ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

ESAWaterAccounts

2000-2020

2003-2020

2000-2020

2003-2020

1964-2020

2011-2020

2003-2020

2010-2020

2003-2020

1994-2020

1993-2020

2010-2020

2011-2020

Mostly qualitative description. Both data on existing (on-shore) and planned (off-shore) wind parks is quantitative. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Quantitative assessments are used. For socio-economic indicators and existing trends - 2003, 2008, 2009. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Qualitative and quantitative desctiption. Existing trends 2000-2010 for mining activities. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Quantitative assessments are used. For socio-economic indicators and existing trends - 2003, 2009, 2010. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Qualitative description. Quantitative information regarding submarine cables (1964-2010), and 2011. data for marine infrastructure. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Quantitative and qualitative description of current usa of the sea (2011). Future expected trends (2010-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Quantitative and qualitative description of the sector. For socio-economic indicators and existing trends - 2003, 2009, 2010 - timescale depends on the data provided in the Maritime Policy 2012-2020, for existing trends 2005-2010 (ovenight stays). Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements). The assumption is used, that 15-60% of tourism related indicators is related to tourism.

Mostly qualitative description of current marine research institutes and institutions giving marine related education (status 2009-2010). Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements). Timescale chosen depending on data avalability.

For passenger transport and freight and shipbuilding: Quantitative and qualitative description of the sector. For socio-economic indicators - 2003, 2009, 2010 - timescale depends on the data provided in the Maritime Policy 2012-2020. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Qualitative description of the sector for the 2007, Charasteristics of the sector for 1994-2010 Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Qualitative and quantitative description of the sector for the 1993-2011. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Qualitative and quantitative description of the sector for the 2010. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

Qualitative description of the sector for the 2011. Future expected trends (2011-2020) are based on expert assessment (timescale used to fit MSFD requirements).

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.1. Wind energy. Data from Estonian wind energy association. http://www.tuuleenergia.ee/en/ Socio-economic description of workers in the sector - Eesti energeetika tööjõu uuring, 2011. (The research on estonian employment in energy sector, 2011)

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.5 Fishing sector. Data: Estonian National Accounts, Estonian Maritime Policy 2012-2020, Estonian fishing strategy, Fishing Information Center database. Assessment of profitability of Estonian fishing ships, 2008.

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.3. Marine mining. Data: Statistics from Estonian Land Board

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.3 Ports and relevant services. Data: Estonian Maritime Policy 2012-2020, State port register, other internet sources

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.2. Submarine cables and other marine infrastructure. Data: Nationwide planning Estonia 2030+, http://eesti2030.wordpress.com// , data from Estonian maritime Administration, other literature and internet sources

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.4. Sea use by military and rescue purpose. Data: Estonian Maritime Policy 2011-2020, Nationwide planning Estonia 2030+, Estonian Defence Force web page mil.ee

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.2 Marine tourism. Data: Estonian Maritime Policy 2012-2020, Statistical office of Estonia www.stat.ee; Estonian and World tourism. http://static2.visitestonia.com/docs/67418_eestiturism2010.pdf, Nationwide planning 2030+, terviseamet.ee, Baltic Surve / a study in the Baltic Sea countries of public attitudes and use of the sea (Söderquist et al 2010); and other literature sources.

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.8. (Marine related) research and development. Data: Estonian Maritime Policy 2011-2020,

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.4 Passenger transport and freight, 1.6. Shipbuilding. Data: For passenger transport and freight: Estonian Maritime Policy 2012-2020, Statistical office of Estonia www.stat.ee; Transport Development Plan 2006-2013 https://www.riigiteataja.ee/aktilisa/0000/1278/4604/12784610.pdf; Nationwide Development Plan 2030+ , Estonian transit and logistics http://www.riigikogu.ee/doc.php?50226 and other literature sources, Estonian Ship register http://www.vta.ee/atp/index.php?id=366. For shipbuilding: Estonian Maritime Policy 2012-2020.

