Member State report / Art11 / 2014-2020 / D1-P / Croatia / Mediterranean: Adriatic Sea
| Report type | Member State report to Commission |
| MSFD Article | Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates) |
| Report due | 2014-10-15; 2020-10-15 |
| GES Descriptor | D1 Pelagic habitats |
| Member State | Croatia |
| Region/subregion | Mediterranean: Adriatic Sea |
| Reported by | Institute for Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia |
| Report date | 2014-09-04; 2020-10-15 |
| Report access |
2014 data
2020 data
| Monitoring programme | Monitoring programme name | MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_SeabedHabitats |
MP_D1_4_6_WaterColumnHabitats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitoring programme | Reference existing programme | MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D014 |
| Monitoring programme | Marine Unit ID |
|
|
|
|
|
| Q4e - Programme ID | MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D0146 |
MADHR-D014 |
|
| Q4f - Programme description | The assessment of GES for sea floor integrity in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is based on conclusions and proposals by MSFD Task Group 6 Report. According to that Report it is necessary to identify ecological structures and functions of particular importance, and human pressures to environment. That is described in the Initial Assessment. For the components and pressures of the ecosystems that were identified as being of the greatest importance, it is necessary to use appropriate Attributes and Indicators to assess status relative to preidentified standards for GES. The assessment of GES based on specific attributes of sea floor has to start with the highest risk strata. Based on the list of the attributes of the sea floor integrity proposed by MSFD Task Group 6, for GES assessments of the sea floor integrity attribute Substrate was chosen.
Posidonia beds: Posidonia meadows are threatened by various human activity, the most prominent being anthropogenic eutrophication, construction and gravel dumping, mooring, fishing using forbidden bottom trawling tools and spreading of invasive species. Regional approach is needed for further improvement of monitoring methods, intercalibration and data comparison. Through regional approach changes of global importance can be determined (e. g. global warming).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Photophilic algal communities (NKS G.3.6.1.), is a part of Reef habitat types according to EUNIS habitat type classification. They represent a predominant habitat type which appears on infralittoral rocky bottom of Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea. The presence of certain algal species is determined by natural and anthropogenic conditions. In the polluted waters, due to discharge of waste or industrial water, a special form of vegetation is developed in the area of the infralittoral. Algal communities under certain stress caused by natural or anthropogenic changes, react in reduction of biodiversity.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous outcrops, which are hard bottoms of biogenic origin that thrive under dim light conditions, represent an endemic habitat for the Mediterranean Sea. They are common all around the Mediterranean coasts (UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA 2008) and widespread along the Croatian coast. However, this habitat is insufficiently studied and there are no precise historical as well as recent data on its distribution and status. Special care has to be taken with the commercial exploitation of red coral (Corallium rubrum) whose stocks seem to have strongly declined in most areas. Although protected by different legislation, it still can be commercially harvested with no supporting monitoring so far. It is estimated how its colonies are drastically reduced with no information about regeneration success. Red coral should be widely distributed in Adriatic as well as in Mediterranean Sea. Several action plans on the Mediterranean level have proposed ban of harvesting and monitoring of its colonies. |
The assessment of GES for sea floor integrity in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is based on conclusions and proposals by MSFD Task Group 6 Report. According to that Report it is necessary to identify ecological structures and functions of particular importance, and human pressures to environment. That is described in the Initial Assessment. For the components and pressures of the ecosystems that were identified as being of the greatest importance, it is necessary to use appropriate Attributes and Indicators to assess status relative to preidentified standards for GES. The assessment of GES based on specific attributes of sea floor has to start with the highest risk strata. Based on the list of the attributes of the sea floor integrity proposed by MSFD Task Group 6, for GES assessments of the sea floor integrity attribute Substrate was chosen.
Posidonia beds: Posidonia meadows are threatened by various human activity, the most prominent being anthropogenic eutrophication, construction and gravel dumping, mooring, fishing using forbidden bottom trawling tools and spreading of invasive species. Regional approach is needed for further improvement of monitoring methods, intercalibration and data comparison. Through regional approach changes of global importance can be determined (e. g. global warming).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Photophilic algal communities (NKS G.3.6.1.), is a part of Reef habitat types according to EUNIS habitat type classification. They represent a predominant habitat type which appears on infralittoral rocky bottom of Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea. The presence of certain algal species is determined by natural and anthropogenic conditions. In the polluted waters, due to discharge of waste or industrial water, a special form of vegetation is developed in the area of the infralittoral. Algal communities under certain stress caused by natural or anthropogenic changes, react in reduction of biodiversity.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous outcrops, which are hard bottoms of biogenic origin that thrive under dim light conditions, represent an endemic habitat for the Mediterranean Sea. They are common all around the Mediterranean coasts (UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA 2008) and widespread along the Croatian coast. However, this habitat is insufficiently studied and there are no precise historical as well as recent data on its distribution and status. Special care has to be taken with the commercial exploitation of red coral (Corallium rubrum) whose stocks seem to have strongly declined in most areas. Although protected by different legislation, it still can be commercially harvested with no supporting monitoring so far. It is estimated how its colonies are drastically reduced with no information about regeneration success. Red coral should be widely distributed in Adriatic as well as in Mediterranean Sea. Several action plans on the Mediterranean level have proposed ban of harvesting and monitoring of its colonies. |
The assessment of GES for sea floor integrity in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is based on conclusions and proposals by MSFD Task Group 6 Report. According to that Report it is necessary to identify ecological structures and functions of particular importance, and human pressures to environment. That is described in the Initial Assessment. For the components and pressures of the ecosystems that were identified as being of the greatest importance, it is necessary to use appropriate Attributes and Indicators to assess status relative to preidentified standards for GES. The assessment of GES based on specific attributes of sea floor has to start with the highest risk strata. Based on the list of the attributes of the sea floor integrity proposed by MSFD Task Group 6, for GES assessments of the sea floor integrity attribute Substrate was chosen.
