MS/Art11/2020/D1-C/Netherlands/NE Atlantic: Greater North Sea

Member State report / Art11 / 2020 / D1-C / Netherlands / NE Atlantic: Greater North Sea

Report type	Member State report to Commission
MSFD Article	Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates)
Report due	2020-10-15
GES Descriptor	D1 Cephalopods
Member State	Netherlands
Region/subregion	NE Atlantic: Greater North Sea
Reported by	Rijkswaterstaat Water, Verkeer en Leefomgeving Zuiderwagenplein 2 8224 AD Lelystad Postbus 2232 3500
Report date	2020-11-17
Report access	ART11_NL_MONpro_v20201109.xml ART11_NL_MONstrat_v20201109.xml

Simplified table

Descriptor	D1.5
Monitoring strategy description	The principal purpose of the MSFD monitoring programme is to review the progress that has been made towards achieving good environmental status prescribed for each criterion in the Marine Strategy Part I (2018). This review is based on established indicators. The monitoring can also be used to evaluate the environmental targets defined for each descriptor. The environmental targets are operational in nature and are linked to specific actions and/or measures in the Marine Strategy Part 3. The effects of individual measures cannot generally be linked directly to environmental status or the criteria. Monitoring data can, however, indirectly give an indication of the effectiveness of measures. The monitoring (methods, spatial and temporal coverage) aims to achieve sufficient statistical confidence in the assessment. The risk of not achieving GES or deterioration from GES is addressed in the Marine Strategy, Parts 1 and 3. The European Commission requests that the electronic reports explain how the DPSIR cycle is monitored and to which part of the cycle the monitoring surveys are linked. The MSFD monitoring programme helps to generate better insight into the relationships between the use of the sea and the marine ecosystem. This can be accomplished by monitoring pressures and the underlying activities (D1C1: incidental bycatch, D2: non-indigenous species, D3C1: fish mortality, D5: eutrophication, D6C1/D6C4: physical loss of seabed/habitats and D6C2: fisheries intensity and sand extraction, D8 and D9: pollutants, D10: litter, D11: underwater noise), and by monitoring species and habitats (D1: biodiversity (with the exception of D1C1), D3C2: spawning stock biomass, D4: food web, D6C3/D6C5: habitats ) and hydrographical characteristics (D7). The numerous relationships between the various elements of the marine ecosystem are complex, and many are still not known. Consequently, it is often only possible to give an indication of the impact of specific activities on the marine ecosystem. Experts generally derive DPSIR relationships from the monitoring of pressures/activities and of species and habitats (from the MSFD monitoring programme), in combination with data derived from permits and research programmes. However, some surveys have been established to measure pressures and their effects and/or to learn more about the effectiveness of measures. In designing the monitoring survey for benthic animals (habitats), the Netherlands explicitly took account of the need to
Coverage of GES criteria	Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024
Gaps and plans	Indicators for the criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C3 have to be defined not only for fish species, but also for cephalopods. This has not yet been done, primarily because so little information is available about these species. Research will be conducted into the possibility of formulating these indicators in 2020.