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.7. Communal sewage services. Data: Asulareovee puhastamise direktiivi nõuete täitmine http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/failid/vesi/Art_16_aruanne_2010.pdf

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.6. Agriculture. Data: Intensivity of usage of labour force, 2011. http://www.agri.ee/public/Toojou__kasutamise__intensiivsus.pdf, http://www.maainfo.ee/

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.9. Marine protected areas. Data: Estonian Environmental register, other web-based sources http://register.keskkonnainfo.ee/envreg/main#HTTPW6l4UoqQV7xk8PVV51TjiUryJsuILF

The economic and social analysis of Initial Assessment of Estonian marine waters Chapter 1.7.5. Ice Roads. Data: Estonian Road Administration. http://www.mnt.ee/index.php?lang=en

RenewableEnergy

Fisheries

MiningSandGravel

Ports

CablesPipelines

Defence

TourismRecreation

ResearchSurvey

Shipping

Industry

AgricultForestry

UsesActivitiesOther

Currently there are no off-shore wind generators installed in Estonian sea area, though it is expected that 5-10 off-shore wind -parks would be constructed in the near future. By 2020 3-4 off-shore wind parks are expected (about 1 600 MW). Existing wind-generators are situated mostly on the coast (160 MW) and their number and capacity is rapidly increasing since 2002.

2000-2010 - 75-90% of all fishing in Baltic Sea was in open sea. Catch amounts vary from year to year, though there is no clear trend (up to 85 th tonnes of fish per year), or the activity is slightly decreasing. Number of ships - 103 (2007), fishing ports - 276 (2007). Fish processing industry - 56 companies (2009). Most of aquaculture is freshwater based. .

There are 7 areas where there was some mining during the period 2000-2010 (marine mud and construction sand). The extraction is irregular and extracted amounts are variable year to year (0-2 300 th m3/y)

There are 111 marine ports (port passport holders). It is expected that the number of ports (expecially ports dealing with transit) would increase

There are several cables in the Estonian waters of the Baltic sea, connecting the islands and continent, also there is a cable connecting Estonia with Finland (Estlink 1). There are plans to construct second cable connection to Finland and several cables between mainland and off-shore windparks as well cable connecting Estonia with Latvian Curland area

Estonian marine force have 4 ships (2011). The marine areas are planned to be used as exercise areas (for shooting, maneurvres) Rescue on the sea is organised using 1-2 ships, plane, 6 smaller ships (for dealing with pollution incidents, border control).

There were more than 10 million people using marine transport in 2011. These numbers were increasing with the rate 2% per year during 2005-2011. The share of marine tourism in different indicators related to tourism is estimated to be between 15 and 60%. There are ca 300 cruise ships per year visiting Estonia with, over than 0,4 million passengers. There are 27 beaches in Estonia and in 94 recreational ships registered in Ship's register.

There are several institutions where it is possible to get marine-related education (both high and professional education). Additionaly there are two institutes with the marine competence within the two biggest Estonian universities. The impact on environment from this activities is described (both negative and positive). Marine related research and monitoring is going to increase due to MSFD and other international agreements.

There were more than 10 million people using marine transport in 2011. This numbers were increasing with the rate 2% per year during 2005-2011.

The pollution load of the waste waters has decreased substantionally since 1994. Starting from 2005 the BHT7, N and P content is remaining stable. 22% of waste waters run directly into the sea, additionally some part of the waters get into the sea through rivers.

Both agricultural land and production are increasing, but the usage on fertilizers has decreased in comparison to 1992-1993. 57% of N and 26% of P pollution load to water is coming from agriculture (most of it ends in the sea)

IceRoads. There are 6 different ice roads with the total lenght of 80 km constructed in the winter time on the ice connecting continent with the nearest islands. The influence on the ice roads on marine environment is minimal.

lessthan1%

Unknown_NotAssessed

lessthan1%

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

25-50%

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

High

Moderate

Low

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

Low

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

03111 - marine fishing, 03121 - freshwater fishing, 03211 - marine aquaculture , 03221 - fresh-water aquaculture , 10201 – fish processing;