Posidonia beds: Posidonia meadows are threatened by various human activity, the most prominent being anthropogenic eutrophication, construction and gravel dumping, mooring, fishing using forbidden bottom trawling tools and spreading of invasive species. Regional approach is needed for further improvement of monitoring methods, intercalibration and data comparison. Through regional approach changes of global importance can be determined (e. g. global warming).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Photophilic algal communities (NKS G.3.6.1.), is a part of Reef habitat types according to EUNIS habitat type classification. They represent a predominant habitat type which appears on infralittoral rocky bottom of Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea. The presence of certain algal species is determined by natural and anthropogenic conditions. In the polluted waters, due to discharge of waste or industrial water, a special form of vegetation is developed in the area of the infralittoral. Algal communities under certain stress caused by natural or anthropogenic changes, react in reduction of biodiversity.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous outcrops, which are hard bottoms of biogenic origin that thrive under dim light conditions, represent an endemic habitat for the Mediterranean Sea. They are common all around the Mediterranean coasts (UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA 2008) and widespread along the Croatian coast. However, this habitat is insufficiently studied and there are no precise historical as well as recent data on its distribution and status. Special care has to be taken with the commercial exploitation of red coral (Corallium rubrum) whose stocks seem to have strongly declined in most areas. Although protected by different legislation, it still can be commercially harvested with no supporting monitoring so far. It is estimated how its colonies are drastically reduced with no information about regeneration success. Red coral should be widely distributed in Adriatic as well as in Mediterranean Sea. Several action plans on the Mediterranean level have proposed ban of harvesting and monitoring of its colonies. |
The assessment of GES for sea floor integrity in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is based on conclusions and proposals by MSFD Task Group 6 Report. According to that Report it is necessary to identify ecological structures and functions of particular importance, and human pressures to environment. That is described in the Initial Assessment. For the components and pressures of the ecosystems that were identified as being of the greatest importance, it is necessary to use appropriate Attributes and Indicators to assess status relative to preidentified standards for GES. The assessment of GES based on specific attributes of sea floor has to start with the highest risk strata. Based on the list of the attributes of the sea floor integrity proposed by MSFD Task Group 6, for GES assessments of the sea floor integrity attribute Substrate was chosen.
Posidonia beds: Posidonia meadows are threatened by various human activity, the most prominent being anthropogenic eutrophication, construction and gravel dumping, mooring, fishing using forbidden bottom trawling tools and spreading of invasive species. Regional approach is needed for further improvement of monitoring methods, intercalibration and data comparison. Through regional approach changes of global importance can be determined (e. g. global warming).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Photophilic algal communities (NKS G.3.6.1.), is a part of Reef habitat types according to EUNIS habitat type classification. They represent a predominant habitat type which appears on infralittoral rocky bottom of Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea. The presence of certain algal species is determined by natural and anthropogenic conditions. In the polluted waters, due to discharge of waste or industrial water, a special form of vegetation is developed in the area of the infralittoral. Algal communities under certain stress caused by natural or anthropogenic changes, react in reduction of biodiversity.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous outcrops, which are hard bottoms of biogenic origin that thrive under dim light conditions, represent an endemic habitat for the Mediterranean Sea. They are common all around the Mediterranean coasts (UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA 2008) and widespread along the Croatian coast. However, this habitat is insufficiently studied and there are no precise historical as well as recent data on its distribution and status. Special care has to be taken with the commercial exploitation of red coral (Corallium rubrum) whose stocks seem to have strongly declined in most areas. Although protected by different legislation, it still can be commercially harvested with no supporting monitoring so far. It is estimated how its colonies are drastically reduced with no information about regeneration success. Red coral should be widely distributed in Adriatic as well as in Mediterranean Sea. Several action plans on the Mediterranean level have proposed ban of harvesting and monitoring of its colonies. |
Pelagic plankton community: Plankton communities are used for early detection of changes in the marine ecosystem due its rapid response on the changes in the environment, rapid recovery of communities and the ease of sampling and monitoring. These communities present a serious threat of pollution by invasive foreign species due its relatively frequent and simple transfer by ballast water and the possibility to create a dense population. Using the composition and abundance of plankton communities to assess the state of the marine environment is prescribed by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Framework Directive on Marine Strategy (2008/56/EC), which was transposed into national legislation by the Decree on establishing a framework for action to protect Croatia marine Environment (Official Gazette 136/11). |
|
| Q5e - Natural variability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate data | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Established methods | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate understanding of GES | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5d - Adequacy for assessment of GES | Q5d - Adequate capacity | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q5f - Description of programme for GES assessment | Over the last century human activities in the area of the Croatian waters in the eastern Adriatic Sea coast increased, both in the intensity and in the area covered by anthropogenic influence. This has resulted in increasing of different kinds of pressures on the marine environment, and especially on the sea-floor. The main pressures that directly impact the state of sea-floor in Croatian waters are in detail described in Initial Assessment. In the near-shore area and in shallower waters these pressures include: building of coastal infrastructures (ports, marinas, defenses against waves etc.), moorings, sand extraction, aquaculture (fish and shellfish farming), riverine inputs and different kind of pollution. In the area off shore in open Adriatic waters main pressures encompasses fishing practice, bottom trawling and dredging. Also, significant impact on sea-floor integrity could have introduction of non-indigenous species through different vectors.
Posidonia beds: Within the bioindicator methods compliant with the WDF in the Adriatic Sea, the POMI (Posidonia oceanica Multivariate Index) method has been applied. It is a biotic index containing data about the condition of the whole ecosystem, from the physiological processes in the plant to the population and community structure data. The future monitoring according to the “Natura” and WFD obligations, should take into account Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica as biological components of Posidonia meadows and the species P. oceanica as a component for GES.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: The settlements of photophilic algae are impacted by many human activities. Due to pollution, eutrophication and construction within the sea area infralittoral algal communities react in the way of gradual increase of the qualitative and quantitative dominance of opportunistic species. Therefore, by determining the abundance, biomass and species cover of certain algal groups, it is possible to conclude about the environmental condition of the ecosystem. Excessive expansion of sea urchins also drastically affects the distribution of shallower algal settlements. Their expansion is probably associated with human-induced disturbances in the marine ecosystem.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous assemblages are threatened by specific direct and indirect human activities. These disturbances include direct and indirect impacts of fishing activities, exploitation of the red coral, degradation by eutrophication, the colonization by invasive species and the effects of global climate change. Fishing by nets caused physical destruction of sedentary species like gorgonians and bryozoans and it might be the basic anthropogenic pressure of Coralligenous assemblages in Croatian waters. The effects of disturbances on the coralligenous habitat are still poorly known. For Corallium rubrum decline is basically consequence of overexploitation. |
Over the last century human activities in the area of the Croatian waters in the eastern Adriatic Sea coast increased, both in the intensity and in the area covered by anthropogenic influence. This has resulted in increasing of different kinds of pressures on the marine environment, and especially on the sea-floor. The main pressures that directly impact the state of sea-floor in Croatian waters are in detail described in Initial Assessment. In the near-shore area and in shallower waters these pressures include: building of coastal infrastructures (ports, marinas, defenses against waves etc.), moorings, sand extraction, aquaculture (fish and shellfish farming), riverine inputs and different kind of pollution. In the area off shore in open Adriatic waters main pressures encompasses fishing practice, bottom trawling and dredging. Also, significant impact on sea-floor integrity could have introduction of non-indigenous species through different vectors.
