The measure aims to develop methods for control and reduction measures of certain invasive alien species. To keep an established species or newly introduced species under control or to locally combat stocks in selected environments, is important in order to reach the related environmental target but also descriptor 2. Experiences of such measures have so far been limited.

The purpose of the measure is to develop technical tools in order to improve the availability and quality of information on alien species, as reliable and accessible information is important for the authorities' work in planning and implementing measures to prevent or reduce damage from alien species. Easily accessible information also increases the knowledge of the public, industry and stakeholders and is necessary to get their support, to follow regulations, to get help with reporting on the occurrence of alien species and help with eradication. The information in the technical tools should therefore be regularly updated and supplemented, as well as simplified in order to reach a larger target group.

Authorities need to become aware of new findings of alien species quickly, e.g. in order to be able to take measures to combat them if necessary. This is a key factor in meeting relevant environmental target and descriptor 2. In Sweden, there has been a lack of overarching framework for this and therefore, a national warning and response system will be developed to gather information to relevant authorities immediately when an alien invasive species is detected. In addition, contingency and management plans need to be developed for species that contain information such as routes of transmission, control measures and division of responsibilities, which is a prerequisite for rapid action on the alien species that constitute or is expected to pose a significant risk to genetic and biological diversity. Within the measure a total of 20 stations to detect invasive alien species have been selected using a risk model for the introduction of marine species. Monitoring will be carried at these stations during a six-year management cycle. An ongoing collaboration between concerned authorities within the project 'Digital IAS' is aiming to streamline response to detection and ensure high data quality. Moreover, there is an ongoing work to develop and produce information and knowledge for management and contingency plans for invasive alien species.

The measure shall develop a guide for cleaning ship hulls. The guide shall describes how supervisory authorities (municipalities, County Administrative Boards) will conduct their supervision of the activity. It will also include guidelines on what requirements are to be set for filtration and disposal of biological fouling, requirements for technology to minimize the spread of hazardous substances during the activity and requirements for environmentally friendly disposal of the collected material from the cleaning. The measure has been modified since Sweden’s programme of measure 2015. Modification of the measure implies that the measure now is focused on the disposal of hazardous substances and biological growth on ship hulls, hulls of recreational boats are included in ÅPH 17. Therefore, the measure is no longer linked to the environmental target B.2. Regional coordination: Helcom’s Baltic Sea Action Plan, BSAP, includes similar measure on sustainable technologies against hull growth (e.g. measure S9), coordination in implementation will be sought where relevant.

The measure includes several activities to reduce the spread of contaminants from recreational boats. This includes investigating the reason for the continued spread of TBT and other hazardous substances from soil and sediments, investigate the need for further regulation and work to establish relevant regulations to address this. The measure also aims to establish guidelines with regard to hull cleaning and other maintenance activities of leisure boats, this is done in order to prevent the spread of TBT and others hazardous substances to the marine environment, but also introduction and spread of (invasive) alien species and micro plastic. Based on this, inspection guidelines should be developed. The measure has been modified since Sweden’s programme of measure 2015. The modification implies that the measure focuses on investigating the cause of continued supply of tributyltin (TBT) and other hazardous substances and the need for further regulation in relation to land and sediment in connection with recreational boat use. Another change is that the measure will develop guidelines for hull maintenance of recreational boats to prevent the spread of TBT, other dangerous substances and alien species. Regional coordination: Helcom’s Baltic Sea Action Plan, BSAP, includes similar measure on biocides on recreational boats (e.g. measure HL29), coordination in implementation will be sought if relevant.

The Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management has the overall responsibility for the measure, which is directed at developing guidance on what management documents for marine protected areas must contain. A representative and well-connected network of marine protected areas with appropriate conservation measures contribute to achieving good environmental status.

The measure aims at establishing new marine protected areas and other area-based conservation measures to support achievement of good environmental status. The measure has been modified since Sweden’s programme of measure 2015. The modification implies that the measure has been expanded to include work with green infrastructure, ecosystem-based marine management and include additional activities to achieve an expected revised, higher areal target of marine protected areas. Moreover, additional possible spatial management measures are included e.g. to align the measure with other management processes (e.g. fisheries management and marine planning). Regional/bilateral cooperation: The measure is related to working groups on marine spatial protection within both Helcom and Ospar. Moreover, the measure is directly linked to Helcom's recommendation 35/1219 for marine protected areas, measures in the Helcom Baltic Sea Action Plan, BSAP (including measure B1), and OSPAR’s work with the list of endangered species and habitats. Similar measure is also planned within the framework of Finland’s PoM. Thus, coordination in implementation will be sought where relevant.

The measure is taken in order to ensure that the conservation objectives in marine protected areas are met. This means that appropriate conservation measures need to be introduced in marine protected areas where they do not exist (existing and new areas). Moreover, new measures may be needed if new knowledge has emerged, or if you have an old decision for a nature reserve where the marine biological values have not been taken into account.

