Member State report / Art11 / 2020 / D1-B / Baltic
| Report type | Member State report to Commission |
| MSFD Article | Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates) |
| Report due | 2020-10-15 |
| GES Descriptor | D1 Birds |
| Region/subregion | Baltic |
Member state |
DE |
DE |
DE |
DK |
DK |
DK |
DK |
DK |
DK |
DK |
EE |
EE |
EE |
EE |
EE |
EE |
FI |
FI |
FI |
FI |
FI |
FI |
LT |
LT |
LT |
LV |
PL |
PL |
PL |
PL |
SE |
SE |
SE |
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Monitoring strategy description |
Das Monitoring der Biodiversität von Vögeln erfasst derzeit im Wesentlichen Abundanz, Verteilung und weitere ausgewählte biologische Parameter von Vogelarten. Erfasst und bewertet werden See- und Küstenvögel, insbesondere Zielarten der Meeres- und Küstenschutzgebiete sowie typische Vogelarten der relevanten Lebensraumtypen nach FFH-RL, darüber hinaus alle weiteren Arten des Anhang I VRL und regelmäßig auftretende Zugvogelarten gemäß Artikel 4.2 VRL sowie durch Übereinkommen bestimmte Arten im Meeresbereich.
Das Monitoring erfasst hauptsächlich Zustände von Vogelpopulationen und -gemeinschaften. Im Rahmen des Monitorings werden alle anwesenden Vogelarten erfasst, so dass Auswertungen sowohl für jede einzelne Art (Abundanzen, Phänologien, Trends) als auch für funktionelle Gruppen vorgenommen werden können. Ziel ist es, Statusänderungen auf Art- und Artengruppenebene, Auswirkungen von (neuen) Belastungen und zukünftig auch von Maßnahmen aufzuzeigen und gegenüber natürlichen Schwankungen abzugrenzen. Damit sind auch Rückschlüsse auf Habitatebene möglich. Auch die Wirksamkeit der Maßnahmen sowie die Erreichung der entsprechenden deutschen Umweltziele kann so beurteilt werden.
Ein risikobasierter Ansatz wird nicht angewandt.
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Das Monitoring der Biodiversität von Vögeln erfasst derzeit im Wesentlichen Abundanz, Verteilung und weitere ausgewählte biologische Parameter von Vogelarten. Erfasst und bewertet werden See- und Küstenvögel, insbesondere Zielarten der Meeres- und Küstenschutzgebiete sowie typische Vogelarten der relevanten Lebensraumtypen nach FFH-RL, darüber hinaus alle weiteren Arten des Anhang I VRL und regelmäßig auftretende Zugvogelarten gemäß Artikel 4.2 VRL sowie durch Übereinkommen bestimmte Arten im Meeresbereich.
Das Monitoring erfasst hauptsächlich Zustände von Vogelpopulationen und -gemeinschaften. Im Rahmen des Monitorings werden alle anwesenden Vogelarten erfasst, so dass Auswertungen sowohl für jede einzelne Art (Abundanzen, Phänologien, Trends) als auch für funktionelle Gruppen vorgenommen werden können. Ziel ist es, Statusänderungen auf Art- und Artengruppenebene, Auswirkungen von (neuen) Belastungen und zukünftig auch von Maßnahmen aufzuzeigen und gegenüber natürlichen Schwankungen abzugrenzen. Damit sind auch Rückschlüsse auf Habitatebene möglich. Auch die Wirksamkeit der Maßnahmen sowie die Erreichung der entsprechenden deutschen Umweltziele kann so beurteilt werden.
Ein risikobasierter Ansatz wird nicht angewandt.
|
Das Monitoring der Biodiversität von Vögeln erfasst derzeit im Wesentlichen Abundanz, Verteilung und weitere ausgewählte biologische Parameter von Vogelarten. Erfasst und bewertet werden See- und Küstenvögel, insbesondere Zielarten der Meeres- und Küstenschutzgebiete sowie typische Vogelarten der relevanten Lebensraumtypen nach FFH-RL, darüber hinaus alle weiteren Arten des Anhang I VRL und regelmäßig auftretende Zugvogelarten gemäß Artikel 4.2 VRL sowie durch Übereinkommen bestimmte Arten im Meeresbereich.
Das Monitoring erfasst hauptsächlich Zustände von Vogelpopulationen und -gemeinschaften. Im Rahmen des Monitorings werden alle anwesenden Vogelarten erfasst, so dass Auswertungen sowohl für jede einzelne Art (Abundanzen, Phänologien, Trends) als auch für funktionelle Gruppen vorgenommen werden können. Ziel ist es, Statusänderungen auf Art- und Artengruppenebene, Auswirkungen von (neuen) Belastungen und zukünftig auch von Maßnahmen aufzuzeigen und gegenüber natürlichen Schwankungen abzugrenzen. Damit sind auch Rückschlüsse auf Habitatebene möglich. Auch die Wirksamkeit der Maßnahmen sowie die Erreichung der entsprechenden deutschen Umweltziele kann so beurteilt werden.
Ein risikobasierter Ansatz wird nicht angewandt.
|
Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
|
Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
|
Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
|
Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
|
Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
|
Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
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Formålet med overvågningen af havfugle er at skabe vidensgrundlag for en løbende vurdering af tilstanden, så det kan vurderes, om biodiversiteten opretholdes, og om tætheden er på et niveau som svarer til det naturlige under de givne fysiske, geografiske og klimatiske forhold i havmiljøet.
Danmark har en betydningsfuld placering, da mere end tre millioner fugle hvert år overvintrer i danske havområder for at yngle og fouragere. Overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle omhandler de fugle, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Tilstan-den vurderes for fem funktionelle grupper, der er defineret ud fra fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fø-degrundlag: 1) planteædende fugle 2) vadefugle 3) fugle, der søger føde i overfladen 4) fugle, der sø-ger føde i vandsøjlen og 5) fugle, der søger føde ved havbunden. Hvis der sker ændringer i fuglenes fødegrundlag, kan det afspejles i forekomsten og tilstanden af en fugleart eller en fuglegruppe. Foruden ophæng i havstrategidirektivet, udføres overvågningsprogrammet for havfugle også i henhold til en række beskyttelsesforanstaltninger såsom fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
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The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds" is to assess the status of water birds, their abundance, distribution and population structure in the Estonian marine and coastal areas. The status of waterbirds in the breeding season and the wintering season, as well as the status of migratory birds, are assessed. The following functional groups of water birds are monitored: herbivorous birds, waders, surface-feeding birds, pelagic-feeding birds and benthic-feeding birds. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area covers the coasts (up to 20 km landward), coastal sea and off-shore areas. The visual observations on land and from the research vessel, as well as flight monitoring, are conducted. The assessment is produced for the whole Estonian marine areas as a whole. The strategy involves the following monitoring programmes: “Abundance of wintering birds”, “Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (coastal area)”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (feeding in off-shore areas)”, and "Birds - mortality due to oil pollution". Information on the uses and human activities affecting birds' populations is collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds" is to assess the status of water birds, their abundance, distribution and population structure in the Estonian marine and coastal areas. The status of waterbirds in the breeding season and the wintering season, as well as the status of migratory birds, are assessed. The following functional groups of water birds are monitored: herbivorous birds, waders, surface-feeding birds, pelagic-feeding birds and benthic-feeding birds. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area covers the coasts (up to 20 km landward), coastal sea and off-shore areas. The visual observations on land and from the research vessel, as well as flight monitoring, are conducted. The assessment is produced for the whole Estonian marine areas as a whole. The strategy involves the following monitoring programmes: “Abundance of wintering birds”, “Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (coastal area)”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (feeding in off-shore areas)”, and "Birds - mortality due to oil pollution". Information on the uses and human activities affecting birds' populations is collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds" is to assess the status of water birds, their abundance, distribution and population structure in the Estonian marine and coastal areas. The status of waterbirds in the breeding season and the wintering season, as well as the status of migratory birds, are assessed. The following functional groups of water birds are monitored: herbivorous birds, waders, surface-feeding birds, pelagic-feeding birds and benthic-feeding birds. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area covers the coasts (up to 20 km landward), coastal sea and off-shore areas. The visual observations on land and from the research vessel, as well as flight monitoring, are conducted. The assessment is produced for the whole Estonian marine areas as a whole. The strategy involves the following monitoring programmes: “Abundance of wintering birds”, “Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (coastal area)”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (feeding in off-shore areas)”, and "Birds - mortality due to oil pollution". Information on the uses and human activities affecting birds' populations is collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds" is to assess the status of water birds, their abundance, distribution and population structure in the Estonian marine and coastal areas. The status of waterbirds in the breeding season and the wintering season, as well as the status of migratory birds, are assessed. The following functional groups of water birds are monitored: herbivorous birds, waders, surface-feeding birds, pelagic-feeding birds and benthic-feeding birds. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area covers the coasts (up to 20 km landward), coastal sea and off-shore areas. The visual observations on land and from the research vessel, as well as flight monitoring, are conducted. The assessment is produced for the whole Estonian marine areas as a whole. The strategy involves the following monitoring programmes: “Abundance of wintering birds”, “Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (coastal area)”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (feeding in off-shore areas)”, and "Birds - mortality due to oil pollution". Information on the uses and human activities affecting birds' populations is collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds" is to assess the status of water birds, their abundance, distribution and population structure in the Estonian marine and coastal areas. The status of waterbirds in the breeding season and the wintering season, as well as the status of migratory birds, are assessed. The following functional groups of water birds are monitored: herbivorous birds, waders, surface-feeding birds, pelagic-feeding birds and benthic-feeding birds. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area covers the coasts (up to 20 km landward), coastal sea and off-shore areas. The visual observations on land and from the research vessel, as well as flight monitoring, are conducted. The assessment is produced for the whole Estonian marine areas as a whole. The strategy involves the following monitoring programmes: “Abundance of wintering birds”, “Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (coastal area)”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (feeding in off-shore areas)”, and "Birds - mortality due to oil pollution". Information on the uses and human activities affecting birds' populations is collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy "SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds" is to assess the status of water birds, their abundance, distribution and population structure in the Estonian marine and coastal areas. The status of waterbirds in the breeding season and the wintering season, as well as the status of migratory birds, are assessed. The following functional groups of water birds are monitored: herbivorous birds, waders, surface-feeding birds, pelagic-feeding birds and benthic-feeding birds. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area covers the coasts (up to 20 km landward), coastal sea and off-shore areas. The visual observations on land and from the research vessel, as well as flight monitoring, are conducted. The assessment is produced for the whole Estonian marine areas as a whole. The strategy involves the following monitoring programmes: “Abundance of wintering birds”, “Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (coastal area)”, “Abundance of migratory waterbirds (feeding in off-shore areas)”, and "Birds - mortality due to oil pollution". Information on the uses and human activities affecting birds' populations is collected in the programme “Marine and coastal activities”. |
The sub-programmes provide information on the size and distribution of seabird breeding populations, the number and occurrence of wintering waterbirds, the possible occurrence of mass deaths of seabirds, the production of marine eagle and the number of seabirds hunted. The hunting catch sub-programme also collects data on hunted seals.
From a long-term perspective, the status of seabird populations in the Baltic Sea has been influenced by the release of oil, the accumulation of environmental poisons, the spread of which into the archipelago, the previous collection of eggs, the death of birds in fishing gear and hunting. The conditions in the breeding or wintering areas outside the Baltic Sea also affect the numbers of birds in the Baltic Sea. Global warming has an impact on the ice situation in the Baltic Sea, which contributes to the distribution of wintering waterfowl.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C), 4 (criteria D4C1 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Data on the numbers of seabirds dying in fishing gear have not been systematically collected in Finland in the past, but since 2013 commercial fisheries catch reporting forms have also been requested to fill in data on birds killed in fishing gear (see sub-programme Commercial catch statistics). In practice, seabirds of the same species in the Baltic Sea belonged to the same population, so it would be justified to combine the results of different coastal States in order to produce reliable and comprehensive farm assessments.
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The sub-programmes provide information on the size and distribution of seabird breeding populations, the number and occurrence of wintering waterbirds, the possible occurrence of mass deaths of seabirds, the production of marine eagle and the number of seabirds hunted. The hunting catch sub-programme also collects data on hunted seals.
From a long-term perspective, the status of seabird populations in the Baltic Sea has been influenced by the release of oil, the accumulation of environmental poisons, the spread of which into the archipelago, the previous collection of eggs, the death of birds in fishing gear and hunting. The conditions in the breeding or wintering areas outside the Baltic Sea also affect the numbers of birds in the Baltic Sea. Global warming has an impact on the ice situation in the Baltic Sea, which contributes to the distribution of wintering waterfowl.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C), 4 (criteria D4C1 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Data on the numbers of seabirds dying in fishing gear have not been systematically collected in Finland in the past, but since 2013 commercial fisheries catch reporting forms have also been requested to fill in data on birds killed in fishing gear (see sub-programme Commercial catch statistics). In practice, seabirds of the same species in the Baltic Sea belonged to the same population, so it would be justified to combine the results of different coastal States in order to produce reliable and comprehensive farm assessments.
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The sub-programmes provide information on the size and distribution of seabird breeding populations, the number and occurrence of wintering waterbirds, the possible occurrence of mass deaths of seabirds, the production of marine eagle and the number of seabirds hunted. The hunting catch sub-programme also collects data on hunted seals.
From a long-term perspective, the status of seabird populations in the Baltic Sea has been influenced by the release of oil, the accumulation of environmental poisons, the spread of which into the archipelago, the previous collection of eggs, the death of birds in fishing gear and hunting. The conditions in the breeding or wintering areas outside the Baltic Sea also affect the numbers of birds in the Baltic Sea. Global warming has an impact on the ice situation in the Baltic Sea, which contributes to the distribution of wintering waterfowl.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C), 4 (criteria D4C1 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Data on the numbers of seabirds dying in fishing gear have not been systematically collected in Finland in the past, but since 2013 commercial fisheries catch reporting forms have also been requested to fill in data on birds killed in fishing gear (see sub-programme Commercial catch statistics). In practice, seabirds of the same species in the Baltic Sea belonged to the same population, so it would be justified to combine the results of different coastal States in order to produce reliable and comprehensive farm assessments.