Posidonia beds: Within the bioindicator methods compliant with the WDF in the Adriatic Sea, the POMI (Posidonia oceanica Multivariate Index) method has been applied. It is a biotic index containing data about the condition of the whole ecosystem, from the physiological processes in the plant to the population and community structure data. The future monitoring according to the “Natura” and WFD obligations, should take into account Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica as biological components of Posidonia meadows and the species P. oceanica as a component for GES.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: The settlements of photophilic algae are impacted by many human activities. Due to pollution, eutrophication and construction within the sea area infralittoral algal communities react in the way of gradual increase of the qualitative and quantitative dominance of opportunistic species. Therefore, by determining the abundance, biomass and species cover of certain algal groups, it is possible to conclude about the environmental condition of the ecosystem. Excessive expansion of sea urchins also drastically affects the distribution of shallower algal settlements. Their expansion is probably associated with human-induced disturbances in the marine ecosystem.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous assemblages are threatened by specific direct and indirect human activities. These disturbances include direct and indirect impacts of fishing activities, exploitation of the red coral, degradation by eutrophication, the colonization by invasive species and the effects of global climate change. Fishing by nets caused physical destruction of sedentary species like gorgonians and bryozoans and it might be the basic anthropogenic pressure of Coralligenous assemblages in Croatian waters. The effects of disturbances on the coralligenous habitat are still poorly known. For Corallium rubrum decline is basically consequence of overexploitation. |
Over the last century human activities in the area of the Croatian waters in the eastern Adriatic Sea coast increased, both in the intensity and in the area covered by anthropogenic influence. This has resulted in increasing of different kinds of pressures on the marine environment, and especially on the sea-floor. The main pressures that directly impact the state of sea-floor in Croatian waters are in detail described in Initial Assessment. In the near-shore area and in shallower waters these pressures include: building of coastal infrastructures (ports, marinas, defenses against waves etc.), moorings, sand extraction, aquaculture (fish and shellfish farming), riverine inputs and different kind of pollution. In the area off shore in open Adriatic waters main pressures encompasses fishing practice, bottom trawling and dredging. Also, significant impact on sea-floor integrity could have introduction of non-indigenous species through different vectors.
Posidonia beds: Within the bioindicator methods compliant with the WDF in the Adriatic Sea, the POMI (Posidonia oceanica Multivariate Index) method has been applied. It is a biotic index containing data about the condition of the whole ecosystem, from the physiological processes in the plant to the population and community structure data. The future monitoring according to the “Natura” and WFD obligations, should take into account Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica as biological components of Posidonia meadows and the species P. oceanica as a component for GES.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: The settlements of photophilic algae are impacted by many human activities. Due to pollution, eutrophication and construction within the sea area infralittoral algal communities react in the way of gradual increase of the qualitative and quantitative dominance of opportunistic species. Therefore, by determining the abundance, biomass and species cover of certain algal groups, it is possible to conclude about the environmental condition of the ecosystem. Excessive expansion of sea urchins also drastically affects the distribution of shallower algal settlements. Their expansion is probably associated with human-induced disturbances in the marine ecosystem.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous assemblages are threatened by specific direct and indirect human activities. These disturbances include direct and indirect impacts of fishing activities, exploitation of the red coral, degradation by eutrophication, the colonization by invasive species and the effects of global climate change. Fishing by nets caused physical destruction of sedentary species like gorgonians and bryozoans and it might be the basic anthropogenic pressure of Coralligenous assemblages in Croatian waters. The effects of disturbances on the coralligenous habitat are still poorly known. For Corallium rubrum decline is basically consequence of overexploitation. |
Over the last century human activities in the area of the Croatian waters in the eastern Adriatic Sea coast increased, both in the intensity and in the area covered by anthropogenic influence. This has resulted in increasing of different kinds of pressures on the marine environment, and especially on the sea-floor. The main pressures that directly impact the state of sea-floor in Croatian waters are in detail described in Initial Assessment. In the near-shore area and in shallower waters these pressures include: building of coastal infrastructures (ports, marinas, defenses against waves etc.), moorings, sand extraction, aquaculture (fish and shellfish farming), riverine inputs and different kind of pollution. In the area off shore in open Adriatic waters main pressures encompasses fishing practice, bottom trawling and dredging. Also, significant impact on sea-floor integrity could have introduction of non-indigenous species through different vectors.