All authorities and municipalities with implementation responsibilities for measures in the Swedish MSFD Programme of Measures, need to annually report on the progress of implementation of measures to the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management. The reporting mainly relates to the status of the implementation of the measures (activity follow-up), cost follow-up and if relevant, the effect of the measure. The measure has been modified since Sweden’s programme of measure 2015. The modification implies that information on reporting process is clarified and includes follow-up dialogues but also that implementation plans are going to be developed under each measure in the Swedish programmes of measure.

The purpose of the measure is to reduce the introduction and spread of invasive non-indigenous species in marine protected areas through human activity, as well as to limit the spread of invasive non-indigenous species to adjacent areas and sea basins.

Regulates input and or spread of non-indigenous species from aquaculture. It aims to create rules on aquaculture practices to ensure adequate protection of the aquatic environment from the risks associated with the use of non-native species and locally absent species in aquaculture.

Regulates input and or spread of non-indigenous species. The regulation 1143/2014 aims to control or eradicate priority species, and to manage pathways to prevent the introduction and establishment of new IAS; it applies to species considered of Union concern and subject to formal risk assessment.

This regulation contains provisions on invasive alien species and complements the Regulation 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. According to the regulation, the authorities are tasked with carrying out risk assessments, taking measures on species' dispersal routes and establishing monitoring systems, and according to the EU regulation, notifying and informing when an invasive species is detected. The authorities are also given the opportunity to authorize certain handling for species on the Union list and to propose emergency measures. For species with a large distribution, where extinction is not possible, the authorities must develop management measures.

Regulates input and or spread of non-indigenous specie. The regulation 1143/2014 aims to control or eradicate priority species, and to manage pathways to prevent the introduction and establishment of new IAS; it applies to species considered of Union concern and subject to formal risk assessment. So far, 49 species have been listed but the criteria for selecting species for risk assessment have not been disclosed and were probably unsystematic. Within three years of the adoption of the Union list, each Member State shall establish and implement one single action plan or a set of action plans to address the priority pathways it has identified. Sweden's first edition of the action plan was established in 2019, and is limited to the 49 Union species as well as three aquatic species of national importance, and an analysis of their distribution routes, with some additions for aquatic transmission routes.

From 8 September 2017, ships must manage their ballast water so that aquatic organisms and pathogens are removed or rendered harmless before the ballast water is released into a new location. This will help prevent the spread of invasive species as well as potentially harmful pathogens.

The regulations regulate permits to release fish into the wild. Through permits, this control that inappropriate fish species are spread. The regulations complement regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health (‘Animal Health Law’)

The Swedish Transport Agency's regulations on handling and control of ships' ballast water and sediment further regulates input and or spread of non-indigenous species. The regulations complement the Ballast Water Act (2009: 1165) and the Ballast Water Ordinance (2017:74).

The Regulation sets rules on the control, planning and permission for various environmental activities, such as a fish breeding or wintering of fish; mine extraction of peat, oil, gas, coal, ores, minerals, rock, gravel; food, animal-by products, vegetable and fruit processing and production; wood; metallic and non-metallic products and processing; consumption of organic solvents and other hazardous substances; waste and wastewater treatment. To conduct an environmentally hazardous activity, you must have a permit or there is a notification obligation in order to conduct the activity. In Sweden, there are approximately 6,000 activities that require a permit.

This Regulation concerns environmental impact assessment as prescribed by Chapter 6 of the Environmental Code. A significant environmental impact assessment shall be carried out in accordance with section 3 of the Code. The implementation of plans, programmes or amendments of those may include an activity or measure that requires authorization pursuant to Chapter 7 § 28 of the Code. It applies to public planning and measures and private sector projects. A plan, programme or amendment indicates the conditions for conducting such activities or taking such measures as are specified in section 6 or the Annex to this Regulation. These include for example: an action programme (according to Chapter 5, Section 8 of the Environmental Code), a waste plan (according to Chapter 15, Section 41 of the Environmental Code), an overview plan (according to the Planning and Building Act 2010: 900), a marine plan according to the Marine Planning Regulation (2015:400), or another plan or program relating to agriculture, forestry, fishing, energy, industry, transport, regional development, waste management, water management, telecommunications, tourism, land-use planning or land use in accordance with Regulation (2018: 2105). The Regulation sets out the criteria for judging whether an activity shall be subject to an environmental impact procedure by county administrative boards and specifies rules for such procedure (including public consultation). It further elaborates if and how an EIA must be carried out. EIA shall be carried out for projects involving water resources. It also provides for assessment of transboundary effects.

