9.1.2

9.1.2

9.1.2

LevelPressureBathingLower

LevelPressureBathingHigher

LevelPressureShellfishLower

LevelPressureShellfishHigher

LevelPressureOther

ImpactPressureShellfish

MicrobialPathogensBathingWater

MicrobialPathogensShellfishWater

MicrobialPathogensImpactShellfishWater

The threshold values used in Bathing Waters Directive

5

5

5

Good

NotAssessed

NotAssessed

Stable

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

High

NotRelevant

NotRelevant

"There is no large scale monitoring program specifically addressing the occurrence of pathogens for the most dangerous human diseases. Instead, there is the standard monitoring under the EU Bathing Water Directive which includes the high frequency sampling (every second week) during all the warm 6 months period of the year. This monitoring scheme comprises microbial indicators (E. coli, Intestinal enterococci) which provide evidence of contamination of the coastal water with microbes from land based sources and particularly with faeces of warm blooded vertebrates. Although the zone monitored is the coastal one, where normally anthropogenic pressures are high and complex, the results during the past 20 years invariably showed that more than 95% of the stations conform with the mandatory and guide values, whereas only 0,23% showed insufficient water quality according to the assessment under the 2006/7/EC ."

"Regarding the monitoring of shellfish waters, there are 14 major areas for harvesting and/or cultivation of shellfish most in the Northern Aegean and 2 in the Ionian Sea. The monitoring scheme is carried out by accredited state laboratories and the regulatory decisions are issued by the Ministry for Rural Development and Food (MRDF). The results of this monitoring system are not publicly accessible but judging from the MRDF decisions (http://www.minagric.gr/index.php/el/for-farmer/animal-production/aquaculture-animals/) regarding the closure of contaminated areas it is likely that some of the sites become unsuitable from time to time due to microbial pollution, biotoxins or other monitored variables. The sites which are used for shellfish production/harvesting are not typical of the average (oligotrophic) conditions and the Hellenic marine environment. In most cases they are located in areas with significant freshwater inputs from relatively big rivers which induce enhancement of primary production and abundance of phytoplankton."

The main concern about microbial pathogens discussed here is the effect on human health since the microbes monitored in this section are normally not harmful for marine animals themselves. When ingested by humans (usually with sea food) they may cause various diseases, occasionally even severe ones such as typhoid fever, cholera, infectious hepatitis and many other gastrointestinal infections (Rippey 1994). On the other hand, shellfish poisoning has also been reported to result in mortality of marine animals particularly at higher trophic levels such as marine mammals and birds (Zaccaroni & Scaravelli 2008).

High

High

Non related GES component

Non related GES component

Non related GES component

Stable

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Be stable

Unknown_NotAssessed

Unknown_NotAssessed

Microbiological contamination of the marine environment with pathogens is usually a result of discharge of treated or untreated sewage from human or animal origin in the sea. This may be due to discharges from land or ships and animal excrement (e.g., from wild or farmed animals in coastal areas or in catchments), especially after storms.

Microbiological contamination of the marine environment with pathogens is usually a result of discharge of treated or untreated sewage from human or animal origin in the sea. This may be due to discharges from land or ships and animal excrement (e.g., from wild or farmed animals in coastal areas or in catchments), especially after storms.

Microbiological contamination of the marine environment with pathogens is usually a result of discharge of treated or untreated sewage from human or animal origin in the sea. This may be due to discharges from land or ships and animal excrement (e.g., from wild or farmed animals in coastal areas or in catchments), especially after storms.

Microbiological contamination of the marine environment with pathogens is usually a result of discharge of treated or untreated sewage from human or animal origin in the sea. This may be due to discharges from land or ships and animal excrement (e.g., from wild or farmed animals in coastal areas or in catchments), especially after storms.

Microbiological contamination of the marine environment with pathogens is usually a result of discharge of treated or untreated sewage from human or animal origin in the sea. This may be due to discharges from land or ships and animal excrement (e.g., from wild or farmed animals in coastal areas or in catchments), especially after storms.

Microbiological contamination of the marine environment with pathogens is usually a result of discharge of treated or untreated sewage from human or animal origin in the sea. This may be due to discharges from land or ships and animal excrement (e.g., from wild or farmed animals in coastal areas or in catchments), especially after storms.

• Aquaculture
• NotReported
• Urban

• Aquaculture
• NotReported
• Urban

• Aquaculture
• NotReported
• Urban

• Aquaculture
• NotReported
• Urban

• Aquaculture
• NotReported
• Urban

• Aquaculture
• NotReported
• Urban

For the shellfish contamination there is a need that MRDF gives consensus to disclose the available information and to make it available for analysis. Analysis of the existing data may be done in the next few months provided that the data will be in suitable format and covering adequate scales. At present it is not possible to provide an estimate for the suitability of the data although the quality of the analyses is most probably of sufficient standard to fulfill the requirements of the Shellfish Water Directive.

For the shellfish contamination there is a need that MRDF gives consensus to disclose the available information and to make it available for analysis. Analysis of the existing data may be done in the next few months provided that the data will be in suitable format and covering adequate scales. At present it is not possible to provide an estimate for the suitability of the data although the quality of the analyses is most probably of sufficient standard to fulfill the requirements of the Shellfish Water Directive.

For the shellfish contamination there is a need that MRDF gives consensus to disclose the available information and to make it available for analysis. Analysis of the existing data may be done in the next few months provided that the data will be in suitable format and covering adequate scales. At present it is not possible to provide an estimate for the suitability of the data although the quality of the analyses is most probably of sufficient standard to fulfill the requirements of the Shellfish Water Directive.

For the shellfish contamination there is a need that MRDF gives consensus to disclose the available information and to make it available for analysis. Analysis of the existing data may be done in the next few months provided that the data will be in suitable format and covering adequate scales. At present it is not possible to provide an estimate for the suitability of the data although the quality of the analyses is most probably of sufficient standard to fulfill the requirements of the Shellfish Water Directive.

For the shellfish contamination there is a need that MRDF gives consensus to disclose the available information and to make it available for analysis. Analysis of the existing data may be done in the next few months provided that the data will be in suitable format and covering adequate scales. At present it is not possible to provide an estimate for the suitability of the data although the quality of the analyses is most probably of sufficient standard to fulfill the requirements of the Shellfish Water Directive.

For the shellfish contamination there is a need that MRDF gives consensus to disclose the available information and to make it available for analysis. Analysis of the existing data may be done in the next few months provided that the data will be in suitable format and covering adequate scales. At present it is not possible to provide an estimate for the suitability of the data although the quality of the analyses is most probably of sufficient standard to fulfill the requirements of the Shellfish Water Directive.