Posidonia beds: Within the bioindicator methods compliant with the WDF in the Adriatic Sea, the POMI (Posidonia oceanica Multivariate Index) method has been applied. It is a biotic index containing data about the condition of the whole ecosystem, from the physiological processes in the plant to the population and community structure data. The future monitoring according to the “Natura” and WFD obligations, should take into account Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica as biological components of Posidonia meadows and the species P. oceanica as a component for GES.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: The settlements of photophilic algae are impacted by many human activities. Due to pollution, eutrophication and construction within the sea area infralittoral algal communities react in the way of gradual increase of the qualitative and quantitative dominance of opportunistic species. Therefore, by determining the abundance, biomass and species cover of certain algal groups, it is possible to conclude about the environmental condition of the ecosystem. Excessive expansion of sea urchins also drastically affects the distribution of shallower algal settlements. Their expansion is probably associated with human-induced disturbances in the marine ecosystem.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: Coralligenous assemblages are threatened by specific direct and indirect human activities. These disturbances include direct and indirect impacts of fishing activities, exploitation of the red coral, degradation by eutrophication, the colonization by invasive species and the effects of global climate change. Fishing by nets caused physical destruction of sedentary species like gorgonians and bryozoans and it might be the basic anthropogenic pressure of Coralligenous assemblages in Croatian waters. The effects of disturbances on the coralligenous habitat are still poorly known. For Corallium rubrum decline is basically consequence of overexploitation. |
Pelagic plankton community: Biodiversity at pelagic habitat level is assessed through the state of plankton communities, since phytoplankton and zooplankton are crucial for supporting the structure of the pelagic community, the pelagic food-web and the marine ecosystem as a whole. Changes in the plankton community are driven by climate but are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fishing. The proposed indicators aim to discriminate change in the plankton in Croatian waters due to human pressure from those caused by natural variability (in time and space). |
|
| Q5g - Gap-filling date for GES assessment | By2020 |
By2020 |
By2020 |
By2020 |
By2020 |
|
| Q5h - Plans to implement monitoring for GES assessment | ||||||
| Q6a -Relevant targets | Q6a - Environmental target | |||||
| Q6a -Relevant targets | Q6a - Associated indicator | |||||
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6b_SuitableData | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6b_EstablishedMethods | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q6b - Adequacy for assessment of targets | Q6d_AdequateCapacity | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Q6c - Target updating | Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
| Q6d - Description of programme for targets assessment | With the aim to assess GES in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, three types of substratum were considered: soft substratum, hard substratum and biogenic habitats. With the aim to identify if a particular change on the sea floor can be defined as degradation, it is necessary to establish does ecosystem function in accordance to its natural conditions. As components of this attribute for assessment of GES, habitats and biocoenosis related to these substrate types were chosen. Benthic habitats and biocoenosis, as components to identify the state of sea floor, are chosen according to National classification of habitats (OG 07/2006).
Posidonia beds: All targets and their related indicators for Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica are associated with the WFD and Habitat Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain Habitat Directive indicators are under development (upper and lower limit of the meadow, habitat distribution, etc.; Guala et al., 2014).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: All targets and associated indicators for settlement of photophilic algae are related to the WFD and the Habitats Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain indicators for the purposes of the Habitats Directive still have to be developed. To determine the current state it is necessary to obtain an accurate habitat map which is expected to be done by 2018.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: All targets and associated indicators are under development, mostly as a part of Habitat directives (Garrabou et al., 2014). As our knowledge on Coralligenous assemblages (formed deeper than 50 m) is minimal, it is essential to start its biological and ecological research. The basic research objectives are: establish baselines on coralligenous species composition and abundance from Croatian coast; identify indicators for assessment of the coralligenous habitat status and functioning; Develop adapted mapping approaches for the coralligenous. The use of modern acoustic methods coupled with the use of ROVs and AUVs should furnish valuable data to fill in the enormous gap in our knowledge on the extension and distribution of coralligenous habitats in Croatian waters but also on the Mediterranean scale. |
With the aim to assess GES in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, three types of substratum were considered: soft substratum, hard substratum and biogenic habitats. With the aim to identify if a particular change on the sea floor can be defined as degradation, it is necessary to establish does ecosystem function in accordance to its natural conditions. As components of this attribute for assessment of GES, habitats and biocoenosis related to these substrate types were chosen. Benthic habitats and biocoenosis, as components to identify the state of sea floor, are chosen according to National classification of habitats (OG 07/2006).
Posidonia beds: All targets and their related indicators for Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica are associated with the WFD and Habitat Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain Habitat Directive indicators are under development (upper and lower limit of the meadow, habitat distribution, etc.; Guala et al., 2014).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: All targets and associated indicators for settlement of photophilic algae are related to the WFD and the Habitats Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain indicators for the purposes of the Habitats Directive still have to be developed. To determine the current state it is necessary to obtain an accurate habitat map which is expected to be done by 2018.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: All targets and associated indicators are under development, mostly as a part of Habitat directives (Garrabou et al., 2014). As our knowledge on Coralligenous assemblages (formed deeper than 50 m) is minimal, it is essential to start its biological and ecological research. The basic research objectives are: establish baselines on coralligenous species composition and abundance from Croatian coast; identify indicators for assessment of the coralligenous habitat status and functioning; Develop adapted mapping approaches for the coralligenous. The use of modern acoustic methods coupled with the use of ROVs and AUVs should furnish valuable data to fill in the enormous gap in our knowledge on the extension and distribution of coralligenous habitats in Croatian waters but also on the Mediterranean scale. |
With the aim to assess GES in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, three types of substratum were considered: soft substratum, hard substratum and biogenic habitats. With the aim to identify if a particular change on the sea floor can be defined as degradation, it is necessary to establish does ecosystem function in accordance to its natural conditions. As components of this attribute for assessment of GES, habitats and biocoenosis related to these substrate types were chosen. Benthic habitats and biocoenosis, as components to identify the state of sea floor, are chosen according to National classification of habitats (OG 07/2006).
Posidonia beds: All targets and their related indicators for Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica are associated with the WFD and Habitat Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain Habitat Directive indicators are under development (upper and lower limit of the meadow, habitat distribution, etc.; Guala et al., 2014).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: All targets and associated indicators for settlement of photophilic algae are related to the WFD and the Habitats Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain indicators for the purposes of the Habitats Directive still have to be developed. To determine the current state it is necessary to obtain an accurate habitat map which is expected to be done by 2018.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: All targets and associated indicators are under development, mostly as a part of Habitat directives (Garrabou et al., 2014). As our knowledge on Coralligenous assemblages (formed deeper than 50 m) is minimal, it is essential to start its biological and ecological research. The basic research objectives are: establish baselines on coralligenous species composition and abundance from Croatian coast; identify indicators for assessment of the coralligenous habitat status and functioning; Develop adapted mapping approaches for the coralligenous. The use of modern acoustic methods coupled with the use of ROVs and AUVs should furnish valuable data to fill in the enormous gap in our knowledge on the extension and distribution of coralligenous habitats in Croatian waters but also on the Mediterranean scale. |
With the aim to assess GES in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, three types of substratum were considered: soft substratum, hard substratum and biogenic habitats. With the aim to identify if a particular change on the sea floor can be defined as degradation, it is necessary to establish does ecosystem function in accordance to its natural conditions. As components of this attribute for assessment of GES, habitats and biocoenosis related to these substrate types were chosen. Benthic habitats and biocoenosis, as components to identify the state of sea floor, are chosen according to National classification of habitats (OG 07/2006).