NotRelevant

52101, 52102, 52221, 52229, 52241, 52291

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

50, 55, 56, 55101, 55102, 55103, 86905,

NotRelevant

30111, 30112, 30121, 33151, 50101, 50201, 50202, 50292, 50301, 50401, 78301

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

Stable

Decreasing

Stable

Stable

Increasing

Increasing

Increasing

Increasing

Increasing

Decreasing

Increasing

Stable

2002-2011

2000-2010

2002-2010

2003-2010

1964-2011

2007-2011

2003-2011

2010-2010

2005-2011

1994-2010

1994-2010

2011-2011

Increase

BeStable

Increase

Increase

Increase

BeStable

Increase

Increase

Increase

BeStable

Increase

BeStable

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2011-2020

2010-2020

2010-2020

No off-shore parks are installed by 2011. Off-shore Windparks, if erected could cover 50-60% domestic electricity demand by 2030

Value of cath - 13,7 million EUR. Trend not assessed.

There are 7 areas where there was some mining during the period 2000-2010 (marine mud and construction sand). The extraction is irregular and extracted amounts are variable year to year (0-2 300 th m3/y)

Estimated production value was increasing over the years 2000-2006 from 38- 150 to 69-270 million euros

0

Production value (€ million) (value of catch) 13,782

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Production value (€ million) 69 - 270 (2006)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

High

Moderate

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

Low

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

2010 - Estimation based on tax office & business register data - 26,8 million EUR, based on national statistics (includind inland fishing) - 17 million EUR (2008). Fishing constitutes up to 0,34% of all economics and up to 6,2% of marine economics.

2003-2010 - increase from 146 million to 343,2 million EUR. Ports and the activities related to ports consititute 79,7% of marine economics value added and 4,4% of all economy value added (2010).

Value added slightly rising over the years 2003 - 2010 (2003 - 21,5 million EUR, 2009 - 21,1 million EUR, 2010 - 22,6 million EUR). Share of marine tourism in marine economy (2010) - 5,3%, share of marine tourism in the whole economy - 0,29%.

For the activity - Passenger transportation and freight: 4,1% of all marine economy value added and 0,23% of the whole economy. In 2010 (17,8 million euros) and 2009 (19,1 million euros) the value added has decreased when compared to the value added in 2003 (48,3 million euros). For the activity - ship construction (2010) : 4,6% of marine economy value added and 0,26% of the whole economy. In 2010 (20,0 million euros) and 2009 (57,3 million euros) the value added has decreased when compared to the value added in 2003 (9,0 million euros).

The proportion of agriculture and hunting in overall value added has been 1,6-2,1% during 2006-2011. In absoulte numbers the value added has declined 2007-2009 and has been rising 2010-2011

0

Value-added (€ million) 26,8

Unknown_NotAssessed

Value-added (€ million) 343,2 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Value-added (€ million) 21,1 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Value-added (€ million) 37,8 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Value-added (€ million) 291

Unknown_NotAssessed

High

Moderate

NotRelevant

Moderate

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

Moderate

NotRelevant

Moderate

NotRelevant

High

NotRelevant

Creates jobs in electronics, metal and costruction industries and shipping during construction. During the operation creates jobs in maintenance and shipping.

2010 - fishing sector gives 0,54% jobs in economy and 15% jobs of marine economy. Fishing is mostly additional income to some other job and is losing its importance.

2010 - 33,9% of the employed in marine economy and 1,22% of the employed in the whole economy. In 2010 (6 985) and 2009 (5 893 FTE) the employment in this sector has increased when compared to the employment in 2003 (6 363 FTE).

2010 - 18,8% of the employed in marine economy and 0,68% of the employed in the whole economy. In 2010 (3 869 FTE) and 2009 (3 971 FTE) the employment in this sector has increased when compared to the employment in 2003 (1 717FTE).