The environmental quality objectives describe the quality of the environment that Sweden wishes to achieve. There are 16 of objectives covering different areas – from unpolluted air and lakes free from eutrophication and acidification, to functioning forest and farmland ecosystems. For each objective there are a number of 'specifications', clarifying the state of the environment to be attained. The objectives are: Reduced Climate Impact, Clean Air, Natural Acidification Only, A Non-Toxic Environment, A Protective Ozone Layer, A Safe Radiation Environment, Zero Eutrophication, Flourishing Lakes and Streams, Good-Quality Groundwater, A Balanced Marine Environment, Flourishing Coastal Areas and Archipelagos, Thriving Wetlands, Sustainable Forests, A Varied Agricultural Landscape, A Magnificent Mountain Landscape, A Good Built Environment, A Rich Diversity of Plant and Animal Life. http://naturvardsverket.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1477059/FULLTEXT01.pdf

The Swedish Environmental Code was adopted in 1998 and entered into force 1 January 1999. The rules contained within 15 acts have been amalgamated in this comprehensive and fundamental code on environment. The Code is divided into seven Parts and each Part is divided into Chapters (33 in total). Part 1 contains provisions of general character. Chapter 1 defines objectives and area of application of the Code. Chapter 2 defines general environmental obligations and requirements. Chapter 3 contains basic provisions concerning the management of land and water areas, whereas Chapter 4 contains special provisions concerning land and water management in certain areas in Sweden. Chapter 5 concerns the publication of environmental quality standards and compliance with such standards. Chapter 6 concerns environmental impact statements. Part 2 makes provision for the protection of nature. Chapter 7 provides principally for the protection of areas, i.e. designation of national parks, nature reserves, culture reserves, habitat protection areas, wildlife and plant sanctuaries, shore protection areas, environmental protection areas, water protection areas, and special protection areas and special areas of conservation. Chapter 8 contains special provisions concerning the protection of animal and plant species. Part 3 provides rules that apply to certain activities that may harm the environment. Chapter 9 concerns environmentally hazardous activities and health protection. Chapter 10 deals with to land and water areas, buildings and structures that are so polluted that they may cause damage human health or the environment and provides in particular for responsibility for investigation and after-treatment. Chapter 11 contains provisions relating to specified waterworks and other operations regarding water. Chapter 12 contains rules relative to quarries, agriculture and other activities. Provisions of Chapter 13 shall be applicable to contained use and deliberate release of genetically modified organisms. Chapter 14 concerns chemical products and biotechnical organisms and Chapter 15 waste and producer responsibility in respect of waste. Other provisions of the Code concern valuation and assessment of environmental activities in relation with authorization, legal proceedings, court's decisions, etc. (Part 4), supervision (Part 5), offences, penalties and enforcement (Part 6) and compensation in connection with public interventions and permit application procedures relating to water operation etc, compensation for certain kinds of environmental damage and other private claims, environmental damage insurance and environmental clean-up insurance (Part 7).

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets out rules to halt deterioration in the status of European Union (EU) water bodies and achieve ‘good status’ for Europe’s rivers, lakes and groundwater by 2015. It specifically includes: protecting all forms of water (surface, ground, inland and transitional); restoring the ecosystems in and around these bodies of water; reducing pollution in water bodies; guaranteeing sustainable water usage by individuals and businesses. The WFD addresses many land-based preassures and activities that also affect the marine environment. Related are also OSPAR recommendations 89/4 and 92/7 but as the purpose of these recommendations have been addressed by the Nitrates Directive, the Waste Framework Directive and the Water Framework Directive, the recommendations have currently been set-aside.

The HELCOM Contracting Parties have decided on a joint action plan for the Baltic Sea environment, the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), adopted in 2007 and updated in 2021. BSAP is HELCOM’s strategic programme of measures and actions for achieving good environmental status of the sea, ultimately leading to a Baltic Sea in a healthy state. The updated plan includes more theme areas and the objectives for the work have also been updated. The updated BSAP is divided into four segments with specific goals: -Biodiversity, with its goal of a “Baltic Sea ecosystem is healthy and resilient”, -Eutrophication, with its goal of a “Baltic Sea unaffected by eutrophication” -Hazardous substances and litter, with its goal of a “Baltic Sea unaffected by hazardous substances and litter”, and -Sea-based activities, with its goal of “Environmentally sustainable sea-based activities”.

The document provides an overview of HELCOM and its contribution to achieving good environmental status in the Baltic Sea Region, e.g. by describing the process and results of the regional coordination of measures and identifies opportunities for improved regional coherence of national measures and for additional joint regional actions. Thus, the document does not include direct measures. Hence, the response “not known” chosen for the field Measure Purpose.

WFD Measures in the Swedish water authorities' River Basin Management Plans intended to also contributing to the 2021 updated MSFD PoM are listed below. The measures are reported at KTM level. The information about the WFD-measures should however be regarded as preliminary since the adoption and subsequent entry into force of the River Basin Management Plans are delayed. Havs- och vattenmyndigheten 6