Related targets
Coverage of targets	Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024
Related measures
Coverage of measures	Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024
Related monitoring programmes	ANSNL-D1346-Sub2-Biomass ANSNL-D1346-Sub3-SizeDistr
Programme code	ANSNL-D1346-Sub2-Biomass															ANSNL-D1346-Sub3-SizeDistr
Programme name	Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass															Mobile species - population characteristics
Update type	Modified from 2014															Same programme as in 2014
Old programme codes
Programme description	D3C2 The aim of the MSFD is to restore and conserve the populations of all commercially exploited fish and shellfish. The CFP constitutes the statutory framework for the fisheries sector and the Netherlands is therefore guided by it to achieve the MSFD objectives. To achieve GES, the fish mortality rate (D3C1) and the spawning stock biomass (D3C2) of all commercially exploited fish species must both comply with the international requirements. The data for the mortality rate from fishing and spawning stock biomass are derived from monitoring carried out for the Statutory Research Tasks (WOT Fisheries) programme and the Data Collection Framework (DCF). The DCF in its current form has been in operation since 2008. Every member state draws up a national programme enumerating the elements and parameters to be measured for the DCF. The Dutch Centre for Fisheries Research (CFR) conducts the biological research for the DCF as part of the WOT. The tasks performed by the CFR are incorporated in a continuous programme that encompasses a variety of studies into herring, blue whiting and mackerel, but also research into the impact of bottom trawling on demersal fish. The research provides an insight into the number of fish, fish larvae or fish eggs of a specific species in a particular year. The spatial coverage, density and measurement frequency are different for each survey. For example, the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) covers almost the entire North Sea every year by fishing each ICES area (roughly 56x56 km) twice with different ships with a bottom trawl. The spawning stock biomass, expressed in tonnes per species, is derived partly from data generated by independent monitoring and partly from data supplied by fisheries. These data concern: 1) the age distribution of the fish that are caught, 2) the numbers by age, 3) the average weight per age and sex, and 4) information about the sex ratio and sexual maturity. The monitoring surveys are adequate and have not changed compared with the previous monitoring programme (2014). The monitoring programme coordinated and prescribed by ICES guarantees the collection of the basic data required for the assessment of commercially caught fish species. This internationally coordinated monitoring and the annual recommendations made by ICES give an indication of the extent to which GES has been achieved. D1C4 The distribution of migratory fish species has to comply with the Favourable Reference Range (FRR) in the															D1C3: To determine the ‘demographic characteristics´ (D1C3) of the fish population, the distribution by size of the fish community is assessed using OSPAR’s Large Fish Indicator (LFI). The necessary data are collected for the assessment of fish stocks in accordance with the CFP. Most of the data for the OSPAR Large Fish Indicator (LFI) are derived from the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS). This survey falls under the monitoring for the Common Fisheries Policy and has been operational since the end of the 1960s. For the MSFD reporting, data since 1983 are used because the monitoring survey is guaranteed to have the necessary consistency from that year. One way that consistency is ensured is through the use of the standard bottom trawl, the Grand Ouverture Verticale (GOV), which involves multiple trawls according to the principles of ‘stratified random sampling’ in the relevant ICES blocks, in principle by different member states. Every year the trawls are aggregated to calculate the indices (ICES, 2012). The IBTS monitoring survey registers at least the species and size of every fish that is caught. The Dutch contribution to the IBTS falls under the Statutory Research Task (WOT) for Fisheries and the Data Collection Framework (DCF). This monitoring is conducted annually, in cooperation/coordination? with other countries, at the Greater North Sea level. ICES