For the activity - Passenger and commodity transportation (2010): 17,7% of all employed in marine economy value added and 0,64% of the emloyed in the whole economy. In 2010 (3 648 FTE) and 2009 (3 341 FTE) the employment in this sector has increased when compared to the employment in 2003 (2 132 FTE). For the activity - ship construction (2010) : 14,5% of all employed in marine economy and 0,52% of all employed in the whole economy. In 2010 (2 985 FTE) and 2009 (2 221 FTE) the employment in this sector has increased when compared to the employment in 2003 (1 861 FTE).

0

Employment (direct) (*1000 FTE) 3,094 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Employment (direct) (*1000 FTE) 6,985 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Employment (direct) (*1000 FTE) 3,869 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Employment (direct) (*1000 FTE) 6,6 (2010)

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

High

Moderate

NotRelevant

Moderate

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

Moderate

NotRelevant

Moderate

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

Off-shore windparks installed capacity

Export of fish and fishing commoditites

Agricultural land

Off-shore windparks installed capacity 0 MW

Export of fish and fishing commodities 2010 - 131 th tonnes, (€ million) 135

High

Moderate

Off-shore windparks production volume

Number of enterprises

Number of enterprizes involved in agriculture activities (data from Tax office register)

Off-shore windparks production volume 0 GWh

Number of enterprises 11 168 (2012)

High

High

Sector is presented in order to describe the potential impact of it on environment, but as no activity currently taking place, therefore economic indicators are not assessed.

Information gaps exist related to catch statistics due to estimated high share (up to 30%) of illegal fishing. Data can be improved by strengthening enforcement and control. Data in national accounts is insufficiant/2 digit NACE level. It is advised to collect more detailed data and consider developing marine accounts.

For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established

Data in national accounts is insufficiant/2 digit NACE level. Not possile to present data related to this activity. It is advised to collect more detailed data and consider developing marine accounts in order to link national accounts with pressures data.

For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established

For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established

Data in national accounts is insufficiant/2 digit NACE level. It is advised to collect more detailed data and consider developing marine accounts. There is a need to improve the methodology to assess sea-related share in tourism (for the estimation of production value - currently the range 15-60% is used). The outcomes of GES-REG project could be used for this purpose.

For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established

Data in national accounts is insufficiant/2 digit NACE level. It is advised to collect more detailed data and consider developing marine accounts.

For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established. No special method for estimation of sea-related share was established.

For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established to estimate sea-related share of agriculture (the data is presented for agriculture overall). For employment data is even more aggregated. It is intended to use outcomes of GES-REG projects to harmonise the approaches between the countries in the future (next round of IA) for estimation of sea-relatted share.

IceRoads. For assessment of employment and value added - no special method was established.

ShallRock

SeabedHabitatsAll

ShallSand

ShallMxdSed

SeabedHabitatsAll

ShelfMxdSed

ShallSand

SeabedHabitatsAll

ShelfMxdSed

SeabedHabitatsAll

ShallMxdSed

SeabedHabitatsAll

Loss of the sea bottom habitat due to placement of basements for wind-turbine masts and underwater cables; disturbnce of the water column during the construction ; Disturbance of migration and feeding of sea-birds during the operation ; Disturbance of hydrological processes due to placement of basements and masts as barriers

Reduction of the fish-stock due to commercial overfishing and illegal fishing; Destruction of the sea bottom habitats due to bottom trawling; Mortality of sea-mamals and sea-birds due to bycatch

Temporary (2-5 year) destruction of the bottom habitat; Temporary(during excavation) spreading of the solids into water column; Temporary (2-5 year) disturbance of hydrological processes

Physical damage and change of bottom habitats due to placement of harbour infrastructure, dredging of sediments and ship traffic; Changes in hydrological conditions due to placement of harbour infrastructure and dredging; Introduction of Invasive Alien Species into marine environment carried by ships from other sea areas

Damage and disturbance of the bottom and water column habitats during the construction: dredging the bottom, dumping cable and covering cable with covermaterial; Introduction of electro-magnetic radiation during the operation of underwater electric cables ;

Exposure of the marine environment to noise due to explosions and shooting during the military excesises at sea; Reslease of chemicals into marine environment due to use of ammunitions and explosives during the military excersiseas at sea; Physical disturbance of marine environment due to explosion of mines and other ammunition from past wars during clearance of sea bottom

