |
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| Q5b - GES indicators | Relevant GES indicators |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species distribution | ||||
| Species population size | |||||
| Species population characteristics | |||||
| Species impacts | |||||
| Habitat distribution | |||||
| Habitat extent | |||||
| Habitat condition (physical-chemical) |
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| Habitat condition (biological) | |||||
| Habitat impacts | |||||
| Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) | Pressure input | ||||
| Pressure output | |||||
| Q9b - Parameters monitored (activity) | Activity |
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| Q9b Parameters monitored (other) | Other | ||||
| Q41 Spatial scope | WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters EEZ |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
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| Q4j - Description of spatial scope | In the Adriatic Sea, the observed significant changes in temperature and salinity, and hence the change of water masses and thermohaline circulation have been caused by sudden change of climate in the northern hemisphere. These changes can have permanent effects on the ecosystem by changing the composition and relationships in the food chain. The consequences of these changes are different along the coast and on the open seas because the hydrographic conditions are different. |
In the Adriatic Sea, the temperature, spatially and timely significant changes in salinity and transparency are key parameters that determine dynamics of ecosystems. Climatologically, their change and related water masses and thermohaline circulation changes have been caused by fast change of climate in the northern hemisphere. These changes can have permanent effects on the ecosystem by changing the composition and relationships in the food chain. The consequences of these changes are different along the coast and on the open seas because the hydrographic conditions are different. |
Sea level monitoring is quite important for assessing environmental state of the Adriatic Sea, including potential changes in hydrographic conditions which are being reflected in sea level differences over the basin. Also, sea level changes are an indicator of man-mad pressures on the system, including climate change, which are predicted to be quite strong over the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. |
The measurements of currents will be performed in territorial Croatian waters through (i) continuous measurement of high-frequency radars mounted in an area, and (ii) 6-month ADCP campaigns in the sub-regions. The campaigns will be rotated through five subregions and each campaign will consist of several ADCP stations moored in the places most relevant for detection of circulation characteristics in an area. |
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| Marine Unit IDs |
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| Q4h - Temporal scope | Start date- End date | 1998-9999 |
1998-9999 |
1998-9999 |
1998-9999 |
| Q9h - Temporal resolution of sampling |
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| Q9c - Monitoring method | Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar, G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
The transparency is measured with the 30cm diameter white Secchi disk.
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
Monitoring methodology is provided by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission:
1. UNESCO (1985). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. I - Basic Procedures, 75 pp.
2. UNESCO (1964). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. II: Emerging Technologies. 1994. 72 pp.
3. UNESCO (2002). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. III: Reappraisals and Recommendations as of the year 2000, 55 pp.
4. UNESCO (2006). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. IV: An Update to 2006, 78 pp.
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar, G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
Sea surface currents are measured by:
1. High-frequency radars (HF) in specific regions of the channel waters and open sea. Measurements is based on Doppler effects of transmitting signals and their reflection from waves on sea surface. More details at the web pages (i) http://www.codar.com/SeaSonde.shtml, and (ii) http://helzel.com/de/6035-WERA-Remote-Ocean-Sensing.
2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP), which are mounted within a frame at the seabed or within the vessels. Measurements are based on differences between emitted and reflected acoustic signals, which are dependent of currents at the measuring point. More info at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_Doppler_current_profiler.
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
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| Q9d - Description of alteration to method | |||||
| Q9e - Quality assurance |
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| Q9f - Quality control | DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
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| Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling | Q9g - Proportion of area covered % | 20 |
20 |
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| Q9g - No. of samples | Five sea level stations are active across the Croatian coast with sampling resolution of 1 h. Therefore, 5 x 8760 = 43800 data is expected to be collected in one year, if the tide gauge stations are working properly. |
HF radar (sea surface currents): 1000 points*24 measurements/day*365= 8*10E06
Doppler ADCP: Single station: 5 stations*10 layers*100measurements/day*365 days=1.5*10E6
Dopler ADCP mounted at the vessel: 0.3*10E6 measurements |
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| Q9i - Description of sample representivity | In the coastal waters temperature and salinity measurments will be carried 4 times per year and, where appropriate, owing by the particular descriptor, during the selected weather situations along enough profiles/stations which allow to determined thermohaline features of the area of interest (in the estuaries, for example Neretva river estuary). Along the Split-Gargano transect measurements will be carried 7 times per year (3 times in the summer and bimonthy for the rest of the year), while over south Adriatic and Jabuka Pit profile measurements will be carried 4 times per year. In the northern Adriatic at the transect Rovinj-Po river measurements will be carried out at least 10 times per year (monthly). |
In the coastal waters temperature and salinity measurments will be carried 4 times per year and, where appropriate, owing by the particular descriptor, during the selected weather situations along enough profiles/stations which allow to determined thermohaline features of the area of interest (in the estuaries, for example Neretva river estuary). Along the Split-Gargano transect measurements will be carried 7 times per year (3 times in the summer and bimonthy for the rest of the year), while over south Adriatic and Jabuka Pit profile measurements will be carried 4 times per year. In the northern Adriatic at the transect Rovinj-Po river measurements will be carried out at least 10 times per year (monthly). |
No variation vithin the subprogramme. |
HF radars measure sea surface currents in the specific area in interval of 1/2 or 1 hours at the about 1000 nodes of spatial network.
Self-contained ADCP Doppler current meters mounted at the sea bottom or at the buoy measure currents profile in the whole water column at the least 10 different levels depending of depth at the station.