Posidonia beds: All targets and their related indicators for Posidonia meadows and the species Posidonia oceanica are associated with the WFD and Habitat Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain Habitat Directive indicators are under development (upper and lower limit of the meadow, habitat distribution, etc.; Guala et al., 2014).
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: All targets and associated indicators for settlement of photophilic algae are related to the WFD and the Habitats Directive. WFD indicators are developed and in use, while certain indicators for the purposes of the Habitats Directive still have to be developed. To determine the current state it is necessary to obtain an accurate habitat map which is expected to be done by 2018.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: All targets and associated indicators are under development, mostly as a part of Habitat directives (Garrabou et al., 2014). As our knowledge on Coralligenous assemblages (formed deeper than 50 m) is minimal, it is essential to start its biological and ecological research. The basic research objectives are: establish baselines on coralligenous species composition and abundance from Croatian coast; identify indicators for assessment of the coralligenous habitat status and functioning; Develop adapted mapping approaches for the coralligenous. The use of modern acoustic methods coupled with the use of ROVs and AUVs should furnish valuable data to fill in the enormous gap in our knowledge on the extension and distribution of coralligenous habitats in Croatian waters but also on the Mediterranean scale. |
Pelagic plankton community: It has been monitored in the Croatian waters under the Water Framework Directive for which indicators were developed. In terms of the high plankton variability in Croatian Adriatic waters and general consensus that in plankton there are no universally representative indicator species or unique fixed assemblage of species each with its own abundance, the state of plankton communities should be determined on the basis of the existing monitoring results within specific assessment areas (geographic or otherwise) and further evaluated through various diversity indices (1.6.1.), relative abundances based on lifeform (or functional group) approach and biomass data (1.6.2.). Lifeform pairs are to be computed on the basis of relevance, using those that are likely to reflect changes in the biodiversity of dominant phytoplankton and zooplankton groups (i.e. the ratio between diatoms and dinoflagellates; meroplankton and holoplankton; large and small copepods; copepod grazers and non-copepod grazers, copepods and jellyfish, or others, when appropriate). All targets and associated indicators, for the state of pelagic plankton community, are adopted from WFD and geographically extended for MSFD for the entire area of the Adriatic Sea under Croatian jurisdiction. |
|
| Q6e - Gap-filling date for targets assessment | By2020 |
By2020 |
By2020 |
By2020 |
By2020 |
|
| Q6f - Plans to implement monitoring for targets assessment | ||||||
| Q7a - Relevant activities |
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| Q7b - Description of monitoring of activities | According to conclusions of MSFD Task Group 6, classes of indicators that are effective at reflecting pollution-related pressures are not necessarily effective at reflecting pressures due to physical disturbances from fishing activities. For the assessment of environmental status on soft bottoms in the areas of bottom trawling in the eastern Adriatic Sea, the new index based on characteristics of epifaunal species of macroinvertebrates in benthic communities is under development.
Posidonia beds: It is necessary to map Posidonia meadows and develop a method for monitoring distribution and covered areas within the Habitat Directive. In terms of conservation, there is a need for: reduction of anthropogenic eutrophication, mooring regulation in places where it is frequent, prohibition of gravel dumping and construction in Posidonia meadows, control of fishing by trawling, application of regulative concerning ballast waters.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Settlements of photophilic algae and species Cystoseira amentacea inhabit the shallowest area of infralittoral exposed rocky areas, and are widely distributed in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (the predominant habitat type). They are listed in national (Nature Conservation Act) and international legislation and directives (Habitat directive, Barcelona Convention). For this type of habitat and species, bioindicator methods have been developed in the framework of the WFD. It is necessary to initiate research on methods for restoration of destroyed Cystoseira settlement as well as to understand biological elements which cause excessive expansion of sea urchins. But also, to reduce human made eutrophication and pollution, regulate coastal construction, start a program of restoration of the shallow-water Cystoseira settlements.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: As outlined by the Action plan for the conservation of the coralligenous and other calcareous bio-concretions in the Mediterranean Sea (UNEP-RAC/SPA 2008), measures aimed at protecting the coralligenous environment (applicable to many other coastal benthic habitats) should include the following: wastewater dumping should be banned over coralligenous bottoms, and in their vicinity; trawling prohibition by Council Regulation (EC) No 1967/2006 (Article 4.2) must be rigorously enforced in areas with coralligenous outcrops and in their vicinity, aiming to avoid not only the physical damage to this habitat but also the indirect effects due to increased turbidity and silting; any other anthropogenic activity involving an increase in water turbidity and/or sediment removal (e.g., coastline modification, beach regeneration) should be avoided in the vicinity of coralligenous outcrops. Adequate management of traditional and recreational fisheries must be implemented in order to prevent stock depletion of target fish and crustaceans. Diving should be managed in the manner not to interfere with the normal functioning and conservation of the coralligenous environment. For Corallium rubrum only total ban of harvesting at the moment can lead to species repopulation. A suitable legislation concerning the introduction of alien species should be urgently enacted. |
According to conclusions of MSFD Task Group 6, classes of indicators that are effective at reflecting pollution-related pressures are not necessarily effective at reflecting pressures due to physical disturbances from fishing activities. For the assessment of environmental status on soft bottoms in the areas of bottom trawling in the eastern Adriatic Sea, the new index based on characteristics of epifaunal species of macroinvertebrates in benthic communities is under development.
