Member State report / Art8esa / 2018 / Finland

Report type Member State report to Commission
MSFD Article Art. 8.1c Economic and social analysis
Report due 2018-10-15
Member State Finland
Reported by Finnish Environment Institute
Report date 2019-04-10
Report access msfd2018-ART8_ESA_3Jan2019.xml

Baltic Sea

Marine reporting unit
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
  • BAL-FI
Feature
Agriculture
Aquaculture - marine, including infrastructure
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)
Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell)
Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure
Transmission of electricity and communications (cables)
Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure
All activities related to tourism and leisure
Transport infrastructure
Transport - shipping
Waste treatment and disposal
All pressures
NACE codes
Related GES component
  • D1.1; D1.2; D1.4; D1.6; D11; D2; D3; D4/D1; D5; D6/D1; D7; D8; D9
Description
Agriculture produces nutrient inputs to sea. This activity was assessed as 'avoided nutrient removal costs' if the nutrients were released to sea. These costs are 1469 M€ and are expected to decrease in future. The estimation method was cost-based.
Marine aquaculture is an increasing activity in Finland. The 'value added' is the gross value added. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Fishing is an increasing sector in Finland. The 'value added' is the gross value added. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Six million cubic meters of sand were extracted during 2001-2015. Plans for 23 M m3 exist. The activity is not currently growing. The estimation method was marine accounting.
There is one gas pipeline through Finland's marine waters and another one in construction. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Cables are an increasing activity in Finland. There are five electricity cables with transmission capacity 2450 MW. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Wind energy production is an increasing activity in Finland. No other renewable energy production takes place at sea. Estimated employment is currently 378 years with the assumption that a wind farm of 100 MW gives employment for 1180 person years. 32 MW is produced by 11 turbines at the moment. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Tourism and leisure (recreational) activities were assessed separately in Finland as living in summertime properties is wide-spread and not seen as tourism. Tourism: value added 284 M€ and 7250 persons employed. Recreational use: production value 1040 M€. The 'added value' is the gross value added. The estimation method for tourism was marine accounting and for the leisure activity based on ecosystem services.
Ports are an increasing activity in Finland. There are 39 sea ports in Finland with turnover of 106 Mt freight per year. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Shipping was divided to cargo shipping and passenger shipping. Here they are reported combined. The activities are expected to increase in Finland. The 'value added' is the gross value added. The estimation method was marine accounting.
Municipal waste water treatment to reduce nutrient inputs to sea. Activity was assessed as 'avoided nutrient removal costs' if the nutrients were released to sea. These costs are 126 M€ and they are expected to decrease in future. The estimation method was cost-based.
Employment (direct *1000 FTE)
0.515
1.847
7.25
9.241
Production value (€ million)
1040.0
Value added (€ million)
16.6
15.5
284.0
681.6
Related pressures
  • PresInputNut; PresPhyHydroCond
  • PresBioIntroMicroPath; PresBioIntroNIS; PresInputNut; PresInputOrg; PresPhyLoss
  • PresBioDisturbSpp; PresBioExtractSpp; PresEnvSoundContinuous
  • PresInputSound; PresPhyDisturbSeabed; PresPhyLoss
  • PresInputOthEnergy; PresInputSound; PresPhyLoss
  • PresInputOthEnergy; PresInputSound; PresPhyDisturbSeabed
  • PresBioExtractSpp; PresPhyDisturbSeabed; PresPhyLoss
  • PresBioDisturbSpp; PresInputLitter; PresInputNut; PresPhyDisturbSeabed; PresPhyHydroCond; PresPhyLoss
  • PresBioIntroNIS; PresInputCont; PresInputLitter; PresInputOthEnergy; PresInputSound; PresPhyDisturbSeabed; PresPhyHydroCond; PresPhyLoss
  • PresBioIntroNIS; PresInputCont; PresInputNut; PresInputOrg; PresInputSound; PresPhyDisturbSeabed
  • PresInputNut; PresPhyHydroCond
Related indicators
Related ecosystem services
  • Chemical condition of salt waters
  • EcosysServEnerAnimals; EcosysServMainCondNurs
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
  • EcosysServInteracPhyRecreat2; EcosysServInteracSpiAll
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
  • Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings
Cost of degradation: description
The cost of degradation assessment provides monetary estimates of the benefits of achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) in the Finnish marine waters of the Baltic Sea. The designed contingent valuation study addresses the non-market benefits related to all descriptors defining GES in the Baltic Sea. Double-counting is avoided when all descriptors, which are to some extent overlapping, are included in a single study. A payment card approach was used as an elicitation format. Finland assessed the cost of degradation by qualitatively describing the current state of marine environment and the marine environment in GES for all the 11 descriptors which were grouped to 'biodiversity', 'non-indigenous species', 'fish stocks', 'eutrophication', 'hazardous substances' and 'physical impacts'. The descriptions are given in the a background report of the Finland's paper report. According to the MSFD, the target is to achieve GES by 2020. However, as it was unrealistic to claim that the changes would take place by 2020 (within 3 years of the survey), a more plausible target year of 2040 was used instead based on expert opinions by marine scientists. The analysis is described in Finland's national report in Chapter 5.8.
Cost of degradation: approach
Other
Cost of degradation: type
Cost of degradation: results
Annual benefit of achieving GES in Finland's marine waters was assessed as 409 M€ per year (105-123 € per person). The assessment was made for the time period until 2040, which sums up to 6.8 billion €.
Related indicators