Ship mounted ADCP current meters measure currents profile from moving vessel during cruising in the interval of one second. |
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| Q10a - Scale for aggregation of data |
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| Q10b - Other scale for aggregation of data | |||||
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data type | DataProducts |
DataProducts |
DataProducts |
DataProducts |
| Q10c - Data access mechanism | LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
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| Q10c - Data access rights | Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
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| Q10c - INSPIRE standard | OceanographicFeatures SeaRegions |
SeaRegions |
SeaRegions |
OceanographicFeatures |
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| Q10c Date data are available | 2018-10 |
2018-10 |
2018-10 |
2018-10 |
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| Q10c - Data update frequency | 3monthly |
Yearly |
Hourly |
6monthly |
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| Q10d - Description of data access | In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development.
Data will be available through web oriented database:
1. Data from self-contained autonomous instruments installed in more single points: Http://www.izor.hr/medas (under development)
2. Data from HF radars installed in the specific areas: http://www.izor.hr/hazadr (operational) |
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Descriptor |
D7 |
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Monitoring strategy description |
Main drivers for hydrographic changes are natural climate variability modified by climate change and infrastructure interventions in the coastal zone. Temperature, salinity, transparency and wave measurements strategy will be focused on selected oceanographic zones sufficient to distinguish natural climate variability from human impact. The measurements will be part of national monitoring of coastal waters. |
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Coverage of GES criteria |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
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Gaps and plans |
During implementation phase, good environmental status is achieved. Some issues are recognised as weak points: cumulative effect of minor impact of constructions near coast and illegal human activities. The spatial-temporal resolution of the wave measurements are week and additional effort must be invested to find the most appropriate way to obtain relevant data and / or new methods to estimate them. |
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Related targets |
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Coverage of targets |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
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Related measures |
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Coverage of measures |
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Related monitoring programmes |
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Programme code |
MADHR-D07-03 |
MADHR-D07-04 |
MADHR-D07-05 |
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Programme name |
Water column - physical characteristics |
Water column - physical characteristics |
Water column - hydrological characteristics |
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Update type |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
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Old programme codes |
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Programme description |
Sea level monitoring is quite important for assessing environmental state of the Adriatic Sea, including potential changes in hydrographic conditions which are being reflected in sea level differences over the basin. Also, sea level changes are an indicator of man-mad pressures on the system, including climate change, which are predicted to be quite strong over the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas. |
Sea currents would be measured in the following ways:
- Self-contained current meters. Current meters will be anchored at the bottom of the sea, protected in metal and concrete housing. Installation and extraction of the electricity meter will be performed every 6 months.
- Current meters installed on research ships. Marine current meters will be included during each exploration cruise and will measure the vertical current profiles along the route of research ship movement .
- high frequency radars. There will be two HF radar stations positioned so that the measurements cover the area in which the GES is monitored, and by a combination their measurements will yield continuous measurements of surface sea currents. |
In the Adriatic Sea, spatially and timely significant changes in the temperature, salinity and transparency are key parameters that determine dynamics of ecosystems.In the Adriatic Sea, the observed significant changes in temperature and salinity, and hence the change of water masses and thermohaline circulation have been caused by sudden change of climate in the northern hemisphere. These changes can have permanent effects on the ecosystem by changing the composition and relationships in the food chain. The consequences of these changes are different along the coast and on the open seas because the hydrographic conditions are different. |
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Monitoring purpose |
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Other policies and conventions |
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Regional cooperation - coordinating body |
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Regional cooperation - countries involved |
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Regional cooperation - implementation level |
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Monitoring details |
Sea level will be measured continuously at tide gauges located in Stari Grad (island of Hvar), Vela Luka (island of Korčula) and Sobra (island of Mljet), with a time resolution of 1 minute. |
Along the Split - Gargano profile, current measurements using ADCP Acoustic doppler curren profiler installed on the research the ship would be performed once a month (12 times a year), or simultaneously with the measurements of temperature, salinity and transparency on the specified profile. Measurements by automatic measuring systems and instruments for measuring surface currents would be performed continuously with
with a time resolution of at least 1 hour. |
Temperatures, salinity and transparency will be measured in coastal waters four times a year, and more often if necessary, and certainly as much as predicted by Descriptor D5, along the Split - Gargano profile (Palagruža profile) measurements would be performed once a month (10 times a year) , and in the South Adriatic and on the Jabučki profile measurements would be carried out 4 times a year (seasonally). In the northern Adriatic at the eastern stations of the profile from Rovinj to the mouth of the river Po measurements should
perform at least 6 times a year, and more often if necessary, and certainly as much as provided by Descriptor D5. The amount of suspended matter will be sampled in the surface and bottom layers of the water column and at a depth of 10 m during field trips. |
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Features |
Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Eutrophication
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Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Eutrophication
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Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Eutrophication
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Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Hydrographical changes
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Eutrophication
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Hydrographical changes
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Elements |
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GES criteria |
D7C1 |
D7C1 |
D5C4 |
D7C1 |
Parameters |
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Parameter Other |
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Spatial scope |
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Marine reporting units |
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Temporal scope (start date - end date) |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
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Monitoring frequency |
Continually |
Other |
Other |
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Monitoring type |
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Monitoring method |
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Monitoring method other |
Monitoring methodology is provided by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission:
1. UNESCO (1985). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. I - Basic Procedures, 75 pp.
2. UNESCO (1964). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. II: Emerging Technologies. 1994. 72 pp.
3. UNESCO (2002). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. III: Reappraisals and Recommendations as of the year 2000, 55 pp.
4. UNESCO (2006). Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, Vol. IV: An Update to 2006, 78 pp.
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar, G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013.
https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar, G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
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Quality control |
As used in the monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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Data management |
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Data access |
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Related indicator/name |
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Contact |
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References |
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