Posidonia beds: It is necessary to map Posidonia meadows and develop a method for monitoring distribution and covered areas within the Habitat Directive. In terms of conservation, there is a need for: reduction of anthropogenic eutrophication, mooring regulation in places where it is frequent, prohibition of gravel dumping and construction in Posidonia meadows, control of fishing by trawling, application of regulative concerning ballast waters.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Settlements of photophilic algae and species Cystoseira amentacea inhabit the shallowest area of infralittoral exposed rocky areas, and are widely distributed in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (the predominant habitat type). They are listed in national (Nature Conservation Act) and international legislation and directives (Habitat directive, Barcelona Convention). For this type of habitat and species, bioindicator methods have been developed in the framework of the WFD. It is necessary to initiate research on methods for restoration of destroyed Cystoseira settlement as well as to understand biological elements which cause excessive expansion of sea urchins. But also, to reduce human made eutrophication and pollution, regulate coastal construction, start a program of restoration of the shallow-water Cystoseira settlements.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: As outlined by the Action plan for the conservation of the coralligenous and other calcareous bio-concretions in the Mediterranean Sea (UNEP-RAC/SPA 2008), measures aimed at protecting the coralligenous environment (applicable to many other coastal benthic habitats) should include the following: wastewater dumping should be banned over coralligenous bottoms, and in their vicinity; trawling prohibition by Council Regulation (EC) No 1967/2006 (Article 4.2) must be rigorously enforced in areas with coralligenous outcrops and in their vicinity, aiming to avoid not only the physical damage to this habitat but also the indirect effects due to increased turbidity and silting; any other anthropogenic activity involving an increase in water turbidity and/or sediment removal (e.g., coastline modification, beach regeneration) should be avoided in the vicinity of coralligenous outcrops. Adequate management of traditional and recreational fisheries must be implemented in order to prevent stock depletion of target fish and crustaceans. Diving should be managed in the manner not to interfere with the normal functioning and conservation of the coralligenous environment. For Corallium rubrum only total ban of harvesting at the moment can lead to species repopulation. A suitable legislation concerning the introduction of alien species should be urgently enacted. |
According to conclusions of MSFD Task Group 6, classes of indicators that are effective at reflecting pollution-related pressures are not necessarily effective at reflecting pressures due to physical disturbances from fishing activities. For the assessment of environmental status on soft bottoms in the areas of bottom trawling in the eastern Adriatic Sea, the new index based on characteristics of epifaunal species of macroinvertebrates in benthic communities is under development.
Posidonia beds: It is necessary to map Posidonia meadows and develop a method for monitoring distribution and covered areas within the Habitat Directive. In terms of conservation, there is a need for: reduction of anthropogenic eutrophication, mooring regulation in places where it is frequent, prohibition of gravel dumping and construction in Posidonia meadows, control of fishing by trawling, application of regulative concerning ballast waters.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Settlements of photophilic algae and species Cystoseira amentacea inhabit the shallowest area of infralittoral exposed rocky areas, and are widely distributed in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (the predominant habitat type). They are listed in national (Nature Conservation Act) and international legislation and directives (Habitat directive, Barcelona Convention). For this type of habitat and species, bioindicator methods have been developed in the framework of the WFD. It is necessary to initiate research on methods for restoration of destroyed Cystoseira settlement as well as to understand biological elements which cause excessive expansion of sea urchins. But also, to reduce human made eutrophication and pollution, regulate coastal construction, start a program of restoration of the shallow-water Cystoseira settlements.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: As outlined by the Action plan for the conservation of the coralligenous and other calcareous bio-concretions in the Mediterranean Sea (UNEP-RAC/SPA 2008), measures aimed at protecting the coralligenous environment (applicable to many other coastal benthic habitats) should include the following: wastewater dumping should be banned over coralligenous bottoms, and in their vicinity; trawling prohibition by Council Regulation (EC) No 1967/2006 (Article 4.2) must be rigorously enforced in areas with coralligenous outcrops and in their vicinity, aiming to avoid not only the physical damage to this habitat but also the indirect effects due to increased turbidity and silting; any other anthropogenic activity involving an increase in water turbidity and/or sediment removal (e.g., coastline modification, beach regeneration) should be avoided in the vicinity of coralligenous outcrops. Adequate management of traditional and recreational fisheries must be implemented in order to prevent stock depletion of target fish and crustaceans. Diving should be managed in the manner not to interfere with the normal functioning and conservation of the coralligenous environment. For Corallium rubrum only total ban of harvesting at the moment can lead to species repopulation. A suitable legislation concerning the introduction of alien species should be urgently enacted. |
According to conclusions of MSFD Task Group 6, classes of indicators that are effective at reflecting pollution-related pressures are not necessarily effective at reflecting pressures due to physical disturbances from fishing activities. For the assessment of environmental status on soft bottoms in the areas of bottom trawling in the eastern Adriatic Sea, the new index based on characteristics of epifaunal species of macroinvertebrates in benthic communities is under development.
Posidonia beds: It is necessary to map Posidonia meadows and develop a method for monitoring distribution and covered areas within the Habitat Directive. In terms of conservation, there is a need for: reduction of anthropogenic eutrophication, mooring regulation in places where it is frequent, prohibition of gravel dumping and construction in Posidonia meadows, control of fishing by trawling, application of regulative concerning ballast waters.
Photophilic algal communities and Cystoseira amentacea: Settlements of photophilic algae and species Cystoseira amentacea inhabit the shallowest area of infralittoral exposed rocky areas, and are widely distributed in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (the predominant habitat type). They are listed in national (Nature Conservation Act) and international legislation and directives (Habitat directive, Barcelona Convention). For this type of habitat and species, bioindicator methods have been developed in the framework of the WFD. It is necessary to initiate research on methods for restoration of destroyed Cystoseira settlement as well as to understand biological elements which cause excessive expansion of sea urchins. But also, to reduce human made eutrophication and pollution, regulate coastal construction, start a program of restoration of the shallow-water Cystoseira settlements.
