Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.

Harm Knowledge gaps exist in relation to harm caused by marine litter (both to ecosystems and in socioeconomic terms). Further co-ordinated research is necessary in this area to set refined and justifiable threshold values for marine litter. New models and experimental research is needed to determine whether marine biota populations are declining because of litter and, if so, which parts of the life cycle are affected. At this time, it remains necessary to rely upon the precautionary principle. Surface of the Water Column There is no reliable data at this time in relation to marine litter items on the surface of the water column. Efficient, robust and cost effective monitoring techniques need to be developed for such monitoring to an agreed standard that can be agreed with other EU Member States and, ideally, Contracting Parties to the OSPAR Regional Seas Convention would agree the same monitoring protocols as this is aspect of the marine environment has particular transboundary impact by its nature. Seabed Litter Work is ongoing at TGML to develop a harmonised seabed litter indicator. At this time, survey data is not being gathered in a uniform manner and the existing data sets do not provide a sufficient level of statistical confidence to be able to determine trends.