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The sub-programmes provide information on the size and distribution of seabird breeding populations, the number and occurrence of wintering waterbirds, the possible occurrence of mass deaths of seabirds, the production of marine eagle and the number of seabirds hunted. The hunting catch sub-programme also collects data on hunted seals.
From a long-term perspective, the status of seabird populations in the Baltic Sea has been influenced by the release of oil, the accumulation of environmental poisons, the spread of which into the archipelago, the previous collection of eggs, the death of birds in fishing gear and hunting. The conditions in the breeding or wintering areas outside the Baltic Sea also affect the numbers of birds in the Baltic Sea. Global warming has an impact on the ice situation in the Baltic Sea, which contributes to the distribution of wintering waterfowl.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C), 4 (criteria D4C1 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Data on the numbers of seabirds dying in fishing gear have not been systematically collected in Finland in the past, but since 2013 commercial fisheries catch reporting forms have also been requested to fill in data on birds killed in fishing gear (see sub-programme Commercial catch statistics). In practice, seabirds of the same species in the Baltic Sea belonged to the same population, so it would be justified to combine the results of different coastal States in order to produce reliable and comprehensive farm assessments.
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The sub-programmes provide information on the size and distribution of seabird breeding populations, the number and occurrence of wintering waterbirds, the possible occurrence of mass deaths of seabirds, the production of marine eagle and the number of seabirds hunted. The hunting catch sub-programme also collects data on hunted seals.
From a long-term perspective, the status of seabird populations in the Baltic Sea has been influenced by the release of oil, the accumulation of environmental poisons, the spread of which into the archipelago, the previous collection of eggs, the death of birds in fishing gear and hunting. The conditions in the breeding or wintering areas outside the Baltic Sea also affect the numbers of birds in the Baltic Sea. Global warming has an impact on the ice situation in the Baltic Sea, which contributes to the distribution of wintering waterfowl.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C), 4 (criteria D4C1 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Data on the numbers of seabirds dying in fishing gear have not been systematically collected in Finland in the past, but since 2013 commercial fisheries catch reporting forms have also been requested to fill in data on birds killed in fishing gear (see sub-programme Commercial catch statistics). In practice, seabirds of the same species in the Baltic Sea belonged to the same population, so it would be justified to combine the results of different coastal States in order to produce reliable and comprehensive farm assessments.
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The sub-programmes provide information on the size and distribution of seabird breeding populations, the number and occurrence of wintering waterbirds, the possible occurrence of mass deaths of seabirds, the production of marine eagle and the number of seabirds hunted. The hunting catch sub-programme also collects data on hunted seals.
From a long-term perspective, the status of seabird populations in the Baltic Sea has been influenced by the release of oil, the accumulation of environmental poisons, the spread of which into the archipelago, the previous collection of eggs, the death of birds in fishing gear and hunting. The conditions in the breeding or wintering areas outside the Baltic Sea also affect the numbers of birds in the Baltic Sea. Global warming has an impact on the ice situation in the Baltic Sea, which contributes to the distribution of wintering waterfowl.
The programme provides data for descriptors 1 (criteria D1C1, D1C2 and D1C), 4 (criteria D4C1 and D4C3) and 8 (criteria D8C2). Data on the numbers of seabirds dying in fishing gear have not been systematically collected in Finland in the past, but since 2013 commercial fisheries catch reporting forms have also been requested to fill in data on birds killed in fishing gear (see sub-programme Commercial catch statistics). In practice, seabirds of the same species in the Baltic Sea belonged to the same population, so it would be justified to combine the results of different coastal States in order to produce reliable and comprehensive farm assessments.
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Valstybinėje 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programoje žiemojančių jūros paukščių monitoringas suplanuotas vykdyti visoje Baltijos jūros priekrantėje, teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje esančiose Natura 2000 teritorijose ne rečiau kaip 1 kartą per 3 metus, kasmet – ne mažiau kaip 1 teritorijoje sibirinėms gagoms. Tyrimų metu vertinama skirtingų rūšių žiemojančių jūros paukščių gausumas ir pasiskirstymas, vertinama apskaitų metu fiksuoti naftos produktais susitepę žuvę jūros paukščiai, žvejybinių tinklų išdėstymas, paukščių elgsena, lytis ir amžius. Iki šiol pagal monitoringo programą žiemojančių paukščių rūšių monitoringas buvo vykdomas daugiausia nuo kranto, įvertinant priekrantėje sutinkamų žiemojančių paukščių rodiklius, o išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje jūros paukščių apskaitos buvo pavienės, atliktos tik atskirų mokslinių tyrimų bei projektų metu.
Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, žiemojančių jūros paukščių apskaitos teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje, pagal Valstybinę 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programą, bus vykdomos du metus iš eilės, 2020/2021 ir 2021/2022 m. žiemą.
Monitoringo duomenys naudojami jūros rajono būklei vertinti pagal D1-paukščiams: 1) Vandens storymėje besimaitinančių (pelaginių) paukščių gausumas (žiemojančių jūrinių paukščių populiacijos gausumas: Rudakaklis/juodakaklis naras (Gavia sp.); ausuotasis kragas (Podiceps cristatus); didysis dančiasnapis (Megus merganser); vidutinis dančiasnapis (Megus serrator); mažasis dančiasnapis (Margellus albellus); 2) Bentosu besimaitinančių paukščių gausumas (klykuolė (Bucephala clangula); nuodėgulė (Melanitta fusca); ledinė antis (Clangula hyemalis); sibirinė gaga (Polysticta stelleri); juodoji antis (Melanitta nigra); paprastoji gaga (Somateria mollissima). Poveikiui jūros rajonui vertinti: 1) Jūros paukščių priegauda verslinės žvejybos įrankiuose; 2) Naftos produktais susitepusių jūros paukščių dalis. Paukščių monitoringas pakrantėje vykdomas ne mažiau kaip 3 teritorijose (Kuršių nerijoje, žemyninės dalies pajūrio juostoje). Jo metu, be pagrindinių paukščių populiacijos rodiklių stebimi ir naftos produktais susitepę paukščiai.
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Valstybinėje 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programoje žiemojančių jūros paukščių monitoringas suplanuotas vykdyti visoje Baltijos jūros priekrantėje, teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje esančiose Natura 2000 teritorijose ne rečiau kaip 1 kartą per 3 metus, kasmet – ne mažiau kaip 1 teritorijoje sibirinėms gagoms. Tyrimų metu vertinama skirtingų rūšių žiemojančių jūros paukščių gausumas ir pasiskirstymas, vertinama apskaitų metu fiksuoti naftos produktais susitepę žuvę jūros paukščiai, žvejybinių tinklų išdėstymas, paukščių elgsena, lytis ir amžius. Iki šiol pagal monitoringo programą žiemojančių paukščių rūšių monitoringas buvo vykdomas daugiausia nuo kranto, įvertinant priekrantėje sutinkamų žiemojančių paukščių rodiklius, o išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje jūros paukščių apskaitos buvo pavienės, atliktos tik atskirų mokslinių tyrimų bei projektų metu.
Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, žiemojančių jūros paukščių apskaitos teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje, pagal Valstybinę 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programą, bus vykdomos du metus iš eilės, 2020/2021 ir 2021/2022 m. žiemą.
Monitoringo duomenys naudojami jūros rajono būklei vertinti pagal D1-paukščiams: 1) Vandens storymėje besimaitinančių (pelaginių) paukščių gausumas (žiemojančių jūrinių paukščių populiacijos gausumas: Rudakaklis/juodakaklis naras (Gavia sp.); ausuotasis kragas (Podiceps cristatus); didysis dančiasnapis (Megus merganser); vidutinis dančiasnapis (Megus serrator); mažasis dančiasnapis (Margellus albellus); 2) Bentosu besimaitinančių paukščių gausumas (klykuolė (Bucephala clangula); nuodėgulė (Melanitta fusca); ledinė antis (Clangula hyemalis); sibirinė gaga (Polysticta stelleri); juodoji antis (Melanitta nigra); paprastoji gaga (Somateria mollissima). Poveikiui jūros rajonui vertinti: 1) Jūros paukščių priegauda verslinės žvejybos įrankiuose; 2) Naftos produktais susitepusių jūros paukščių dalis. Paukščių monitoringas pakrantėje vykdomas ne mažiau kaip 3 teritorijose (Kuršių nerijoje, žemyninės dalies pajūrio juostoje). Jo metu, be pagrindinių paukščių populiacijos rodiklių stebimi ir naftos produktais susitepę paukščiai.
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Valstybinėje 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programoje žiemojančių jūros paukščių monitoringas suplanuotas vykdyti visoje Baltijos jūros priekrantėje, teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje esančiose Natura 2000 teritorijose ne rečiau kaip 1 kartą per 3 metus, kasmet – ne mažiau kaip 1 teritorijoje sibirinėms gagoms. Tyrimų metu vertinama skirtingų rūšių žiemojančių jūros paukščių gausumas ir pasiskirstymas, vertinama apskaitų metu fiksuoti naftos produktais susitepę žuvę jūros paukščiai, žvejybinių tinklų išdėstymas, paukščių elgsena, lytis ir amžius. Iki šiol pagal monitoringo programą žiemojančių paukščių rūšių monitoringas buvo vykdomas daugiausia nuo kranto, įvertinant priekrantėje sutinkamų žiemojančių paukščių rodiklius, o išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje jūros paukščių apskaitos buvo pavienės, atliktos tik atskirų mokslinių tyrimų bei projektų metu.
Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, žiemojančių jūros paukščių apskaitos teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje, pagal Valstybinę 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programą, bus vykdomos du metus iš eilės, 2020/2021 ir 2021/2022 m. žiemą.
Monitoringo duomenys naudojami jūros rajono būklei vertinti pagal D1-paukščiams: 1) Vandens storymėje besimaitinančių (pelaginių) paukščių gausumas (žiemojančių jūrinių paukščių populiacijos gausumas: Rudakaklis/juodakaklis naras (Gavia sp.); ausuotasis kragas (Podiceps cristatus); didysis dančiasnapis (Megus merganser); vidutinis dančiasnapis (Megus serrator); mažasis dančiasnapis (Margellus albellus); 2) Bentosu besimaitinančių paukščių gausumas (klykuolė (Bucephala clangula); nuodėgulė (Melanitta fusca); ledinė antis (Clangula hyemalis); sibirinė gaga (Polysticta stelleri); juodoji antis (Melanitta nigra); paprastoji gaga (Somateria mollissima). Poveikiui jūros rajonui vertinti: 1) Jūros paukščių priegauda verslinės žvejybos įrankiuose; 2) Naftos produktais susitepusių jūros paukščių dalis. Paukščių monitoringas pakrantėje vykdomas ne mažiau kaip 3 teritorijose (Kuršių nerijoje, žemyninės dalies pajūrio juostoje). Jo metu, be pagrindinių paukščių populiacijos rodiklių stebimi ir naftos produktais susitepę paukščiai.
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The section addresses state (number and distribution of wintering birds). The full survey is planned once every 6 years in coordination with other Baltic Sea states. In addition, annually "index" surveys are planned to obtain an estimate of long term inter-annual variation of wintering bird populations. Pressure and impact are monitored under other sub-programs. |
The goal of the Strategy is to provide information for the assessments of the status of marine waters with regard to the populations of 5 species groups of birds (grazing, wading, surface-feeding, pelagic-feeding and benthic-feeding birds) in wintering (all encountered species) and breeding seasons in compliance with Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 and criteria laid down in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017. Strategy takes into consideration regional cooperation through established HELCOM monitoring guidelines. The strategy also reflects the human activities, pressures and impacts by monitoring the health status of white-tailed eagle as well as monitoring of by-catch.
Information gathered within the strategy will not only provide information on the status of marine waters but also help to identify measures to be implemented and assess progress of those already implemented to achieve good environmental status of marine waters, in accordance with the initial assessment of the status of marine waters and the set of characteristics for the good environmental status of marine waters. |
The goal of the Strategy is to provide information for the assessments of the status of marine waters with regard to the populations of 5 species groups of birds (grazing, wading, surface-feeding, pelagic-feeding and benthic-feeding birds) in wintering (all encountered species) and breeding seasons in compliance with Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 and criteria laid down in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017. Strategy takes into consideration regional cooperation through established HELCOM monitoring guidelines. The strategy also reflects the human activities, pressures and impacts by monitoring the health status of white-tailed eagle as well as monitoring of by-catch.
Information gathered within the strategy will not only provide information on the status of marine waters but also help to identify measures to be implemented and assess progress of those already implemented to achieve good environmental status of marine waters, in accordance with the initial assessment of the status of marine waters and the set of characteristics for the good environmental status of marine waters. |
The goal of the Strategy is to provide information for the assessments of the status of marine waters with regard to the populations of 5 species groups of birds (grazing, wading, surface-feeding, pelagic-feeding and benthic-feeding birds) in wintering (all encountered species) and breeding seasons in compliance with Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 and criteria laid down in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017. Strategy takes into consideration regional cooperation through established HELCOM monitoring guidelines. The strategy also reflects the human activities, pressures and impacts by monitoring the health status of white-tailed eagle as well as monitoring of by-catch.