Coralligenous and species Coralium rubrum: As outlined by the Action plan for the conservation of the coralligenous and other calcareous bio-concretions in the Mediterranean Sea (UNEP-RAC/SPA 2008), measures aimed at protecting the coralligenous environment (applicable to many other coastal benthic habitats) should include the following: wastewater dumping should be banned over coralligenous bottoms, and in their vicinity; trawling prohibition by Council Regulation (EC) No 1967/2006 (Article 4.2) must be rigorously enforced in areas with coralligenous outcrops and in their vicinity, aiming to avoid not only the physical damage to this habitat but also the indirect effects due to increased turbidity and silting; any other anthropogenic activity involving an increase in water turbidity and/or sediment removal (e.g., coastline modification, beach regeneration) should be avoided in the vicinity of coralligenous outcrops. Adequate management of traditional and recreational fisheries must be implemented in order to prevent stock depletion of target fish and crustaceans. Diving should be managed in the manner not to interfere with the normal functioning and conservation of the coralligenous environment. For Corallium rubrum only total ban of harvesting at the moment can lead to species repopulation. A suitable legislation concerning the introduction of alien species should be urgently enacted. |
Pelagic plankton community: Among the features listed in Annex III of the MSFD, plankton monitoring program will primarily contribute to determining the biological characteristics of the community, the description of the biological community in relation to environmental conditions, including information on phyto and zooplankton communities, as well as changes in the composition and seasonal and geographical changes. The proposed monitoring will contribute to the collection of information on abundance, temporal and spatial distribution of introduced and invasive species. There is a need for: reduction of nutrients input, especially compounds of nitrogen that could cause an accelerated algal growth and undesirable shifts in species composition; to monitor and control ballast waters within the existing legislative measures, shipping transport and other pathways of non-indigenous species to new marine environments; improvements in the taxonomic recognition of some less studied groups or size fractions within phytoplankton (microflagellates) and zooplankton (protozoans, meroplankton larvae, pelagic tunicates); spatial and temporal expansion of monitoring activities in sensitive areas under identified anthropogenic pressures. |
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| Q7c - Relevant measures | ||||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate data | |||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Established methods | |||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate understanding of GES | |||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Adequate capacity | |||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Addresses activities and pressures | |||||
| Q7e - Adequacy for assessment of measures | Q7d - Addresses effectiveness of measures | |||||
| Q7d - Description of monitoring for measures | ||||||
| Q7f - Gap-filling date for activities and measures | By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
By2014 |
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| Q8a - Links to existing Monitoring Programmes |
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| Reference sub-programme | Sub-programme ID | MADHR-D0146-01 |
MADHR-D0146-02 |
MADHR-D0146-03 |
MADHR-D0146-04 |
MADHR-D014-05 |
| Reference sub-programme | Sub-programme name | Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
| Q4g - Sub-programmes | Sub-programme ID | MADHR-D0146-01 |
MADHR-D0146-02 |
MADHR-D0146-03 |
MADHR-D0146-04 |
MADHR-D014-05 |
| Q4g - Sub-programmes | Sub-programme name | Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Seabed habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
| Q4k - Monitoring purpose | StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
StateImpact |
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| Q4l - Links of monitoring programmes of other Directives and Conventions | National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
Habitat type Reefs according to EUNIS habitat types classification, and thus the settlement of photophilic algae which it includes, are listed as important habitats under the Habitats Directive and Natura areas. Species Cystoseira amentacea is listed in Annex II of the Barcelona Convention and is included in the list of strictly protected species in Croatia. National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
Monitoring for requirements of Water Framework Directive with survey in coastal and transitional waters through National monitoring program contributes to MSFD program. |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Habitats |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Species list |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Physical/Chemical features |
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| Q5c - Features | Q5c - Pressures |
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| Q9a - Elements |
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| Q5a - GES criteria | Relevant GES criteria |
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| Q5b - GES indicators | Relevant GES indicators |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species distribution |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species population size |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species population characteristics |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Species impacts |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat distribution |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat extent |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat condition (physical-chemical) |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat condition (biological) |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (state/impact) | Habitat impacts |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) | Pressure input | |||||
| Q9b - Parameters monitored (pressures) | Pressure output |
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| Q9b - Parameters monitored (activity) | Activity | |||||
| Q9b Parameters monitored (other) | Other | |||||
| Q41 Spatial scope | WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
WFD_CW TerritorialWaters |
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| Q4j - Description of spatial scope | The proposed area for investigation of epifauna of benthic invertebrates on soft bottoms are Croatian territorial waters, coastal and insular region. That area is under different anthropogenic pressures, mainly fishery activities. Sampling stations are placed on different substrata and depths. |
Posidonia oceanica meadows are consider to be habitats with highest diversity in Mediterranean Sea with important role in production of oxygen and organic matter and prevention of coastal erosion. Posidonia meadows are developed almost along entire Croatian coast and that is the reason way program of monitoring Posidonia oceanica will include stations along that area. |
In order to monitor changes in the composition of macro and meiofauna invertebrates on soft bottoms in the Northern Adriatic. proposed monitoring activities include sampling at 10 selected stations |
Settlements of photophilic algae and species Cystoseira amentacea inhabit the shallowest area of infralittoral exposed rocky areas, and are widely distributed in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (the predominant habitat type). |
Survey sites are present along the eastern Adriatic coast encompassing the open and coastal waters.Selected sites at coastal waters reflect areas under various anthropogenic pressures. |
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| Marine Unit IDs |
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| Q4h - Temporal scope | Start date- End date | 2013-9999 |
2007-9999 |
2000-9999 |
2012-9999 |
1998-9999 |
| Q9h - Temporal resolution of sampling |
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| Q9c - Monitoring method | Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar, G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasović I., Krstulović, N., Leder, N., Lončar, G., Precali, R., Šolić, M., Lončar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanić, N., Cvitković, I., Dadić, V., Despalatović, M., Dulčić, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilić, G., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujević, I., Vrgoč, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljević, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. (Ftp://baltazar.izor.hr) |
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| Q9d - Description of alteration to method | ||||||
| Q9e - Quality assurance |
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| Q9f - Quality control | DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
DelayedValidation |
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| Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling | Q9g - Proportion of area covered % | |||||
| Q9g - Spatial resolution of sampling | Q9g - No. of samples | 70 samples per year |
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| Q9i - Description of sample representivity | No variation within sub-programme. |
No variation within the sub-programme. |
Monitoring have to be performed once a year or once in three years during the summer (June/July). |
No variation within the sub-programme. |
No variation within the sub-programme. |
