Member State report / Art8esa / 2018 / Estonia
| Report type | Member State report to Commission |
| MSFD Article | Art. 8.1c Economic and social analysis |
| Report due | 2018-10-15 |
| Member State | Estonia |
| Reported by | Estonian Environment Agency |
| Report date | 2020-04-06 |
| Report access | msfd2018-ART8_ESA_FINAL2019_.xml |
Baltic Sea
Marine reporting unit |
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Feature |
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
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Fish and shellfish processing
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Marine plant harvesting
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Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell)
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Transmission of electricity and communications (cables)
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Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure
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Coastal defence and flood protection
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Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials
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Tourism and leisure activities
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Tourism and leisure infrastructure
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Transport infrastructure
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Transport - shipping
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All urban and industrial uses
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Industrial uses
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Educational
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All biological pressures
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Input or spread of non-indigenous species
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Acute pollution events
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Eutrophication
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NACE codes |
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Related GES component |
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Description |
Estonian statistical data does not distinguish professional and recreational fishing data. Fishing in Baltic Sea is divided into two sectors: coastal fishing and trawling. Coastal fishing is carried out in Estonian territorial waters and trawling is carried out in Estonian territorial waters together with economic exclusive zone.
Most important commercially exploited fish species in coastal fishing are Baltic herring, perch, pikeperch, European smelt, flounder, garfish, roach, prussian carp and vimba.
Most important commercially exploited fish species in trawling are Baltic sprat and Baltic herring.
Yearly average total amount of fish extracted by Estonian fishermen is 57420 tonnes. |
Average amount of commercial fish caught from Estonian waters and being processed in Estonia in the period 2012-2016 was 770 tonnes per year. |
Only one marine macrophyte specie Furcellaria lumbricalis is harvested for commercial use in Estonia. As there is one company dealing with it, the economical data of processing this specie is classified.
The total amount of Furcellaria lumbricalis that was trawled from Estonian waters in years 2011-2015 was 2312 tonnes. |
Marine uses related to extraction of minerals are covering sand and peloid mining in Estonia.
There have been no mining of sand carried out in the assessment period (2011-2016).
There is no public data available about mining of peloid however total peloid resources in Estonian marine area are estimated to 1353,8 thousand tons and covering the area of 142 hectares.
There was no data available about employment, production values and value added. |
Marine uses related to transmission of electricity and communications are covering electricity and communication cables. There are many electricity and communication cables in Estonian waters connecting mainland with the islands and there are also international cables. Detailed information about the the cables is not publicly available. The cables and their impact zone is estimated with 5x5 km grids. Totally 3525 km2 from 36 500 km2 Estonian marine area is under the impact of cables. |
Currently there is no marine uses related to renewable energy production and any infrastructure related to that in Estonia.
However there are intentions for constructing offshore wind parks in future. |
Marine uses related to coastal defence and flood protection are covering coastal defence constructions which are built for flood protection, reducing erosion and changing wave dynamics.
For building coastal defence constructions permits for the special use of water are needed. Data about issued permits was available from period 2011-2015. Average number of issued permits for the special use of water in regard to coastal defence constructions in the period 2011-2015 was 2,5 permits per year.
There was no data available about employment, production values and value added. |
Marine uses related to restructuring of seabed morphology are covering dredging and depositing of materials.
For dredging and depositing of materials permits for the special use of water are needed. Data about the issued permits was available from period 2012-2016.
Average number of issued permits for the special use of water regarding dredging and depositing of materials in the period 2012-2016 was 6 permits per year. Yearly average amount of material dredged and deposited was 499 990 tonnes.
There was no data available about employment, production values and value added. |
Tourism high season in Estonia is summer (June-August). Marine related tourism can be related mainly to cities located by the sea. The biggest and most visited cities near the sea are Tallinn, Pärnu, Kuressaare, Narva-Jõesuu and Haapsalu.