Information gathered within the strategy will not only provide information on the status of marine waters but also help to identify measures to be implemented and assess progress of those already implemented to achieve good environmental status of marine waters, in accordance with the initial assessment of the status of marine waters and the set of characteristics for the good environmental status of marine waters. |
The goal of the Strategy is to provide information for the assessments of the status of marine waters with regard to the populations of 5 species groups of birds (grazing, wading, surface-feeding, pelagic-feeding and benthic-feeding birds) in wintering (all encountered species) and breeding seasons in compliance with Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 and criteria laid down in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017. Strategy takes into consideration regional cooperation through established HELCOM monitoring guidelines. The strategy also reflects the human activities, pressures and impacts by monitoring the health status of white-tailed eagle as well as monitoring of by-catch.
Information gathered within the strategy will not only provide information on the status of marine waters but also help to identify measures to be implemented and assess progress of those already implemented to achieve good environmental status of marine waters, in accordance with the initial assessment of the status of marine waters and the set of characteristics for the good environmental status of marine waters. |
The monitoring of seabirds provides a basis for assessing state primarily on the basis of abundance. The monitoring also allows a qualitative assessment of the distribution and health status of certain species. The monitoring of by-catches and hunting has the potential to provide a basis for direct impact, while other human activities and pressures that may affect seabirds, such as physical disturbance, fishing, shipping and hazardous substances, including oil spills, are included in other monitoring strategies.
Large-scale changes in distributional range can be detected with current monitoring, although there is currently no indicator in place (criterion D1C4). The data collected in the monitoring of breeding seabirds will in the future be able to be used to assess the condition of the populations (D1C3), but there is no indicator in place yet.
By using the monitoring of different human activities and pressures (e.g. shipping, constructions, fishing and oil spills) the aim is to be able to use these data together with data on mobile species to assess D1C5. JWGbird (Joint Ospar/Helcom/Ices Working Group on Marine Birds) are currently working on developing an indicator for D1C5.
There are no targets in place specifically linked to marine birds, however, the targets for hazardous substances, eutrophication, marine litter, underwater noise and fishing activities are indirectly relevant to acheive good status also for birds.
The related measures may cause positive changes in the marine bird populations, but just as for the targets the linkage between the human activities and pressures and how they may impact the populations are not always crystal clear. |
The monitoring of seabirds provides a basis for assessing state primarily on the basis of abundance. The monitoring also allows a qualitative assessment of the distribution and health status of certain species. The monitoring of by-catches and hunting has the potential to provide a basis for direct impact, while other human activities and pressures that may affect seabirds, such as physical disturbance, fishing, shipping and hazardous substances, including oil spills, are included in other monitoring strategies.
Large-scale changes in distributional range can be detected with current monitoring, although there is currently no indicator in place (criterion D1C4). The data collected in the monitoring of breeding seabirds will in the future be able to be used to assess the condition of the populations (D1C3), but there is no indicator in place yet.
By using the monitoring of different human activities and pressures (e.g. shipping, constructions, fishing and oil spills) the aim is to be able to use these data together with data on mobile species to assess D1C5. JWGbird (Joint Ospar/Helcom/Ices Working Group on Marine Birds) are currently working on developing an indicator for D1C5.
There are no targets in place specifically linked to marine birds, however, the targets for hazardous substances, eutrophication, marine litter, underwater noise and fishing activities are indirectly relevant to acheive good status also for birds.
The related measures may cause positive changes in the marine bird populations, but just as for the targets the linkage between the human activities and pressures and how they may impact the populations are not always crystal clear. |
The monitoring of seabirds provides a basis for assessing state primarily on the basis of abundance. The monitoring also allows a qualitative assessment of the distribution and health status of certain species. The monitoring of by-catches and hunting has the potential to provide a basis for direct impact, while other human activities and pressures that may affect seabirds, such as physical disturbance, fishing, shipping and hazardous substances, including oil spills, are included in other monitoring strategies.
Large-scale changes in distributional range can be detected with current monitoring, although there is currently no indicator in place (criterion D1C4). The data collected in the monitoring of breeding seabirds will in the future be able to be used to assess the condition of the populations (D1C3), but there is no indicator in place yet.
By using the monitoring of different human activities and pressures (e.g. shipping, constructions, fishing and oil spills) the aim is to be able to use these data together with data on mobile species to assess D1C5. JWGbird (Joint Ospar/Helcom/Ices Working Group on Marine Birds) are currently working on developing an indicator for D1C5.
There are no targets in place specifically linked to marine birds, however, the targets for hazardous substances, eutrophication, marine litter, underwater noise and fishing activities are indirectly relevant to acheive good status also for birds.
The related measures may cause positive changes in the marine bird populations, but just as for the targets the linkage between the human activities and pressures and how they may impact the populations are not always crystal clear. |
Coverage of GES criteria |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring was in place by 2018 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Gaps and plans |
Einige der deutschen Umweltziele und die GES-Kriterien des Beschlusses EU 2017/848 setzen eine genaue Vorstellung von Zielzuständen voraus, die bisher noch nicht genauer spezifiziert sind. Eine nationale Abstimmung dieser Lücken wird durch die Fortschritte in den regionalen Übereinkommen (HELCOM) erleichtert und soll in den nächsten Jahren erfolgen.
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Einige der deutschen Umweltziele und die GES-Kriterien des Beschlusses EU 2017/848 setzen eine genaue Vorstellung von Zielzuständen voraus, die bisher noch nicht genauer spezifiziert sind. Eine nationale Abstimmung dieser Lücken wird durch die Fortschritte in den regionalen Übereinkommen (HELCOM) erleichtert und soll in den nächsten Jahren erfolgen.
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Einige der deutschen Umweltziele und die GES-Kriterien des Beschlusses EU 2017/848 setzen eine genaue Vorstellung von Zielzuständen voraus, die bisher noch nicht genauer spezifiziert sind. Eine nationale Abstimmung dieser Lücken wird durch die Fortschritte in den regionalen Übereinkommen (HELCOM) erleichtert und soll in den nächsten Jahren erfolgen.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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One of the shortcomings of the monitoring is the insufficiency of the monitoring system and gathering information on occurred birds by-catches and entangled or trapped within fishing gears. This could give a comprehensive and reliable overview of the incidental by-catch mortality. Project-based monitoring is mostly held nowadays. Since human activity pressure has a large extend on the status of birds population, the improvement of such data collection system should be done. The future assessment of criterion D1C1 could be done using the HELCOM core indicator “Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear”.
The protected areas monitoring programme needs to be developed and include birds, mammals, fish, benthos, and habitats, as well as pelagic communities' components. |
One of the shortcomings of the monitoring is the insufficiency of the monitoring system and gathering information on occurred birds by-catches and entangled or trapped within fishing gears. This could give a comprehensive and reliable overview of the incidental by-catch mortality. Project-based monitoring is mostly held nowadays. Since human activity pressure has a large extend on the status of birds population, the improvement of such data collection system should be done. The future assessment of criterion D1C1 could be done using the HELCOM core indicator “Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear”.
The protected areas monitoring programme needs to be developed and include birds, mammals, fish, benthos, and habitats, as well as pelagic communities' components. |
One of the shortcomings of the monitoring is the insufficiency of the monitoring system and gathering information on occurred birds by-catches and entangled or trapped within fishing gears. This could give a comprehensive and reliable overview of the incidental by-catch mortality. Project-based monitoring is mostly held nowadays. Since human activity pressure has a large extend on the status of birds population, the improvement of such data collection system should be done. The future assessment of criterion D1C1 could be done using the HELCOM core indicator “Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear”.
The protected areas monitoring programme needs to be developed and include birds, mammals, fish, benthos, and habitats, as well as pelagic communities' components. |
One of the shortcomings of the monitoring is the insufficiency of the monitoring system and gathering information on occurred birds by-catches and entangled or trapped within fishing gears. This could give a comprehensive and reliable overview of the incidental by-catch mortality. Project-based monitoring is mostly held nowadays. Since human activity pressure has a large extend on the status of birds population, the improvement of such data collection system should be done. The future assessment of criterion D1C1 could be done using the HELCOM core indicator “Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear”.
The protected areas monitoring programme needs to be developed and include birds, mammals, fish, benthos, and habitats, as well as pelagic communities' components. |
One of the shortcomings of the monitoring is the insufficiency of the monitoring system and gathering information on occurred birds by-catches and entangled or trapped within fishing gears. This could give a comprehensive and reliable overview of the incidental by-catch mortality. Project-based monitoring is mostly held nowadays. Since human activity pressure has a large extend on the status of birds population, the improvement of such data collection system should be done. The future assessment of criterion D1C1 could be done using the HELCOM core indicator “Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear”.
The protected areas monitoring programme needs to be developed and include birds, mammals, fish, benthos, and habitats, as well as pelagic communities' components. |
One of the shortcomings of the monitoring is the insufficiency of the monitoring system and gathering information on occurred birds by-catches and entangled or trapped within fishing gears. This could give a comprehensive and reliable overview of the incidental by-catch mortality. Project-based monitoring is mostly held nowadays. Since human activity pressure has a large extend on the status of birds population, the improvement of such data collection system should be done. The future assessment of criterion D1C1 could be done using the HELCOM core indicator “Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gear”.
The protected areas monitoring programme needs to be developed and include birds, mammals, fish, benthos, and habitats, as well as pelagic communities' components. |
No gaps.
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No gaps.
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No gaps.
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No gaps.
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No gaps.
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No gaps.
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Pagrindinės žiemojančių paukščių monitoringo spragos:
1) nėra pakankamai duomenų apie žiemojančių jūros paukščių pasiskirstymą atviroje jūroje (EEZ), kurie galėtų būti naudojami atnaujinant geros aplinkos būklės rodiklius ir tikslus. Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, tyrimai nusikėlė, tačiau bus padaryti per ateinančius 2 metus, monitoringo programos 2018-2023 m. įgyvendinimo metu.
2) Nėra pakankamai duomenų, skirtų žvejybos poveikiui jūros ekosistemoms įvertinti. Įsigaliojus Komisijos įgyvendinimo sprendimui (ES) 2016/1251 nuo 2017 m. visi paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos atvejai turi būti registruojami vykdant 2017-2019 m. daugiametę Sąjungos duomenų rinkimo, tvarkymo ir naudojimo žvejybos ir akvakultūros sektoriuose programą. Atsakinga Žemės ūkio ministerija. Šiuo metu sprendžiami klausimai dėl gyvūnų priegaudos registravimo duomenų bazės.
Siekiant įvertinti paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos Lietuvos jūriniuose vandenyse mastą, ateinančius metus (2021 m.) bus vykdoma studija, kurios metu bus atliktas statomųjų tinklų poveikio jūros paukščiams ir žinduoliams masto įvertinimas ir parengti pasiūlymai dėl žvejybos reguliavimo priemonių, leidžiančių šio poveikio išvengti arba jį sumažinti. Surinkti priegaudos duomenys iš Baltijos jūros priekrantės ir atviros jūros bus naudojami atnaujinant geros jūros aplinkos būklės savybes ir peržiūrint tikslus.
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Pagrindinės žiemojančių paukščių monitoringo spragos:
1) nėra pakankamai duomenų apie žiemojančių jūros paukščių pasiskirstymą atviroje jūroje (EEZ), kurie galėtų būti naudojami atnaujinant geros aplinkos būklės rodiklius ir tikslus. Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, tyrimai nusikėlė, tačiau bus padaryti per ateinančius 2 metus, monitoringo programos 2018-2023 m. įgyvendinimo metu.
2) Nėra pakankamai duomenų, skirtų žvejybos poveikiui jūros ekosistemoms įvertinti. Įsigaliojus Komisijos įgyvendinimo sprendimui (ES) 2016/1251 nuo 2017 m. visi paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos atvejai turi būti registruojami vykdant 2017-2019 m. daugiametę Sąjungos duomenų rinkimo, tvarkymo ir naudojimo žvejybos ir akvakultūros sektoriuose programą. Atsakinga Žemės ūkio ministerija. Šiuo metu sprendžiami klausimai dėl gyvūnų priegaudos registravimo duomenų bazės.
Siekiant įvertinti paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos Lietuvos jūriniuose vandenyse mastą, ateinančius metus (2021 m.) bus vykdoma studija, kurios metu bus atliktas statomųjų tinklų poveikio jūros paukščiams ir žinduoliams masto įvertinimas ir parengti pasiūlymai dėl žvejybos reguliavimo priemonių, leidžiančių šio poveikio išvengti arba jį sumažinti. Surinkti priegaudos duomenys iš Baltijos jūros priekrantės ir atviros jūros bus naudojami atnaujinant geros jūros aplinkos būklės savybes ir peržiūrint tikslus.
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Pagrindinės žiemojančių paukščių monitoringo spragos:
1) nėra pakankamai duomenų apie žiemojančių jūros paukščių pasiskirstymą atviroje jūroje (EEZ), kurie galėtų būti naudojami atnaujinant geros aplinkos būklės rodiklius ir tikslus. Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, tyrimai nusikėlė, tačiau bus padaryti per ateinančius 2 metus, monitoringo programos 2018-2023 m. įgyvendinimo metu.
2) Nėra pakankamai duomenų, skirtų žvejybos poveikiui jūros ekosistemoms įvertinti. Įsigaliojus Komisijos įgyvendinimo sprendimui (ES) 2016/1251 nuo 2017 m. visi paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos atvejai turi būti registruojami vykdant 2017-2019 m. daugiametę Sąjungos duomenų rinkimo, tvarkymo ir naudojimo žvejybos ir akvakultūros sektoriuose programą. Atsakinga Žemės ūkio ministerija. Šiuo metu sprendžiami klausimai dėl gyvūnų priegaudos registravimo duomenų bazės.
Siekiant įvertinti paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos Lietuvos jūriniuose vandenyse mastą, ateinančius metus (2021 m.) bus vykdoma studija, kurios metu bus atliktas statomųjų tinklų poveikio jūros paukščiams ir žinduoliams masto įvertinimas ir parengti pasiūlymai dėl žvejybos reguliavimo priemonių, leidžiančių šio poveikio išvengti arba jį sumažinti. Surinkti priegaudos duomenys iš Baltijos jūros priekrantės ir atviros jūros bus naudojami atnaujinant geros jūros aplinkos būklės savybes ir peržiūrint tikslus.