coordinates the monitoring and is responsible for the necessary quality assurance and quality control. An additional quality assurance and quality control process has been incorporated for calculations for this indicator (Moriarty, 2017, Greenstreet, 2017). There are no changes in the monitoring compared with the MSFD monitoring programme in 2014. D4C3: The size structure in trophic guilds is measured in relation to the fish community and is expressed in terms of ‘typical length’. The size structure of fish is monitored with the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) as part of the monitoring for the CFP. This monitoring survey has been operational since the end of the 1960s, however, only data that have been collected since 1983 are used for MSFD reporting, since the necessary consistency in the monitoring can only be guaranteed from that year. The survey employs the stratified random sampling method, with multiple trawls in each relevant ICES area, in principle carried out by different member states. At least the species and size of each fish caught is registered. The Netherlands contrib
Monitoring purpose	Environmental state and impacts															Environmental state and impacts
Other policies and conventions	Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy) Habitats Directive															Data Collection Framework Multi-Annual Plan (Common Fisheries Policy)
Regional cooperation - coordinating body	OSPAR															OSPAR
Regional cooperation - countries involved
Regional cooperation - implementation level	Joint data collection															Joint data collection
Monitoring details
Features	Coastal fish		Demersal shelf fish			Pelagic shelf fish		Coastal fish	Demersal shelf fish	Pelagic shelf fish	Coastal fish	Demersal shelf fish	Pelagic shelf fish		Commercially exploited fish and shellfish	Coastal fish	Deep-sea fish	Demersal shelf fish	Pelagic shelf fish	Shelf ecosystems
Elements	Labrus bergylta	Lampetra fluviatilis	Amblyraja radiata Dasyatis pastinaca Dipturus batis Mustelus asterias Mustelus mustelus Raja clavata Raja montagui Scyliorhinus canicula Squalus acanthias	Anarhichas lupus Anguilla anguilla Brosme brosme Chimaera monstrosa Conger conger Dicentrarchus labrax Etmopterus spinax Gadus morhua Galeorhinus galeus Galeus melastomus Helicolenus dactylopterus Hippoglossus hippoglossus Lophius budegassa Lophius piscatorius Merluccius merluccius Molva molva Pleuronectes platessa Pollachius pollachius Pollachius virens Scophthalmus maximus [Psetta maxima]	Petromyzon marinus	Alosa alosa	Alosa fallax Salmo salar	Lampetra fluviatilis	Petromyzon marinus	Alosa alosa Alosa fallax Salmo salar	Lampetra fluviatilis	Petromyzon marinus	Alosa alosa Alosa fallax	Salmo salar	Ammodytes spp. Anguilla anguilla Argentina silus Brosme brosme Clupea harengus Dicentrarchus labrax Eutrigla gurnardus Gadus morhua Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis Limanda limanda Lophius budegassa Lophius piscatorius Melanogrammus aeglefinus Merlangius merlangus Micromesistius poutassou Microstomus kitt Molva dypterygia Molva molva Nephrops norvegicus Pandalus borealis Platichthys flesus Pleuronectes platessa Pollachius virens Scomber scombrus Scophthalmus maximus [Psetta maxima] Scophthalmus rhombus Solea solea (sin. vulgaris) Sprattus sprattus Squalus acanthias Trachurus trachurus Trisopterus esmarkii	Anguilla anguilla Chelon labrosus Ciliata mustela Ctenolabrus rupestris Hippocampus guttulatus Hippocampus hippocampus Lampetra fluviatilis Nerophis lumbriciformis Nerophis ophidion Parablennius gattorugine Platichthys flesus Pollachius pollachius Salmo salar Sarpa salpa Scorpaena scrofa Spinachia spinachia Symphodus melops Syngnathus acus Zoarces viviparus	Chimaera monstrosa Malacocephalus laevis Polyprion americanus	Amblyraja radiata Anarhichas lupus Argentina silus Argentina sphyraena Arnoglossus imperialis Arnoglossus laterna Blennius ocellaris Brosme brosme Buglossidium luteum Callionymus lyra Callionymus maculatus Chelidonichthys cuculus Conger conger Ctenolabrus rupestris Dasyatis pastinaca Dicentrarchus labrax Dipturus batis Dipturus oxyrinchus Echiichthys vipera Enchelyopus cimbrius Etmopterus spinax Eutrigla gurnardus Gadiculus argenteus Gadus morhua Gaidropsarus macrophthalmus Gaidropsarus vulgaris Galeorhinus galeus Galeus melastomus Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Helicolenus dactylopterus Hippoglossus hippoglossus Labrus mixtus Leucoraja circularis Limanda limanda Lophius budegassa Lophius