In addition the visitability of small Estonian ports is taken into account. Average number of tourists visiting smaller Estonian ports was 33264 tourists per year. |
According to state port register data from year 2016 there were 196 ports in Estonia, from which 27 were cargo ports. |
Companies dealing with passenger transportation are dominating in shipping sector. In total 66 shipping companies dealing with passenger transportation were registered in year 2014. |
All urban and industrial uses are related through different pressures like nutrient and hazardous substances inflows from wastewater management plants, rivers and from atmospheric deposition. More detailed information about urban and industrial uses are not available. |
Ship building sector in Estonia can be divided into two: 1) ship building and repairing and 2) small ship building. In total, there is 79 companies in ship building sector. |
Science and educational institutions have supporting role for maritime sectors providing knowledge and knowhow to find innovative ways to improve their activities in more environmentally friendly way. In addition they have competence in research and environmental assessment activities. The main educational and research institutions in Estonia that are actively dealing with marine environmental and maritime issues are Tallinn University of Technology and their Department of Marine Systems, Estonian Maritime Academy and Kuressaare College of Tallinn University of Technoloy, The Estonian Marine Institute of University of Tartu, Reval Marine and Offshore Training School and Estonian Nautical School. |
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Employment (direct *1000 FTE) |
1.85 |
2.47 |
5.2 |
2.5 |
9.07 |
0.77 |
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Production value (€ million) |
212.0 |
460.0 |
1040.0 |
78.0 |
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Value added (€ million) |
53.0 |
79.0 |
24.0 |
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Related pressures |
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Related indicators |
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Related ecosystem services |
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Cost of degradation: description |
Cost of degradation (CoD) is assessed using willingness to pay approach. It means that people were asked how much they would be willing to pay for improving the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in relation to tourism and leisure activities on or near the sea. Therefore no detailed costs related to degradation can be brought out. |
Cost of degradation (CoD) is assessed using willingness to pay approach. It means that people were asked how much they would be willing to pay for improving the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in relation to biodiversity. Therefore no detailed costs related to degradation can be brought out. |
Cost of degradation (CoD) is assessed using willingness to pay approach. It means that people were asked how much they would be willing to pay for improving the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in relation to preventing input and spreading of the non-indigenous species. Therefore no detailed costs related to degradation can be brought out. |
Cost of degradation (CoD) is assessed using willingness to pay approach. It means that people were asked how much they would be willing to pay for improving the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in relation to reducing oil and chemical pollution risk in seawater and on the beaches. Therefore no detailed costs related to degradation can be brought out. |
Cost of degradation (CoD) is assessed using willingness to pay approach. It means that people were asked how much they would be willing to pay for improving the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in relation to eutrophication. Therefore no detailed costs related to degradation can be brought out. |
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Cost of degradation: approach |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
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Cost of degradation: type |
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Cost of degradation: results |
Estonians were willing to pay 7 € per person per year for better marine environment in relation to tourism and leisure activities on or near the sea. According to Estonian population statistics data from 2017 the total willingness to pay was estimated to 6,8 million Euros. |
Estonians were willing to pay 3-5 € per person per year for better marine environment in relation to biodiversity. According to Estonian population statistics data from 2015 the total willingness to pay was estimated to 3-5 million Euros. |
Estonians were willing to pay 4 € per person per year for better marine environment preventing input and spreading of the non-indigenous species. According to Estonian population statistics data from 2017 the total willingness to pay was estimated to 4 million Euros. |
Estonians were willing to pay 7 € per person per year for better marine environment in relation to reducing oil and chemical pollution risk in seawater and also 7 € per person per year for better marine environment in relation to reducing oil and chemical pollution risk on the beaches.
According to Estonian population statistics data from 2017 the total willingness to pay was estimated 6,8 million Euros for reducing oil and chemical pollution risk in seawater and 6,8 million Euros for reducing oil and chemical pollution risk on the beaches.
Total willingness to pay for improving the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in relation to reducing oil and chemical pollution risk in seawater and on the beaches was estimated to 13,6 million Euros. |
Estonians were willing to pay 21-30€ per person per year for better marine environment in relation to reducing eutrophication. According to Estonian population statistics data from 2017 the total willingness to pay was estimated to 20-30 million Euros which can be considered as cost of degradation value due to eutrophication. |
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Related indicators |