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none
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Currently, as part of bird monitoring, descriptor D1C2 - abundance is possible to evaluate. As part of the work of the JWGBIRD working group of experts from HELCOM, OSPAR, and ICES, methodologies for assessing descriptors: D1C3 and D1C5 are being developed. After the final preparation and recommendations, the process of their implementation in Poland will start. However, the date is not known. |
Currently, as part of bird monitoring, descriptor D1C2 - abundance is possible to evaluate. As part of the work of the JWGBIRD working group of experts from HELCOM, OSPAR, and ICES, methodologies for assessing descriptors: D1C3 and D1C5 are being developed. After the final preparation and recommendations, the process of their implementation in Poland will start. However, the date is not known. |
Currently, as part of bird monitoring, descriptor D1C2 - abundance is possible to evaluate. As part of the work of the JWGBIRD working group of experts from HELCOM, OSPAR, and ICES, methodologies for assessing descriptors: D1C3 and D1C5 are being developed. After the final preparation and recommendations, the process of their implementation in Poland will start. However, the date is not known. |
Currently, as part of bird monitoring, descriptor D1C2 - abundance is possible to evaluate. As part of the work of the JWGBIRD working group of experts from HELCOM, OSPAR, and ICES, methodologies for assessing descriptors: D1C3 and D1C5 are being developed. After the final preparation and recommendations, the process of their implementation in Poland will start. However, the date is not known. |
Wintering birds – The assessment of wintering seabirds is based entirely on data from land-based countings. The large numbers of birds that wintering in the archipelagos are thus poorly represented. JWGbird advocates that coordinated flight inventories of wintering seabirds should take place at intervals of a maximum of 6 years, which is something that will be fulfilled at least in the short term with the flight inventories to be carried out during the winter of 2020. JWGbird is currently working on developing methods to assess wintering birds at sea according to D1C2.
Breeding birds – Knowledge of reproductive success over time would serve as an effective "early warning system" and would provide a basis for D1C3 (population condition). Within the monitoring of breeding coastal birds, reproduction data is collected for eider, but within a pilot inventory also for other species. Consideration should be given to including the pilot inventory in the continuously funded monitoring. Unused in this context is high-quality data collected outside the national environmental monitoring. Sweden will investigate what such data exists and their availability.
Bycatch – Monitoring is being improved thanks to a number of ongoing projects in the Baltic Sea, the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak. These projects are complementing the regular monitoring of commersial fisheries discards, where bycaught birds are noted by human observers onboard, but where numbers are too low to enable a confident assessment of D1C1. Cameras onboard are therefore being tested as a complement to the observers. |
Wintering birds – The assessment of wintering seabirds is based entirely on data from land-based countings. The large numbers of birds that wintering in the archipelagos are thus poorly represented. JWGbird advocates that coordinated flight inventories of wintering seabirds should take place at intervals of a maximum of 6 years, which is something that will be fulfilled at least in the short term with the flight inventories to be carried out during the winter of 2020. JWGbird is currently working on developing methods to assess wintering birds at sea according to D1C2.
Breeding birds – Knowledge of reproductive success over time would serve as an effective "early warning system" and would provide a basis for D1C3 (population condition). Within the monitoring of breeding coastal birds, reproduction data is collected for eider, but within a pilot inventory also for other species. Consideration should be given to including the pilot inventory in the continuously funded monitoring. Unused in this context is high-quality data collected outside the national environmental monitoring. Sweden will investigate what such data exists and their availability.
Bycatch – Monitoring is being improved thanks to a number of ongoing projects in the Baltic Sea, the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak. These projects are complementing the regular monitoring of commersial fisheries discards, where bycaught birds are noted by human observers onboard, but where numbers are too low to enable a confident assessment of D1C1. Cameras onboard are therefore being tested as a complement to the observers. |
Wintering birds – The assessment of wintering seabirds is based entirely on data from land-based countings. The large numbers of birds that wintering in the archipelagos are thus poorly represented. JWGbird advocates that coordinated flight inventories of wintering seabirds should take place at intervals of a maximum of 6 years, which is something that will be fulfilled at least in the short term with the flight inventories to be carried out during the winter of 2020. JWGbird is currently working on developing methods to assess wintering birds at sea according to D1C2.
Breeding birds – Knowledge of reproductive success over time would serve as an effective "early warning system" and would provide a basis for D1C3 (population condition). Within the monitoring of breeding coastal birds, reproduction data is collected for eider, but within a pilot inventory also for other species. Consideration should be given to including the pilot inventory in the continuously funded monitoring. Unused in this context is high-quality data collected outside the national environmental monitoring. Sweden will investigate what such data exists and their availability.
Bycatch – Monitoring is being improved thanks to a number of ongoing projects in the Baltic Sea, the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak. These projects are complementing the regular monitoring of commersial fisheries discards, where bycaught birds are noted by human observers onboard, but where numbers are too low to enable a confident assessment of D1C1. Cameras onboard are therefore being tested as a complement to the observers. |
Related targets |
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Coverage of targets |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring was in place by 2018 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Related measures |
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Coverage of measures |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring will be in place by 2024 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
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Related monitoring programmes |
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Programme code |
BALDE_MPr_105_MP_183 |
BALDE_MPr_105_MP_188 |
BALDE_MPr_105_MP_362 |
DK-D01.1-01 |
DK-D01.1-02 |
DK-D01.1-03 |
DK-D01.1-04 |
DK-D01.1-05 |
DK-D01.1-06 |
DK-D01.1-07 |
BALEE-D00-40_MarineAndCoastalActivities |
BALEE-D0104-1_BirdsWinter |
BALEE-D0104-2_BirdsBreeding |
BALEE-D0104-3_BirdsMigrateThrough |
BALEE-D0104-4_BirdsMigrateStay |
BALEE-D08-35_BirdsWashedAshore |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-1 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-2 |
BALFI-D01,04,06bir-4 |
BALFI-D03-2 |
BALFI-d01,04,06bir-3 |
BALFI-d01,04,06bir-5 |
BALLT-D014_FisheryByCatch |
BALLT-D018_OiledBirds |
BALLT-D01_BirdsWinter |
LV-4.1.1.2.1. (D1C2) |
PL-D01-01 |
PL-D1.1-01 |
PL-D1.1-02 |
PL-D1.1-03 |
SE-D1-hunting |
SE-D1D3-bycatch |
SE-D1D4-seabirds |
Programme name |
Mobile Arten (Vögel) - Abundanz und/oder Biomasse: Abundanz und Verbreitung See- und Küstenvögel (Ostsee) - Rastvögel inshore |
Mobile Arten (Vögel) - Abundanz und/oder Biomasse: Brutvogelkartierungen (Küste Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) |
Mobile Arten (Vögel) - Abundanz und/oder Biomasse: Abundanz und Verbreitung See- und Küstenvögel (Ostsee) - Rastvögel offshore |
Mobile species - abundance - birds wintering |
Mobile species - state of habitats - birds wintering breeding |
Mobile species - Population characteristics - birds breeding wintering |
Mobile species - abundance - birds breeding |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental) - CCTV projektet |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental) - Fiskerikontrollen |
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental)- Observatørture |
Marine and coastal activities |
Abundance of wintering birds |
Abundance of water birds in the breeding season |
Abundance of migratory water birds (coastal area) |
Abundance of migratory water birds (feeding in off-shore areas) |
Birds – mortality due to oil pollution (birds washed ashore) |
Marine breeding birds |
Marine wintering birds |
White tailed eagle breeding success |
Commercial fisheries catch statistics |
Mass mortalities of breeding sea birds |
Hunting of sea birds and seals |
BALLT-D014_FisheryByCatch |
BALLT-D018_OiledBirds |
BALLT-D01_BirdsWinter |
Mobile species distribution, abundance and/or biomass (wintering seabirds) |
Mobile species – mortality/injury rates from incidental by-catch from fisheries |
Mobile species - wintering birds - abundance |
Mobile species - breeding seabirds - distribution and abundance |
Mobile species - birds - health status |
Hunting of birds and seals |
Bycatch |
Seabirds |
Update type |
Modified from 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
New programme |
New programme |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
New programme |
New programme |
Same programme as in 2014 |
New programme |
Same programme as in 2014 |
New programme |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Old programme codes |
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Programme description |
Das Monitoring-Programm besteht aus den/dem folgenden Messprogramm/en (=MP): || BALDE_MP_183 || Abundanz und Verbreitung See- und Küstenvögel (Ostsee) - Rastvögel inshore || Monitoring des Brut- und Rastbestandes ausgewählter See- und Küstenvogelarten in Anlehnung an die relevanten HELCOM-Indikatoren, insbesondere von Zielarten der Meeres- und Küsten-SPAs und lebensraumtypische Arten der relevanten FFH-LRT, darüber hinaus weiterer Arten des Anhang I VRL und von regelmäßig auftretenden Zugvogelarten gemäß Artikel. 4.2 VRL im Gebiet.
Die im Messprogramm erhobenen Daten dienen der Umsetzung der MSRL, der FFH- und VRL sowie des HELCOM-Übereinkommens. Im Rahmen der MSRL erhebt das Messprogramm Daten für den MSRL-Deskriptor D1 „Biodiversität“ und den MSRL Umweltzielen Meere ohne Beeinträchtigung der marinen Arten und Lebensräume durch die Auswirkungen menschlicher Aktivitäten“ und „Meere mit nachhaltig und schonend genutzten Ressourcen“.
Die regionale Koordination findet im Rahmen von HELCOM statt. Die Messdaten werden national erhoben, die Datenerhebung folgt den gemeinsamen Vorgaben von OSPAR und HELCOM. Die Berichterstattung wird bei HELCOM koordiniert. Es werden regelmäßig Berichte dazu veröffentlicht.
Da sich gegenwärtig sowohl die Küstengewässer als auch die offene Ostsee nicht in einem guten Zustand hinsichtlich der Biodiversität (Avifauna) befinden, werden die Arten kontinuierlich erfasst und ein risikobasierter Ansatz wird nicht angewendet.
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Das Monitoring-Programm besteht aus den/dem folgenden Messprogramm/en (=MP): || BALDE_MP_188 || Brutvogelkartierungen (Küste Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) || Monitoring des Brut- und Rastbestandes ausgewählter See- und Küstenvogelarten in Anlehnung an die relevanten HELCOM-Indikatoren, insbesondere von Zielarten der Meeres- und Küsten-SPAs und lebensraumtypische Arten der relevanten FFH-LRT, darüber hinaus weiterer Arten des Anhang I VRL und von regelmäßig auftretenden Zugvogelarten gemäß Artikel. 4.2 VRL im Gebiet.
Die im Messprogramm erhobenen Daten dienen der Umsetzung der MSRL, der FFH- und VRL sowie des HELCOM-Übereinkommens. Im Rahmen der MSRL erhebt das Messprogramm Daten für den MSRL-Deskriptor D1 „Biodiversität“ und den MSRL Umweltzielen Meere ohne Beeinträchtigung der marinen Arten und Lebensräume durch die Auswirkungen menschlicher Aktivitäten“ und „Meere mit nachhaltig und schonend genutzten Ressourcen“.
Die regionale Koordination findet im Rahmen von HELCOM statt. Die Messdaten werden national erhoben, die Datenerhebung folgt den gemeinsamen Vorgaben von OSPAR und HELCOM. Die Berichterstattung wird bei HELCOM koordiniert. Es werden regelmäßig Berichte dazu veröffentlicht.
Da sich gegenwärtig sowohl die Küstengewässer als auch die offene Ostsee nicht in einem guten Zustand hinsichtlich der Biodiversität (Avifauna) befinden, werden die Arten kontinuierlich erfasst und ein risikobasierter Ansatz wird nicht angewendet.
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Das Monitoring-Programm besteht aus den/dem folgenden Messprogramm/en (=MP): || BALDE_MP_362 || Abundanz und Verbreitung See- und Küstenvögel (Ostsee) - Rastvögel offshore || Monitoring des Brut- und Rastbestandes ausgewählter See- und Küstenvogelarten in Anlehnung an die relevanten HELCOM-Indikatoren, insbesondere von Zielarten der Meeres- und Küsten-SPAs und lebensraumtypische Arten der relevanten FFH-LRT, darüber hinaus weiterer Arten des Anhang I VRL und von regelmäßig auftretenden Zugvogelarten gemäß Artikel. 4.2 VRL im Gebiet.
Die im Messprogramm erhobenen Daten dienen der Umsetzung der MSRL, der FFH- und VRL sowie des HELCOM-Übereinkommens. Im Rahmen der MSRL erhebt das Messprogramm Daten für den MSRL-Deskriptor D1 „Biodiversität“ und den MSRL Umweltzielen Meere ohne Beeinträchtigung der marinen Arten und Lebensräume durch die Auswirkungen menschlicher Aktivitäten“ und „Meere mit nachhaltig und schonend genutzten Ressourcen“.
Die regionale Koordination findet im Rahmen von HELCOM statt. Die Messdaten werden national erhoben, die Datenerhebung folgt den gemeinsamen Vorgaben von OSPAR und HELCOM. Die Berichterstattung wird bei HELCOM koordiniert. Es werden regelmäßig Berichte dazu veröffentlicht.
Da sich gegenwärtig sowohl die Küstengewässer als auch die offene Ostsee nicht in einem guten Zustand hinsichtlich der Biodiversität (Avifauna) befinden, werden die Arten kontinuierlich erfasst und ein risikobasierter Ansatz wird nicht angewendet.