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| Q10a - Scale for aggregation of data |
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| Q10b - Other scale for aggregation of data | ||||||
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data type | DataProducts |
DataProducts |
DataProducts |
DataProducts |
DataProducts |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data access mechanism | LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
LocationNationalDC |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data access rights | Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
Open |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - INSPIRE standard | SeaRegions |
SeaRegions |
SeaRegions |
SeaRegions |
SeaRegions |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c Date data are available | 2020-10 |
2020-10 |
2020-10 |
2020-10 |
2020-10 |
| Q10c - Access to monitoring data | Q10c - Data update frequency | Yearly |
3yearly |
Yearly |
3yearly |
Yearly |
| Q10d - Description of data access | In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
In accordance to the Regulation on development and implementation of documents of Strategy for Management of Marine and Coastal Areas (O.G. 112/14), Croatian Environment Agency is in charge of developing Marine Information System. Data and information regarding all elements of the Strategy collected by competent authorities should be available for needs of the System. The System is still under development. |
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Descriptor |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
D1.6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monitoring strategy description |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Plankton communities are monitored to assess environmental status and distance from GES in the pelagic habitat. State of the habitat is evaluated through the state of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, using appropriate biodiversity-based (taxonomical structure) and stock size-based (abundance, biomass) indicators relevant for those elements under D1C6 criterion. The assessment areas include coastal and open-sea waters, particularly those under increased anthropogenic pressures that might induce undesirable changes in plankton communities: eutrophication, resulting in elevated nutrient concentrations that promote accelerated phytoplankton growth, proliferation of opportunistic species and changes in the food web structure; fisheries, that through excessive species extraction impacts the structure of apex predators; introduction of non-indigenous species, which changes local communities through competitive advancement of alien species. Through the monitoring results, deviations in plankton diversity, relative abundance or biomass from the natural ranges (baselines) that can be backtracked to human-induced pressures will be recognized as impediments to GES achievement. Monitoring strategy is expected to contribute to the assessment of progress towards the achievement of the main GES targets for the pelagic habitat. |
Coverage of GES criteria |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Gaps and plans |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Spatial and temporal resolution of plankton monitoring might be increased by the use of automated methods for plankton enumeration and analyses. Due to high diversity and complex life-cycles, there is need to constantly update and expand taxonomical knowledge on plankton. The upgrades are expected from creating the subregional/regional experts network and from exploiting the recent advancements in integrative taxonomy, using genomic methods that could provide faster results and complement the traditional plankton analyses. |
Related targets |
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Coverage of targets |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Related measures |
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Coverage of measures |
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Related monitoring programmes |
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Programme code |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
MADHR-D01-05 |
Programme name |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Pelagic habitats - community characteristics |
Update type |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Old programme codes |
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Programme description |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Plankton (microscopic plants and animals) play a fundamental role in the marine food web. Planktonic species generally have short life cycles and respond quickly to environmental changes and thus require spatially and temporally denser monitoring than species with longer life span and slower reproduction. Apart from the variations dependent on prevailing natural conditions and climate change, plankton communities are also impacted by human pressures, such as eutrophication, introduction of non-indigenous species and fisheries. The proposed indicators (biodiversity-based and stock-based) aim to discriminate changes in the plankton communities of the Croatian Adriatic due to human pressure from those caused by natural spatial-temporal variability. Sampling sites along the eastern Adriatic coast encompass open and coastal waters, with coastal sites reflecting areas under anthropogenic pressures. The samples collected will provide information on community composition and species abundances. Monitoring of plankton communities contributes to demonstrating the achievement of GES in the pelagic habitat, reflecting not only on the plankton but also on other species and habitats. |
Monitoring purpose |
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Other policies and conventions |
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Regional cooperation - coordinating body |
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Regional cooperation - countries involved |
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Regional cooperation - implementation level |
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Monitoring details |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Frequency:
Phytoplankton: Profiles of middle and northern Adriatic minimal 10 times a year. Lim, Bakar, ZOI 7 times a year.
The rest 4 times a year
Zooplankton:
minimum 2 x per year |
Features |
Other pelagic habitats
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Eutrophication
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Other pelagic habitats
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Eutrophication
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Other pelagic habitats
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Eutrophication
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Other pelagic habitats
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Coastal ecosystems
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Shelf ecosystems
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Eutrophication
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Elements |
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GES criteria |
D1C6 |
D4C1 |
D4C1 |
D4C2 |
D4C2 |
D4C4 |
D4C4 |
D5C3 |
Parameters |
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Parameter Other |
Abundance/Biomass, species composition |
Species composition |
Species composition |
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Spatial scope |
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Marine reporting units |
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Temporal scope (start date - end date) |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
2021-2026 |
Monitoring frequency |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Other |
Monitoring type |
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Monitoring method |
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Monitoring method other |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Roger Harris, Peter Wiebe, Jürgen Lenz, Hein Rune Skjoldal and Mark Huntley. 2000. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual
Utermöhl, von H. 1931. Neue Wege in der quantitativen Erfassung des Planktons. (Mit besondere Beriicksichtigung des Ultraplanktons). Verh. Int. Verein. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 5, 567–595.
Marie, D., Partensky, F., Jacquet, S., Vaulot, D., (1997). Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural
populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microb., 63, 186-193.
Marie, D., Brussaard, C., Partensky, F., Vaulot, D. 1999. Flow cytometric analysis of phytoplankton,
bacteria and viruses. In Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11.11.1- 11.11.15.
Fuhrman, J.A., Azam, F. (1982) Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results. Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/BF00397184
Sampling procedure has been described in Marasovic I., Krstulovic, N., Leder, N., Loncar, G., Precali, R., Šolic, M., Loncar,.G., Beg- Paklar, G., Bojanic, N., Cvitkovic, I., Dadic, V., Despalatovic, M., Dulcic, J., Grbec, B., Kušpilic, G., Nincevic-Gladan, Ž., P. Tutman, Ujevic, I., Vrgoc, N., Vukadin, P., Žuljevic, A. Coastal cities water pollution control project, Part C1: Monitoring and Observation System for Ongoing Assessment of the Adriatic sea under the Adriatic sea Monitoring Programme, Phase II. Interim report (IR), December, 2013. https://jadran.izor.hr/jadranski_projekt_2/MJERNE-METODE-I-OPREMA.pdf |
Quality control |
As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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As used in the reported monitoring method.
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