piscatorius Lumpenus lampretaeformis Macroramphosus scolopax Melanogrammus aeglefinus Merlangius merlangus Merluccius merluccius Microchirus variegatus Microstomus kitt Molva dypterygia Molva molva Mullus barbatus barbatus Mullus surmuletus Mustelus asterias Mustelus mustelus Myoxocephalus quadricornis Myoxocephalus scorpius Pagrus pagrus Petromyzon marinus Phycis blennoides Pleuronectes platessa Pollachius virens Raja clavata Raja montagui Scophthalmus maximus [Psetta maxima] Scophthalmus rhombus Scyliorhinus canicula Spondyliosoma cantharus Squalus acanthias Syngnathus typhle Taurulus bubalis Torpedo marmorata Trachinus draco Trigla lyra Trisopterus luscus Zeus faber	Cyclopterus lumpus Pagellus erythrinus	Sub-apex demersal predators Sub-apex pelagic predators
GES criteria	D1C2		D1C2			D1C2		D1C4	D1C4	D1C4	D1C5	D1C5	D1C5		D3C2	D1C3	D1C3	D1C3	D1C3	D4C3
Parameters	Other	Abundance (number of individuals)	Other Presence	Other	Abundance (number of individuals) Other	Abundance (number of individuals) Other	Abundance (number of individuals)	Distribution (range)	Distribution (range)	Distribution (range)	Extent Other	Other	Extent Other	Other	Biomass of Spawning Stock (SSB)	Size distribution	Size distribution	Size distribution	Size distribution	Size distribution
Parameter Other	Proportion Failing to Spawn (PFS)		Proportion Failing to Spawn (PFS)			Proportion Failing to Spawn (PFS)					Habitat condition Suitability	Habitat condition Suitability	Habitat condition Suitability
Spatial scope	Beyond MS Marine Waters															Beyond MS Marine Waters
Marine reporting units	L1.2															L1.2
Temporal scope (start date - end date)	1960-9999															1983-9999
Monitoring frequency	Yearly															Yearly
Monitoring type	In-situ sampling coastal In-situ sampling offshore															In-situ sampling coastal In-situ sampling offshore
Monitoring method	Other monitoring method SISP 10 - Manual for the International Bottom Trawl Surveys, Revision IX SISP 15 - Manual of the IBTS North Eastern Atlantic Surveys															OSPAR CEMP Guideline: Combined guideline for the common indicators FC1, FC2, FC3 and FW3 for fish and food webs (Agreement 2018-05) Other monitoring method SISP 10 - Manual for the International Bottom Trawl Surveys, Revision IX SISP 15 - Manual of the IBTS North Eastern Atlantic Surveys
Monitoring method other	Spawning Stock Biomass has been fully incorporated into the existing monitoring programmes relating to the Statutory Research Tasks for Fisheries (WOT) and the Data Collection Framework (DCF, coordinated by ICES). Information from, among others, the following monitoring programmes is used: Sole Net Survey (SNS) [A], Demersal Young Fish Survey (DYFS) [B], International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) [C], International Herring Larvae Surveys (IHLS)[D], Mackerel and horse mackerel eggs [E], Beam trawl Survey (BTS)[B].															Size distribution is not a standard parameter yet, however, the required data for the assessment is available through the regular surveys that are done for the DCF. Additional analyses of the data are necessary. The required data can be derived from the current database and based on this information the size distribution can be determined.
Quality control	Fish stocks are monitored by experienced researchers in accordance with internationally agreed working methods. The data collected at national level undergoes quality control at ICES.															Fish stocks are monitored by experienced researchers in accordance with internationally agreed working methods. . ICES coordinates the monitoring and the quality assurance and quality control. An additional Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedure is incorporated for the calculation of this indicator (D4C3).
Data management	www.ICES.dk
Data access	www.ices.dk															www.ices.dk
Related indicator/name	Populaties van alle commerciële vis-, schaal- en schelpdiersoorten Herstel van kwetsbare vissoortpopulaties															Proportion of Large Fish (Large Fish Index) Grootteverdeling in visgemeenschappen
Contact
References																Greenstreet S.P.R. & Moriarty M. (2017) Manual for Version 3 of the Groundfish Survey Monitoring and Assessment Data Product. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Vol 8 No 18.Greenstreet S.P.R. & Moriarty M. (2017) OSPAR Interim Assessment 2017 Fish Indicator Manual (Relating to 587 Version 2 of the Groundfish Survey Monitoring and Assessment Data Product).