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Overvågningen via havstrategidirektivet har til formål at bedømme bestandsudvikling og tilstand for fem funktionelle fuglegrupper, som er knyttet til havet på baggrund af deres fødesøgningsmønster og typiske fødegrundlag. Den danske havfugle overvågning har ophæng i flere direktiver og beskyttelsesforanstaltninger, herunder havstrategidirektivet, fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet, habitsatdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen. I de indre danske farvande gennemføres en række forskellige fugleovervågningsaktiviteter, der er dækkende for de udpegede Fuglebeskyttelsesområder. Indsamlingen af data i de indre dnake farvande er for tre af de fem funktionelle grupper overvejende dækkende i forhold til havstrategidirektivet. For så vidt angår de to funktionelle grupper der ikke dækkes af NOVANA overvågning, "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen" supplerer havstrategiovervågningen med en overvågningsaktiviteter i den danske del af Nordsøen, i farvandet øst for Bornholm og med en overvågning af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde.
Nordsøen:
Overvågning af havfugle i hele den danske del af Nordsøen gennemføres med henblik på at kortlægge antal og fordeling af specielt "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen", samt arter af lommer som er omfattet af fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivets Appen-dix 1. Yderligere overvåges der omkring Norske Rende, Mallemukker, som hører under den funktionelle gruppe "fugle der søger føde i vandoverflade". Overvågningen af Mallemukker udføres én gang i overvågningsperioden. I den forbindelse overvåges arter af lommer også. Overvågningen gennemføres ved optællinger fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Bornholm:
Overvågning omkring Bornholm udføres to gange i overvågningsperioden, både sommer og vinter, og gennemføres som en dagsoptælling fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Fældende havdykænder:
Hvert sjette år udføres en landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle i perioden medio juli-august. Tre gange i overvågningsperioden gennemføres, i forhold til havstrategiovervågningen, som supplement til den landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle, optællinger af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde. Tællingen gennemføres fra fly med menneskelige observatører i perioden juli-september.
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Den danske havfugle-overvågning har ophæng i flere direktiver og beskyttelsesforanstaltninger, herunder havstrategidirektivet, fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet, habitatdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen. I de indre danske farvande gennemføres en række forskellige fugleovervågningsaktiviteter, der er dækkende for de udpegede fuglebeskyttelsesområder. Indsamlingen af data i de indre danske farvande er for tre af de fem funktionelle grupper overvejende dækkende i forhold til havstrategidirektivet. For så vidt angår de to funktionelle grupper der ikke dækkes af NOVANA overvågning, "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen" supplerer havstrategiovervågningen med overvågningsaktiviteter i den danske del af Nordsøen, i farvandet øst for Bornholm og med en overvågning af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde.
Nordsøen:
Overvågning af havfugle i hele den danske del af Nordsøen gennemføres med henblik på at kortlægge antal og fordeling af specielt "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen", samt arter af lommer som er omfattet af fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivets Appen-dix 1. Omkring Norske Rende overvåges desuden Mallemukker, som hører under den funktionelle gruppe "fugle der søger føde i vandoverflade". Overvågningen af Mallemukker udføres én gang i overvågningsperioden. I den forbindelse overvåges arter af lommer også. Overvågningen gennemføres ved optællinger fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Bornholm:
Overvågning omkring Bornholm udføres to gange i overvågningsperioden, både sommer og vinter, og gennemføres som en dagsoptælling fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Fældende havdykænder:
Hvert sjette år udføres en landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle i perioden medio juli-august. Som supplement til den landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle gennemføres tre gange i overvågningsperioden, optællinger af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde i forhold til havstrategiovervågningen. Tællingen gennemføres fra fly med menneskelige observatører i perioden juli-september.
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Den danske havfugle-overvågning har ophæng i flere direktiver og beskyttelsesforanstaltninger, herunder havstrategidirektivet, fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet, habitatdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen. I de indre danske farvande gennemføres en række forskellige fugleovervågningsaktiviteter, der er dækkende for de udpegede fuglebeskyttelsesområder. Indsamlingen af data i de indre danske farvande er for tre af de fem funktionelle grupper overvejende dækkende i forhold til havstrategidirektivet. For så vidt angår de to funktionelle grupper der ikke dækkes af NOVANA overvågning, "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen" supplerer havstrategiovervågningen med overvågningsaktiviteter i den danske del af Nordsøen, i farvandet øst for Bornholm og med en overvågning af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde.
Nordsøen:
Overvågning af havfugle i hele den danske del af Nordsøen gennemføres med henblik på at kortlægge antal og fordeling af specielt "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen", samt arter af lommer som er omfattet af fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivets Appen-dix 1. Omkring Norske Rende overvåges desuden Mallemukker, som hører under den funktionelle gruppe "fugle der søger føde i vandoverflade". Overvågningen af Mallemukker udføres én gang i overvågningsperioden. I den forbindelse overvåges arter af lommer også. Overvågningen gennemføres ved optællinger fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Bornholm:
Overvågning omkring Bornholm udføres to gange i overvågningsperioden, både sommer og vinter, og gennemføres som en dagsoptælling fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Fældende havdykænder:
Hvert sjette år udføres en landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle i perioden medio juli-august. Som supplement til den landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle gennemføres tre gange i overvågningsperioden, optællinger af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde i forhold til havstrategiovervågningen. Tællingen gennemføres fra fly med menneskelige observatører i perioden juli-september.
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Den danske havfugle-overvågning har ophæng i flere direktiver og beskyttelsesforanstaltninger, herunder havstrategidirektivet, fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivet, habitatdirektivet og Ramsar-konventionen. I de indre danske farvande gennemføres en række forskellige fugleovervågningsaktiviteter, der er dækkende for de udpegede fuglebeskyttelsesområder. Indsamlingen af data i de indre danske farvande er for tre af de fem funktionelle grupper overvejende dækkende i forhold til havstrategidirektivet. For så vidt angår de to funktionelle grupper der ikke dækkes af NOVANA overvågning, "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen" supplerer havstrategiovervågningen med overvågningsaktiviteter i den danske del af Nordsøen, i farvandet øst for Bornholm og med en overvågning af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde.
Nordsøen:
Overvågning af havfugle i hele den danske del af Nordsøen gennemføres med henblik på at kortlægge antal og fordeling af specielt "fugle der søger føde i overfladen" og "fugle der søger føde i vandsøjlen", samt arter af lommer som er omfattet af fuglebeskyttelsesdirektivets Appen-dix 1. Omkring Norske Rende overvåges desuden Mallemukker, som hører under den funktionelle gruppe "fugle der søger føde i vandoverflade". Overvågningen af Mallemukker udføres én gang i overvågningsperioden. I den forbindelse overvåges arter af lommer også. Overvågningen gennemføres ved optællinger fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Bornholm:
Overvågning omkring Bornholm udføres to gange i overvågningsperioden, både sommer og vinter, og gennemføres som en dagsoptælling fra fly med menneskelige observatører.
Fældende havdykænder:
Hvert sjette år udføres en landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle i perioden medio juli-august. Som supplement til den landsdækkende optælling af svingfjersfældende vandfugle gennemføres tre gange i overvågningsperioden, optællinger af fældende havdykænder i områderne Ålborg Bugt, Sejerøbugten og Omø Stålgrunde i forhold til havstrategiovervågningen. Tællingen gennemføres fra fly med menneskelige observatører i perioden juli-september.
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CCTV projektet
DTU Aqua har siden 2018, for kontoret for Fiskeri i Miljø- og Fødevareministeriets departement, gennemført projektarbejde med CCTV (Closed-Circuit TeleVision system) kameraovervågning installeret om bord på fiskefartøjer i det danske garnfiskeri. Projektets formål er at indsamle data på bifangst af havpattedyr og havfugle. Der er dog ikke tale om en systematisk overvågning, da kun visse flådesegmenter er dækket og de involverede fiskere deltager på projekt basis imod kvotekompensation.
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Fiskerikontrol
Fiskeristyrelsen indsamler oplysninger om bifangst af fugle, fra fiskernes logbøger, som led i den risikobaserede fiskerikontrol.
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Observatørture
DTU Aqua foretager årligt omkring 200 observatørture, hvor observatører registrerer fangstsammensætningen på kommercielle fiskefartøjer. Derudover registreres bifangst af havpattedyr, fugle, fisk, der ikke udnyttes erhvervsmæssigt og marint affald indsamles og registreres.
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The aim of the monitoring programme is to collect data on human activities that directly or indirectly impact the marine environment. The monitored human activities are those listed in the MSFD Annex III Table 2b (2017/845/EC) and relevant for point (c) of Article 8(1), and Articles 10 and 13. The following activities are covered: Coastal defence and flood protection; Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables); Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials; Extraction of minerals; Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure; Extraction of water; Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure; Transmission of electricity and communications (cables); Fish harvesting (professional, recreational); Fish and shellfish processing; Marine plant harvesting; Hunting and collecting for other purposes; Aquaculture — marine, including infrastructure; Transport infrastructure; Transport — shipping; Waste treatment and disposal; Tourism and leisure infrastructure; Tourism and leisure activities; Military operations and Research, survey and educational activities. Data are gathered at least once during a six-year assessment period, but in some cases also annually. The system of such data collection activities is still under development.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, marine plant harvesting, hunting and collecting); Activities extracting non-living resources (sand, gravel, dredging); Activities producing food (aquaculture); Activities with permanent infrastructures (e.g. renewable energy, oil & gas, ports) or structural changes (e.g. coastal defences); Sea-based mobile activities (shipping, boating); Coastal human activities (e.g. tourism, recreational sports, ecotourism).
The programme is the further development of the programme presented in 2014. The code of the programme also changed. |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the abundance of waterbirds in the Estonian coastal and off-shore areas during the wintering season. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds”. The programme is related to GES Descriptor D1, Criterion D1C2 and potentially D1C3 and D1C4, as well as GES Descriptor D4, Criteria D4C1 and D4C2. Monitoring is conducted yearly with a goal to cover the whole area (coastal and off-shore areas) every five years. Visual counting from land in defined sectors and flight counting in off-shore areas are conducted. The programme (data collection) is regionally coordinated by HELCOM and Wetlands International. Data are annually reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March). Data collection into the regional database for assessment purposes is coordinated by the HELCOM/ICES JWGBird Group.
The programme was updated and modified since 2014 by adding the monitoring of the abundance of wintering waterbirds in the off-shore area.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – distribution, abundance and/or biomass; Mobile species – population characteristics. |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the abundance of waterbirds in Estonian coastal areas during the breeding season. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds” and “SD8 – Contaminants”. The programme is related to GES Descriptor D1, Criterion D1C2 and potentially D1C3 and D1C4, as well as GES Descriptor D4, Criteria D4C2 and D4C4 and Descriptor D8, Criterion D8C2. Monitoring is conducted yearly on small islands (island groups) where the full number of nests and species are registered. White-tailed eagle breeding success is monitored to assess the impact of contaminants. The monitoring area of the white-tailed eagle relevant to marine status assessment covers the area up to 20 km landward from the seashore. The programme data collection is regionally coordinated via HELCOM. Data are annually reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (annually by 1 March).
The programme corresponds to following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – distribution, abundance and/or biomass; Mobile species – health status; Mobile species – population characteristics. |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the abundance of migrating waterbirds at their migration routes in the Estonian coastal areas. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds”. The programme is related to GES Descriptor D1, Criterion D1C2 and D1C3. Monitoring is conducted once in five years on two locations on the coast. Waterbird species and abundances are recorded by visual observations every day during the migration period four hours after the sunrise and two hours before the sunset. The programme is not regionally coordinated yet. The data are reported to the environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March next year).
Two possible indicators are still under development: abundance index of migratory waterbirds and sex/age ratio of migratory waterbirds.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – distribution, abundance and/or biomass; Mobile species – population characteristics. |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the abundance of migratory waterbirds during their migration and feeding in the Estonian off-shore areas. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds”. The programme is related to GES Descriptor D1, Criterion D1C2 and potentially D1C4, as well as GES Descriptor D4, Criteria D4C1 and D4C2. Monitoring is conducted with a goal to cover all areas once in five years. Waterbird species and abundances are recorded by flight monitoring during the migration period. The programme is regionally coordinated via HELCOM/ICES JWGBirdGroup. Data are reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March next year).
There are no operational indicators yet, but the proposals have been done.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – distribution, abundance and/or biomass. |
The aim of the programme is to assess the impact of oil pollution on water birds. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD8 – Contaminants” and is related to GES Descriptor D8, Criteria D8C2 and D8C4, and potentially provides data for monitoring strategy „SD1.1 – Biological diversity – Birds“. Data are gathered to assess the impact of human-induced pressures. Monitoring is conducted twice a year (spring and autumn) by counting dead birds washed ashore along the selected monitoring sites (on beaches). The species and their contamination by oil are recorded, and data are reported as the number of dead birds per 1 km of coastline. The monitoring program is regionally not coordinated yet. Data are yearly reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March).
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Mobile species – mortality/injury rates from other human activities.
The programme is essentially the same as in 2014, only the code was changed. |
Currently the marine breeding birds counting network consists of 45 selected breeding areas situated in the archipelagos along the Finnish coast. About 20-30 of the areas are counted annually, but all areas are counted at least once every third year. |
Wintering birds monitoring and data collection on species numbers, abundance and distribution.Work cordinated by HELCOM in Baltic Sea area. |
White tailed eagle breeding success monitoring is largely based on volunteers coordinated by Sääksisäätiö-nonprofit organisation |
The sub-programme monitors catches by commercial fishermen and by-catches of birds and mammals. Monitoring shall be based on periodic catch reports from commercial fishermen to the authorities.