Littering of the sea and coast due to recreational use of sea (sailing, cruising, bathing, fishing etc.); Pollution of the coatal sea with nutrients and ortganic substances by the coastal recreational facilities; Physical disturbance of the coastal and sea habitats and species caused by mass and non-regulated use of sea and coastal areas for recreational activities

Biological disturbance of the seabed and water column habitats and species by sampling due to scientific research and regular monitoring of the quality of marine environment

Physical disturbance of the marine environment due to movement and anchoring of the ships; Pollution of the marine environment with hazardous substances during the accidents of ships and release of cargo and/or bunker fuels into sea; Introduction and spreading the invasive alien species in the marine environment carried by the ships

Release and sedimentation of various hazardous substances emitted to the air by industrial and combustion facilities into marine environment; Release of nutrient into marine environment through controlled sewage outlets during the operation of various industrial plants; Release of various substances into marine environment through controlled sewage outlets during the operation of various industrial plants

Release of nutrients into marine environment through controlled sewage outlets during the operation of various industrial plants and causing eutrophication of the sea; Release of various substances into marine environment through rivers from the usage of pesticides in catchment areas;

PhysLoss_Seal-1

ExtractSpeciesFishShellfish-1

PhysLoss-1

PhysDam-1

PhysDam-0

Noise-1

Litter-1

ExtractSpeciesAll-1

PhysDisturbance-1

IntroHazSubstOther-2

NutrientOrgEnrich-1

NotReported-NotReported

PhysDisturbance-3

PhysDam-2

PhysDisturbance-3

ChangeHydrology-2

PhysDisturbance-0

IntroHazSubstOther-3

NutrientOrgEnrich-2

NotReported-NotReported

AcutePollutionEvents-2

NutrientOrgEnrich-3

IntroHazSubstOther-2

NotReported-NotReported

ChangeHydrology-2

ExtractSpeciesAll-3

ChangeHydrology-2

IntroNIS-3

NotReported-NotReported

PhysDisturbance-2

PhysDisturbance-3

NotReported-NotReported

IntroNIS-3

SystematicReleaseSubst-1

NotReported-NotReported

NotReported-NotReported

HazardousSubstances(oil spills)

InvasiveSpecies

Hazardous substances may enter into marine environmnet due to industrial actievities and adjascent emissions as well due to accidental release of hazardouus cargous and/or bunker fuels into sea from ships (oil spills, chemicals leakage), There are yearly tens of spills detected in Estonian marine area. As number of ships on voyage is increasing, it is estimated that every 5th year major ship accident with large spill may occure

Invasive species. In Baltic sea area more than 120 invasive species has been registered. Due to growing shipping and due to climate impacts (warming and decrease of salinity) it is expected that new invasive species may occure.

Hazardous substances (oil spills). Quality and availability of majority ecosystem services of marine environment are disturbed and/or destroyed for several years due to the pollution of water and coast with oil-products. Direct impact is mortality of marine life (birds, mammals), reduction of oxygen level of water, cancerogenic substances penetration to the food chain, loss of recreational value etc.

Distribution patterns and food basis of native species are affected and due to introduction and spreading of invasive alien species. Distrurbance and damage to the commercial harvesting of native species (fish, shellfish) and/or to the marine infrastructure may occure and economic losses caused as consequence.

Declined value added/Loss of jobs for/in fishing industry (assuming 10% decline in value added) - 2 million euros, 200 jobs; around 2 million per year per selected invasive specie (cost to shipping and port infrastructure)

Low

GES not defined by the time of writing the report .

No specific studies carried out for assessing COD. Valuation study from 2004 for assessing spreading patterns of invasive species in Estonian sea area. Difficult to project the future developments of the theme (high uncertainty). GES not defined by the time of writing the report

NotReported-NotReported

NotReported-NotReported

NotReported-NotReported

NotReported-NotReported

NotReported-NotReported

NotReported-NotReported