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Mass mortalities of breeding sea birds are monitored in the vicinity of breeding colonies. Therefore the monitoring is focuses on islands and islets in coastal and territorial waters. Aim is to register number of mass mortality's and causes |
Hunting of sea birds and seals is practiced in coastal and territorial waters according to hunting regulations.Hunting organizations carry out game questionnaires. Hunting statistics are maintained by the hunting organizations and stored into a database. Data on species requiring special permit is obtained through the licensing system. |
Šiuo metu nėra pakankamai duomenų, skirtų žvejybos poveikiui jūros ekosistemoms (priegaudai) įvertinti. Išsamius jūros paukščių priegaudos tyrimus 2001-2002 m. yra atlikęs Ekologijos institutas (dabar Gamtos tyrimų centras, http://www.gamtostyrimai.lt/), nuo 2015 iki 2019 metų duomenis apie paukščių priegaudą iš dalies priekrantės žvejų renka Lietuvos ornitotogų draugija (http://www.birdlife.lt/). Įsigaliojus Komisijos įgyvendinimo sprendimui (ES) 2016/1251 nuo 2017 m. visi paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos atvejai turi būti registruojami vykdant 2017-2019 m. daugiametę Sąjungos duomenų rinkimo, tvarkymo ir naudojimo žvejybos ir akvakultūros sektoriuose programą. Atsakinga Žemės ūkio ministerija. Tačiau šiuo metu dar sprendžiami klausimai dėl gyvūnų priegaudos registravimo duomenų bazės.
Siekiant įvertinti paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos Lietuvos jūriniuose vandenyse mastą, ateinančius metus (2021 m.) bus vykdoma studija, kurios metu bus atliktas statomųjų tinklų poveikio jūros paukščiams ir žinduoliams masto įvertinimas ir parengti pasiūlymai dėl žvejybos reguliavimo priemonių, leidžiančių šio poveikio išvengti arba jį sumažinti. Surinkti priegaudos duomenys iš Baltijos jūros priekrantės ir atviros jūros bus naudojami atnaujinant geros jūros aplinkos būklės savybes ir peržiūrint tikslus.
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Valstybinėje 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programoje žiemojančių jūros paukščių monitoringas suplanuotas vykdyti visoje Baltijos jūros priekrantėje, teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje esančiose Natura 2000 teritorijose ne rečiau kaip 1 kartą per 3 metus, kasmet – ne mažiau kaip 1 teritorijoje sibirinėms gagoms. Tyrimų metu vertinama skirtingų rūšių žiemojančių jūros paukščių gausumas ir pasiskirstymas, vertinama apskaitų metu fiksuoti naftos produktais susitepę žuvę jūros paukščiai, žvejybinių tinklų išdėstymas, paukščių elgsena, lytis ir amžius. Iki šiol pagal monitoringo programą žiemojančių paukščių rūšių monitoringas buvo vykdomas daugiausia nuo kranto, įvertinant priekrantėje sutinkamų žiemojančių paukščių rodiklius, o išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje jūros paukščių apskaitos buvo pavienės, atliktos tik atskirų mokslinių tyrimų bei projektų metu.
Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, žiemojančių jūros paukščių apskaitos teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje, pagal Valstybinę 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programą, bus vykdomos du metus iš eilės, 2020/2021 ir 2021/2022 m. žiemą.
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Valstybinėje 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programoje žiemojančių jūros paukščių monitoringas suplanuotas vykdyti visoje Baltijos jūros priekrantėje, teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje esančiose Natura 2000 teritorijose ne rečiau kaip 1 kartą per 3 metus, kasmet – ne mažiau kaip 1 teritorijoje sibirinėms gagoms. Tyrimų metu vertinama skirtingų rūšių žiemojančių jūros paukščių gausumas ir pasiskirstymas, vertinama apskaitų metu fiksuoti naftos produktais susitepę žuvę jūros paukščiai, žvejybinių tinklų išdėstymas, paukščių elgsena, lytis ir amžius.
Dėl užsitęsusių procedūrų finansavimui gauti, žiemojančių jūros paukščių apskaitos teritorinėje jūroje ir išskirtinėje ekonominėje zonoje, pagal Valstybinę 2018-2023 m. aplinkos monitoringo programą, bus vykdomos du metus iš eilės, 2020/2021 ir 2021/2022 m. žiemą.
Duomenys apie jūros paukščių priegaudą verslinės žvejybos įrankiuose numatyta rinkti pagal duomenų rinkimo programą. Siekiant įvertinti paukščių ir žinduolių priegaudos Lietuvos jūriniuose vandenyse mastą, ateinančius metus (2021 m.) bus vykdoma studija, kurios metu bus atliktas statomųjų tinklų poveikio jūros paukščiams ir žinduoliams masto įvertinimas ir parengti pasiūlymai dėl žvejybos reguliavimo priemonių, leidžiančių šio poveikio išvengti arba jį sumažinti. Surinkti priegaudos duomenys iš Baltijos jūros priekrantės ir atviros jūros bus naudojami atnaujinant geros jūros aplinkos būklės savybes ir peržiūrint tikslus.
Monitoringo duomenys naudojami jūros rajono (BAL-LT-AA-01) būklei vertinti pagal priimtus rodiklius: 1) Vandens storymėje besimaitinančių (pelaginių) paukščių gausumas (žiemojančių jūrinių paukščių populiacijos gausumas: Rudakaklis/juodakaklis naras (Gavia sp.); ausuotasis kragas (Podiceps cristatus); didysis dančiasnapis (Megus merganser); vidutinis dančiasnapis (Megus serrator); mažasis dančiasnapis (Margellus albellus); 2) Bentosu besimaitinančių paukščių gausumas (klykuolė (Bucephala clangula); nuodėgulė (Melanitta fusca); ledinė antis (Clangula hyemalis); sibirinė gaga (Polysticta stelleri); juodoji antis (Melanitta nigra); paprastoji gaga (Somateria mollissima). Rodikliai poveikiui vertinti: 1) Jūros paukščių priegauda verslinės žvejybos įrankiuose; 2) Naftos produktais susitepusių jūros paukščių dalis. Paukščių monitoringas pakrantėje vykdomas ne mažiau kaip 3 teritorijose (Kuršių nerijoje, žemyninės dalies pajūrio juostoje). Jo metu, be pagrindinių paukščių populiacijos rodiklių, stebimi ir naftos produk
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The purpose of the monitoring is to assess the ecological status of the Baltic Sea, including one of the environmental status components biodiversity by observing abundance and distribution of wintering seabirds as well as changes in the composition, number and distribution of bird species occurring in the marine territories of Latvia, as well as to identify and predict the trends of these changes. The programme supports the assessment of temporal trends and spatial distribution.
Corresponding HELCOM monitoring programme Birds and
sub-programme "Marine wintering birds abundance and distribution".
At present monitoring of birds is partly coordinated in HELCOM and the information presented in the Monitoring Manual is based on national monitoring programmes.
The requirements for the marine waters of Latvia and the relationship of the specified environmental objectives with the qualitative characteristics characterizing the state of the marine environment are included in Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Republic of Latvia No. 1071 of 23 November 2010, Requirements for the Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, the Determination of Good Environmental State of the Sea and Development of Marine Environmental Goals.
Corresponding legislative act of the Republic of Latvia:
Law On the Conservation of Species and Biotopes (adopted 16.03.2000);
Republic of Latvia Cabinet Regulation No. 17 (adopted 5 January 2010) Regulations Regarding Protected Marine Territories. |
The monitoring of incidental catches of cetaceans results from the implementation of EU regulations - the Regulation (EU) 2019/1241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on the conservation of fisheries resources and the protection of marine ecosystems through technical measures, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1967/2006, (EC) No 1224/2009 and Regulations (EU) No 1380/2013, (EU) 2016/1139, (EU) 2018/973, (EU) 2019/472 and (EU) 2019/1022 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Council Regulations (EC) No 894/97, (EC) No 850/98, (EC) No 2549/2000, (EC) No 254/2002, (EC) No 812/2004 and (EC) No 2187/2005, hereinafter reffered to as “Regulation 2019/1241”. Until 2019, the monitoring of by-catch was carried out from the fishing vessels in Polish Marine Areas in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 812/2004 of 26.4.2004 laying down measures concerning incidental catches of cetaceans in fisheries and amending Regulation (EC) No 88/98 (OJ L 150, 30.04.2004, p.12 as amended), hereinafter reffered to as “Regulation 812/2004”.
Monitoring of incidental catches has been carried out in Poland since 2006. The work will be carried out by the MIR-PIB under the National Programme for Collection of Fisheries Data (NPCFD). This programme will consist a continuation of the Monitoring Programme of Incidental Catches of Cetaceans performed since 2015 as part of the National Programme for Collection of Fisheries Data. By 2019, incidental catches of birds, fish and cetaceans based on data from NPCFD were reported to ICES by the Minister competent for fisheries.
Regulation (EU) 2019/1241 unlike Regulation (EU) 812/2004, does not specify the form and procedure of reporting on incidental catches to the European Commission. Reporting obligation will lie with scientific institutes and will take place under the so-called ICES Data calls in accordance with the Regulation (EU) 2017/1004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 on the establishment of a Union framework for the collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the common fisheries policy and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 199/2008 (OJ L 157, 20.6.2017, p. 1) that specifies the acces to multiannual progamms data. According to the abovementioned regulation since 2020 the entity authorized to report on accidental catches should be the entity conducting fisheries monitoring programmes within |
Monitoring is carried out to meet the requirements of the Birds Directive as well as the Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 and criteria laid down in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017 for Descriptor D1. The results of the monitoring are also used for the work of the HELCOM group. |
So far, three species have been monitored under this program: Cormorant, Sandwich Tern, and Dunlin. New species have been added to the monitoring program since 2020: Ringed Plover, Little Tern, Oystercatcher, and Shelduck. |
White-tailed Eagle Productivity Monitoring is carried out to meet the requirements of the Birds Directive as well as the Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 and criteria laid down in Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017 for Descriptors D1 and D8. The results of the monitoring are also used for the work of the HELCOM group |
In Sweden, hunting for seals and certain species of seabirds is regulated by the Hunting Act, the Hunting Ordinance and various supplementary regulations as well as other legally binding documents. The hunt can be carried out either as predator control, license hunting or general hunting. The different types of hunting have partly different purposes and conditions linked to the conduct of the hunt.
The main purpose of the predator control is to limit the damage that wildlife causes to human activities and interests and in some cases the damage that a species causes to other animals and plants. In license hunting, the kills and thus the development of the game stock in question must be adapted to the availability of game and with regard to public and private interests. The hunt must also have a clear purpose, e.g. to prevent the damage caused by wildlife. In the case of general hunting, the hunting right holder has the opportunity to hunt an unlimited number of animals of the permitted type during the permitted hunting period, however, the hunting must be adapted to the availability of game.
Predator control and license hunting is conducted following a decision by an authority. General hunting seasons are regulated in the Hunting Ordinance. The Hunting Ordinance also contains provisions that certain species may be hunted on the hunters own initiative to prevent the damage caused by wildlife.
Historically, intensive hunting has been a contributing factor to some species being endangered, but today hunting is regulated so that it does not cause a negative impact on the viability of stocks. Hunting, however, is one of several human activities that must be monitored in order to be able to follow the development of different populations of birds and seals. |
In the regular sampling carried out on board commercial fishing vessels in accordance with EU data collection regulations ((EU) 2017/1004, (EU) 2016/1251), as well as the regulation on the conservation of fishery resources and the protection of marine ecosystems (EU ) 2019/1241, information regarding by-catch is obtained. All fish species, commercial shellfish, mammals and birds are noted. Sampling takes place mainly on vessels fishing with various bottom trawls.
Data collection carried out according to the EU data collection regulations is coordinated internationally between Member States in regional data collection coordination groups. Sweden participates in two such groups RCG Baltic and RCG North Sea and Eastern Arctic (to which the Skagerrak and Kattegat belong). Furthermore, a lot of international coordination and development work is done within ICES´s various expert groups (for by-catches mainly WGBYC). Sweden participates actively in these groups.
Pilot studies were carried out in 2017-2019 with the aim of conducting by-catch sampling in 2020 in fisheries that use passive gear (nets and hooks).
The purpose is to increase knowledge about by-catches in these fisheries, to test whether it is possible to estimate by-catches by having observers on board fishing boats, and if this is an effective method.
Sampling of nets in the Sound and in the Kattegat will be included in the regular sampling from 2020. However, no ongoing monitoring of passive gear is currently planned in the Baltic Proper as previous pilots observed fewer by-catches there. So based on risk, monitoring in the Sound and Kattegatt are therefore prioritized. The Skagerrak could possibly be added after the pilot study there is completed in 2021.
The pilot studies have shown that it also works to monitor the fish with passive gear with the help of observers (the challenge is that the vessels are small). However, the question remains whether this is the most effective way of estimating the total amount of by-catches in the fisheries. The problem is that observers can only cover a small part of the total fishing effort and that by-catches of many species (such as harbour porpoises and various birds) are relatively uncommon. This means that there will be few observations and thus uncertainty in the estimates of the total amount of by-catches. In 2020, therefore, a new pilot project was initiated where surveillance with the help of cameras is tested and compared with surveillance with the help |
Seabirds are an important part of the marine ecosystem, as most species are high up in the food chain. The monitoring of breeding and wintering birds along the coast and in the offshore areas aims to follow the population development over time, which can be affected by changing conditions in the food web but also by the direct impact that arises from a number of different human activities. The status of seabirds therefore gives a general indication of the state of the ecosystem and corresponds to the cumulative impact of different pressures.
Breeding and wintering birds are nationally monitored annually along the Swedish coast. Standardized inventories of wintering birds along the coast of Sweden have been ongoing annually since 1967 and are coordinated internationally within the International Waterbird Census. Breeding birds have been monitored on a large scale since 2010. At the local level, monitoring of breeding coastal birds is also carried out in a number of coastal counties, where several of the programmes are linked to the national programme.
With an approximate six-year interval, inventories of wintering seabird species in the offshore areas are carried out, in order to supplement the annual inventories. These inventories are coordinated internationally and were first carried out in 1992-93. In 2020, inventories will be carried out in the offshore sea areas within the HELCOM and OSPAR regions in order to improve knowledge of the species that live there, especially hareld (Clangula hyemalis). The inventories are coordinated with other countries around the Baltic Sea and the North Sea through the working group JWGbird.
Somateria mollissima (Anas molissima) is also monitored, but was not in the element list |
Monitoring purpose |
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Other policies and conventions |
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Regional cooperation - coordinating body |
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Regional cooperation - countries involved |
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Regional cooperation - implementation level |
Coordinated data collection |
Agreed data collection methods |
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Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Coordinated data collection |
Common monitoring strategy |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
Agreed data collection methods |
Common monitoring strategy |
Agreed data collection methods |
Coordinated data collection |
Common monitoring strategy |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Coordinated data collection |
Coordinated data collection |
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Monitoring details |
|| MP_183 || Die Zählungen finden tagsüber statt, um soweit wie möglich Einflüsse von Schlafplatzflügen zu reduzieren. Die strikte Trennung von Tagesrast- und Schlafplatzbeständen erfolgt aus Gründen der Vergleichbarkeit. Die Zählungen sollten möglichst im Zeitraum eine Stunde nach Sonnenaufgang bis zwei Stunden vor Sonnenuntergang durchgeführt werden. Gezählt wird nach der „Look-See-Methode“ an vorgegebenen Zählterminen: Es werden alle Individuen erfasst, die sich zur Zeit der Zählung im Zählgebiet aufhalten, abfliegen oder landen. Überfliegende Vögel ohne Gebietsbezug zählen nicht zum Rastbestand.
Wichtigstes Ziel ist die möglichst exakte Erfassung des im Gebiet anwesenden Rastbestandes der zu zählenden Arten. Ein spezieller Aufwand für die Erfassung einzelner Arten ist nicht zu betreiben (z.B. Zwergtaucher im überhängenden Ufergebüsch, Bartmeisen im Schilf). Es wird gezählt, was sichtbar ist oder akustisch wahrgenommen wird. Optional ist die Angabe des Alters, des Geschlechts sowie des Rast-/Nahrungshabitats möglich.
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|| MP_188 || Brutvogelkartierung - jährliche Erfassung in ausgewählten Küstenvogelgebieten
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|| MP_362 || --
#regelmäßige schiffs- und flugzeuggestützte Zählungen entlang von Transekten
#Observerflüge in niedriger Flughöhe (76 m)
#digitale Erfassungsflüge in größeren Flughöhe (> 400 m)
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Visual counting from land in defined sectors and flight counting in off-shore areas are conducted. The observation sector includes an easily demarcated stretch of coastline with the sea. 116 sectors have been selected for regular monitoring in the coastal area. As a rule, all coastal (<2 km) waterbirds are counted. Age is also fixed for swans. Several other parameters such as weather (wind strength, visibility, ice cover %) are also recorded during the observations.
In order to count the wintering waterbirds in off-shore areas, the flights are conducted every 5 years covering the entire Estonian sea area. The number of birds by species per covered counting section during a certain period of time is fixed from counting transects with a defined width. The monitoring is being conducted in the Estonian marine area up to 50 m depth line. All species are counted during the monitoring and their abundance assessed. |
Monitoring is carried out on selected small islands (island groups) and nesting sites of white-tailed eagle (on land up to 20 km from seashore). Breeding pairs, as well as a monitoring-year nest and/or pair or single bird, are used as counting units. All breeding species on the island are registered. The indexes for the assessment of the abundance trend by species are based on whole gathered data from small islands. For assessment of white-tailed eagle productivity their nesting sites are monitored and the number of occupied nests and fledglings are registered. The nests are usually being controlled in late May-early July. The productivity is counted as the mean number of fledglings per occupied nest.
The monitoring on small islands is carried out every year on sites with continuous monitoring and where cormorant, Sandwich tern and Caspian tern colonies are monitored continuously. Other sites are monitored in rotation – at least once per 6-year period. The monitoring of white-tailed eagle nesting sites is done in rotation, and all nests are controlled at least once every 3 years.
Breeding birds monitoring is mainly being conducted in frames of the national monitoring programme. Updated and detailed information on the monitoring plan according to the national monitoring programme is available at https://www.keskkonnaagentuur.ee/eesmargid-tegevused/keskkonnaseire/seireankeedid. |
Waterbird species and abundances are recorded by visual observations every day during the migration period four hours after the sunrise and two hours before the sunset. All waterbirds are counted (swans, geese, ducks, loons, grebes, cormorants, auks), wading birds and seagulls (excluding great black-backed and European herring gulls). If possible, the sex and age composition of flocks are also fixed for counted species groups. The monitoring is mainly project-based and is conducted every 5 years. The counting is performed on the Põõsaspea site in autumn and the Kabli site in spring. |
The main method used for the data collection is counting and aerial surveys are mainly used in this programme. The Estonian marine area up to 50 m water depth is covered by the monitoring and divided to 10 monitoring areas. The visual aerial survey line transect method presents the counting the number of all migratory bird species from moving platform at a certain time period by line transect sections. There is a main bar of a transect with a certain width, and the number of individuals is registered on it. The main bar is also divided into the sections so that detectability of birds could be accounted in distant parts. The main bar and its divisions also allow estimating the density and the total abundance of migratory birds in the monitoring areas as well as compose detailed maps of birds distribution. The primary counting data are collected by a passed distance of the transect section within a certain time period: with 5 sec of aerial survey corresponds to 250 m distance of transect. The distance between counting transects is usually 3 km, but sometimes 6 km distances could be implemented in areas, where low abundancy could be expected, e.g deep-sea areas.
The monitoring is mainly project-based yet and conducted annually with rotation (all monitoring areas are covered once in a five-year period). The need and rationality of carrying out of the ship-based surveys as additional counting method will be specified as the regular monitoring starts. |
The monitoring is carried out twice a year in four designated areas: in spring, usually in April and May, when migratory waterbirds have not left yet, and in autumn, usually in late October or early November, when the autumn migration of birds is ending. In some monitoring areas additional winter and spring observations have also been conducted at the initiative of observers. The number of dead birds is characterized by the density (number of individuals/km).
At certain monitoring area, all dead birds or their remains washed ashore are counted. Residues that are difficult to determine are collected with reference material for later determination.
In addition, dead seals found during the observations are recorded. The main parameters obtained as a result of monitoring are the density of dead waterbirds (individuals/ km) and the proportion of oil-stained waterbirds of all found waterbirds (%).
The monitoring is carried out in frames of the national environmental monitoring programme (Wildlife diversity and landscape monitoring subprogramme, monitoring activity Birds washed ashore). |
Rintala J. 2011. Development of Saaristolintu stocks in Finland from 1986 to 2010. â Live Yearbook 2010: 40-51
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Methods for flight monitoring are agreed upon by Baltic sea countries on HELCOM (HELCOM 2015). Coastal monitoring is carried out by onshore observers. Offshore monitoring is carried out by boat and airplane. |
https://helcom.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Birds-Marine-bird-health.pdf
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Fishermensâ reporting to authorities.
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The sub-programme collects data on mass deaths of seabirds. Information can be obtained from different clubs and other sources of information, in particular public and amateur observations. The aim is to identify the number of mass deaths of seabirds and to identify the causes of death. This is, as a general rule, âpassiveâ monitoring, i.e. information obtained through other activities and monitoring.
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Monitoring of wintering marine birds is performed by aerial surveillance in transects in the whole marine aquatory in the territorial waters of Latvia. Used transects 3 km in shallow zones or every 6 km in deep zones. Monitored parameters - the abundance of species as well as the number and density of individuals identified for each species.
Two types of surveys are used for the population size and annual population variability data.
First full account is intended to assess the size of wintering marine bird populations and primarily are performed together with other HELCOM region states in the years when coordinated inventory takes place in the Baltic sea, but not less than once in a six years.
Second in all other years, so-called index assessment is carried out in order to obtain data on annual variations in populations of wintering water birds. |
The catching of species listed in Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) and Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds (Birds Directive) is prohibited. Whereas species to be monitored under incidental by-catch are listed in table 1D of the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1251 of 12 July 2016 adopting a multiannual Union programme for the collection, management and use of data in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors for the period 2017-2019 and Commission Delegated Decision (EU) 2019/910 of 13 March 2019 establishing the multiannual Union programme for the collection and management of biological, environmental, technical and socioeconomic data in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors (OJ L 145, 4.6.2019, p. 27) prolonging the Commision Decision of 2016 and beeing in force for the period 2020-2021. The minimum conservation reference sizes for the Baltic Sea fish species are set out in Annex VIII to the Regulation 2019/1241.
In accordance with Annex XIII to the Regulation 2019/1241, defined mitigation measures minimizing incidental catches of protected species will be continued as for the repealed Regulation 812/2004. Other mitigation measures not listed in Annex XIII to the current Regulation shall be agreed at the regional level as a part of the regionalization process established on the basis of Common Fisheries Policy. Part A of the Annex applies to cetaceans, while part B to birds. In accordance with Regulation 2019/1241 monitoring of cetacean by-catch shall be established for fishing vessels with an overall length of 15 m or more fishing with bottom-set gillnets (GNS) and pelagic trawls (OTM). Observations on board of fishing vessels will be carried out by appropriately trained MIR-PIB staff that is familiar with the methodology for monitoring of incidental catches of cetaceans.
Observations of catches from midwater pair trawls, bottom trawls and hooks are not obligatory according to Regulation 2019/1241 but are included in the Multiannual Programme for Collection of Fisheries Data (DCF Poland). |
1) Offshore Wintering Marine Birds Survey. Offshore survey dedicated to wintering waterbirds on Baltic open marine waters. 56 line transects. One field visit each year in January. Two observers on two sides of the ship counting all birds using distance sampling and snapshot methodology.
2) Transitional Waters Wintering Waterbird Survey. Mid-January count of all birds occurring in 31 sites covering transitional waters. The study takes place using the generally accepted methodology recommended by Wetland International during the International Waterbird Census. Most of the area is counted from the shore - the observer counts the birds seen along the designated section. Large water bodies such as coastal lagoons are counted using an aircraft, a drone, or a boat. |
Census 3 species Sterna sandvicensis, Phalacrocorax carbo and Calidris alpina in coastal zone. Sterna sandvicensis, Phalacrocorax carbo: all nests are counted in active breeding colonies. Calidris alpina: extincted in Poland, but during the fieldwork observers search for birds in historic breeding sites. Four new species have been added to the monitoring program since 2020: Ringed Plover, Little Tern, Oysterctcher and Shelduck. The methodology consists in monitoring known species siteds and determining number of pairs based on the highest established breeding category. |
All known nests sites in the coastal zone (up to 10km from the coast) are inspected in every breeding season from the ground (early spring) and by climbing the nest tree (active nests in late spring). The monitoring includes the control of 107 known breeding sites of White-tailed Eagle on the Polish Baltic coast in a 10 km wide strip from the shoreline. The main goal of the study is to determine the reproductive parameters of the coastal population of the species.
White-tailed eagle's productivity is described by three indicators:
1) mean number of chicks per pair entering reproduction;
2) mean number of chicks per pair with successful breeding;
3) breeding success - an indicator defining the percentage share of pairs that brood chicks in relation to the number of all pairs with known final hatching effect. |
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Grazing birds |
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Wading birds |
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Surface-feeding birds |
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Pelagic-feeding birds |
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Benthic-feeding birds |
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Small toothed cetaceans |
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Seals |
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Commercially exploited fish and shellfish |
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Coastal ecosystems |
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Shelf ecosystems |
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Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence |
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Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) |
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Input of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition |
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Input of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events |
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Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) |
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Input of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) |
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Coastal defence and flood protection |
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Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables) |
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Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) |
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Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure |
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Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure |
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Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials |
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Spatial scope |
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Marine reporting units |
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Temporal scope (start date - end date) |
1970-9999 |
2008-9999 |
2008-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1980-9999 |
2018-9999 |
1983-9999 |
1995-9999 |
2015-9999 |
1967-9999 |
1957-9999 |
2004-9999 |
2022-9999 |
1992-9999 |
1948-9999 |
1975-9999 |
1972-9999 |
1980-9999 |
1986-9999 |
1971-9999 |
2015-9999 |
1992-9999 |
1992-9999 |
2021-2026 |
2006-9999 |
2011-9999 |
2015-9999 |
2015-9999 |
1939-9999 |
1996-9999 |
1967-9999 |
Monitoring frequency |
Yearly |
Other |
6-yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Continually |
Continually |
Continually |
Other |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Other |
Yearly |
Other |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Continually |
Other |
Continually |
As needed |
3-yearly |
3-yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
3-monthly |
Yearly |
Monitoring type |
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Monitoring method |
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Monitoring method other |
|| MP_183 || |
|| MP_188 || Brutvogelkartierung - nach der Anleitung zur Brutbestandserfassung von Küstenvögeln an der Ostsee, von Gert Graumann, Hans Wolfgang Nehls und Ulrich Köppen (1997), Überarbeitung: Christof Herrmann (2018) |
|| MP_362 || |
Tekniske anvisninger:
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA188_flyVandfugle.pdf
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA187_TraekfugleoptaellingFraLand_v1.pdf |
Tekniske anvisninger:
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA188_flyVandfugle.pdf
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA187_TraekfugleoptaellingFraLand_v1.pdf |
Tekniske anvisninger:
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA188_flyVandfugle.pdf
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA187_TraekfugleoptaellingFraLand_v1.pdf |
Tekniske anvisninger:
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA188_flyVandfugle.pdf
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA187_TraekfugleoptaellingFraLand_v1.pdf |
Link to particular guideline/protocols is not available, but can be accessed on request to DTU Aqua. https://www.aqua.dtu.dk/. |
Er beskrevet på Fiskeristyrelsens hjemmeside.
https://fiskeristyrelsen.dk/ |
Link to particular guideline/protocols is not available, but can be accessed on request to DTU Aqua. https://www.aqua.dtu.dk/. |
There is no separate monitoring for the programme, the administrative data collection is performed and based on information from databases, maps, plans, environmental permits and their reporting and controls, etc. Estonian maritime spatial plan.
The frequency of monitoring depends on activity: from annually to once per the 6-year period. |
The monitoring is based on the method and proposals described by A. Leito in "Väikeste meresaarte haudelindude (merelindude) seire senine kogemus ning ettepanekud ühtse riikliku seireprogrammi rakendamiseks Eestis" ("Experience of monitoring of breeding birds on small maritime islands and proposals for the implementation of the common national monitoring programme in Estonia") in 2008.
Monitoring is carried out on selected small islands (island groups) and nesting sites of white-tailed eagle (on land up to 20 km from seashore). Breeding pairs, as well as a monitoring-year nest and/or pair or single bird, are used as counting units. The number of breeding species on the island Is counted. The indexes for the assessment of the abundance trend are based on whole gathered data from small islands. For assessment of white-tailed eagle productivity, the nesting sites are monitored and the number of occupied nests and fledglings are fixed. The nests are usually being controlled in late May-early July. The productivity is counted as the mean number of fledglings per occupied nest.
The monitoring on small islands is carried out every year on sites with continuous monitoring and where cormorant, Sandwich tern and Caspian tern colonies are monitored continuously, other sites are monitored in rotation – at least once per 6-year period. The monitoring of white-tailed eagle nesting sites is done in rotation, and all nests are controlled at least once every 3 years. |
Waterbird species and abundances are recorded by visual observations every day during the migration period four hours after the sunrise and two hours before the sunset. All waterbirds are counted (swans, geese, ducks, loons, grebes, cormorants, auks), wading birds and seagulls (excluding great black-backed and European herring gulls). If possible, the sex and age composition of flocks are also fixed. The monitoring is mainly project-based and is conducted every 5 years. The counting is performed on the Põõsaspea site in autumn and the Kabli site in spring. |
The visual aerial survey line transect method presents the counting the number of migratory bird species from moving platform at a certain time period by line transect sections. There is the main bar of a transect with a certain width, and the number of individuals is fixed on it. The main bar is also divided into the sections so that detectability of birds could be accounted in distant parts. The main bar and its division also allow estimating the density and the total abundance of migratory birds in the monitoring areas as well as compose detailed maps of birds distribution. The primary counting data are collected by a passed distance of the transect section within a certain time period: with 5 sec of aerial survey corresponds to 250 m distance of transect. The distance between counting transects is usually 3 km, but sometimes 6 km distances could be implemented in areas, where low abundancy could be expected e.g deep-sea areas. |
National (https://www.keskkonnaagentuur.ee/sites/default/files/seiretoo_ankeet_randa_uhutud_linnud_2020.docx; https://kese.envir.ee/kese/downloadReportFile.action?fileUid=12394806&monitoringWorkUid=1207453) and HELCOM/ICES JWGBird Group agreed methods (the monitoring time is not agreed). |
Marine breeding birds abundance and distribution - http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-breeding-birds-abundance-and-distribution/
Currently the whole counting network consists of 45 selected breeding areas situated in the archipelagos along the Finnish coast. About 20-30 of the areas are counted annually, but all areas are counted at least once every third year. |
Koskimies & Väisänen 1991, Hario et al. 1993 & 1995, Lehikoinen et al. 2017 |
https://helcom.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Birds-Marine-bird-health.pdf |
Monitoring - https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery |
Monitoring is based on sightings of general public and ornithologists |
Hunting organizations carry out game questionnaires. Hunting statistics are maintained by the hunting organizations and stored into a database. Data on species requiring special permit is obtained through the licensing system. |
Informaciją apie priegaudą turi pildyti žvejai savo žurnaluose. |
Method described in Monitoring programme, text-based paper report. |
Monitoring described in the programme (paper report,7-11 pages) |
Monitoring under National Programme for Collection of Fisheries Data (NPCFD). |
The HELCOM common monitoring relevant on white-tailed sea eagles is described on a general level in the HELCOM Monitoring Manual in the sub-programme: Marine bird health.
http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
The HELCOM common monitoring relevant on white-tailed sea eagles is described on a general level in the HELCOM Monitoring Manual in the sub-programme: Marine bird health.
http://www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/birds/marine-bird-health |
The collection of huntingstatistics is largely based on feedback from the hunters themselves. For example, decisions on predator control and license hunting often require reporting to the decision-making authority as soon as possible after animals have been shot in connection with the hunt. The compilation of statistics in the database ”Viltdata” is largely based on the hunters voluntarily reporting killed animals to the database. |
Catches and by-catches are monitored with the help of observers who accompany the fishing vessels during commercial fishing. The regular sampling is divided into area, fisheries and quarters. This means that observations are made every quarter from different types of bottom trawls (shrimp trawl, crayfish trawl with grate, trawl without grate). Usually, in the order of 0.5-2% (different for different types of fisheries) of commercial fishing trips are observed. The fishing trips observed are selected at random. Observations of by-catch within the framework of the pilot studies are carried out in the same manner. The observers examine the entire process during which the fishing gear is hauled so that also by-catches that do not follow on board but fall out of the nets can be registered. Furthermore, the observers examine the entire sorting of the catch. The observers then measure and weigh the catch and take samples for biological analysis. Remote surveillance using cameras onboard is being tested during 2020, and may supplement the monitoring in the future. |
"Wintering birds: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1172153/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Breeding birds: https://www.fageltaxering.lu.se/inventera/metoder/kustfagelrutorna/metodik-kustfagelrutor" |
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Quality control |
|| MP_183 || Methode zur Qualtätssicherung aktuell in Entwicklung
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|| MP_188 || Brutvogelkartierung - nach der Anleitung zur Brutbestandserfassung von Küstenvögeln an der Ostsee, von Gert Graumann, Hans Wolfgang Nehls und Ulrich Köppen (1997), Überarbeitung: Christof Herrmann (2018)
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|| MP_362 || Methode zur Qualtätssicherung aktuell in Entwicklung
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I Danmark kvalitetssikres størstedelen af de danske overvågningsdata i den nationale database (VanDa) ved tre kvalitetssikringsniveauer:
1. Elektronisk kontrol – den automatiske kontrol alle indtastninger undergår, når der registreres data i VanDa
2. Faglig kontrol – automatisk/manuel vurdering af data og data serier i VanDa.
3. Fagdatacenter kontrol – manuel vurdering af data og dataserier udført af fagdatacentret.
Hvis data ikke indrapporteres til den nationale database kvalitetssikres data af konsulenten, der udfører overvågningsopgaven, samt MFVM efter metoderne beskrevet i nationale tekniske anvisninger eller internationale guidelines.
|
I Danmark kvalitetssikres størstedelen af de danske overvågningsdata i den nationale database (VanDa) ved tre kvalitetssikringsniveauer:
1. Elektronisk kontrol – den automatiske kontrol alle indtastninger undergår, når der registreres data i VanDa
2. Faglig kontrol – automatisk/manuel vurdering af data og data serier i VanDa.
3. Fagdatacenter kontrol – manuel vurdering af data og dataserier udført af fagdatacentret.
Hvis data ikke indrapporteres til den nationale database kvalitetssikres data af konsulenten, der udfører overvågningsopgaven, samt MFVM efter metoderne beskrevet i nationale tekniske anvisninger eller internationale guidelines.
|
I Danmark kvalitetssikres størstedelen af de danske overvågningsdata i den nationale database (VanDa) ved tre kvalitetssikringsniveauer:
1. Elektronisk kontrol – den automatiske kontrol alle indtastninger undergår, når der registreres data i VanDa
2. Faglig kontrol – automatisk/manuel vurdering af data og data serier i VanDa.
3. Fagdatacenter kontrol – manuel vurdering af data og dataserier udført af fagdatacentret.
Hvis data ikke indrapporteres til den nationale database kvalitetssikres data af konsulenten, der udfører overvågningsopgaven, samt MFVM efter metoderne beskrevet i nationale tekniske anvisninger eller internationale guidelines.
|
I Danmark kvalitetssikres størstedelen af de danske overvågningsdata i den nationale database (VanDa) ved tre kvalitetssikringsniveauer:
1. Elektronisk kontrol – den automatiske kontrol alle indtastninger undergår, når der registreres data i VanDa
2. Faglig kontrol – automatisk/manuel vurdering af data og data serier i VanDa.
3. Fagdatacenter kontrol – manuel vurdering af data og dataserier udført af fagdatacentret.
Hvis data ikke indrapporteres til den nationale database kvalitetssikres data af konsulenten, der udfører overvågningsopgaven, samt MFVM efter metoderne beskrevet i nationale tekniske anvisninger eller internationale guidelines.
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DTU Aqua deltager i internationale arbejdsgrupper omkring kvalitetssikring og ensretning af metoder for indsamling af fiskeriafhængige data. DTU Aqua har ansvar for en fornøden grad af kvalitetssikring, deres projekter.
Alt data indsamlet bliver indtastet og gemt i DTU Aquas databaser.
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Fiskerikontrollen varetager kvalitetssikring af indrapporterede bifangster.
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DTU Aqua deltager i internationale arbejdsgrupper omkring kvalitetssikring og ensretning af de standard moniteringstogter som der gennemføres. Det er altid personale fra DTU Aqua der deltager på togterne og kvalitetssikre data. Alt data indsamlet på togterne bliver indtastet og gemt i DTU Aquas databaser.
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Data quality control systems of relevant data sources. |
National, including data quality control when entering data into the e-Biodiversity (PlutoF) database. Internationally coordinated by Wetlands International, HELCOM/ICES JWGBirdGroup. |
National, ie observations are carried out by professional observers and quality control is performed when entering data into databases. |
National, ie observations are carried out by professional observers and quality control is performed when entering data into databases. |
National and international. Observations are carried out by professional observers. Internationally coordinated by Wetlands International, HELCOM/ICES JWGBirdGroup. |
The observations are conducted by professional observers and data quality control is performed while submitting into the database. Also HELCOM/ICES JWGBirg Group agreed method is used. |
The calculation is based on cavity or other verification of the nesting, so that there are no ambiguous situations at the time of the calculation. For more information, see Hario and Rintala (2011).
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Methods are according to Wetlands International- organizations standards. Methods described in HELCOM instructions (Helcom, 2015) |
Method developed in co-operation with Swedish and German authorities under HELCOM |
Quality control â https://stat.luke.fi/en/commercial-marine-fishery
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No specified quality control. Data comes from various sources, so mass mortalities are most likely reported |
https://stat.luke.fi/tilasto/4428/laatuseloste/4697
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Informaciją apie priegaudą turi pildyti žvejai savo žurnaluose.
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Tyrimų paslaugos perkamos. Tyrimų kokybę siekiama užtikrinti keliant aukštus kvalifikacinius reikalavimus tyrėjams (darbo patirtis, leidimai tokiai veiklai, plačiai taikomų bendrų metodikų naudojimas). Ekspertai dalyvauja ICES/OSPAR/HELCOM JWG BIRD darbo grupių veikloje.
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Tyrimų paslaugos perkamos. Tyrimų kokybę siekiama užtikrinti keliant aukštus kvalifikacinius reikalavimus tyrėjams (darbo patirtis, leidimai tokiai veiklai, plačiai taikomų bendrų metodikų naudojimas). Ekspertai dalyvauja ICES/OSPAR/HELCOM JWG BIRD darbo grupių veikloje.
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QA/QC procedures no
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not relevant
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Two steps: (1) fieldwork organiser keeps sure that fieldwork is going on according to methodological guidelines, (2) national coordinator explore and check the data. |
One step. National coordinator keeps sure that fieldwork is going on according to the methodological standards and is responsible for data validation and results calculation. |
One step. National coordinator keeps sure that fieldwork is going on according to the methodological standards and is responsible for data validation and results calculation. |
In order to assess the reliability of the hunting statistics, the responsible authority can check that the statistics do not deviate in any improbable way. Furthermore, the various reporting requirements and the design of the decisions constitute a quality assurance in itself. |
Sampling takes place through a random selection of ships/voyages. The observers bring with them a manual for determining the species of birds and also photograph captured birds as much as possible. Data is registered in the national database Fiskdata2 according to the updated manual. Data is examined and checked in several respects. Quality assurance includes control reading routines of entered data against protocols, automatic quality control of data within the database and manual quality control of data (identification of outliers). |
The inventories of wintering and breeding seabirds follow a simple and well-documented methodology. Reporting is done via digital protocols that are sent to the Swedish Bird Taxation, which is the project manager for both inventories. Received protocols are checked before they are entered into the database. In case of doubt, they contact the rapporter. Furthermore, entered data is validated through a number of control questions. |
Data management |
The Federal Government/Länder Working Group on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea (BLANO) is currently developing a national data management plan to support, in particular, the reporting and implementation of the MSFD. It takes into account existing target systems, such as the submission of data to ICES (for OSPAR and HELCOM), other EU directives and the provision of services to INSPIRE. To this end, various data management tools, such as a National Marine Catalogue (NMDK) or the coordination of data retention of geospatial, meta and time series data, are foreseen. The data are provided on a decentralised basis or centrally by the Marine Environment Database (MUDAB) by the various federal structures in the coastal Länder, federal and research institutions. However, individual data sets are not yet freely available. INSPIRE-compliant data models/services under development
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Die Bund/Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nord- und Ostsee (BLANO) erarbeitet gerade ein nationales Konzept zum Datenmanagement, um insbesondere die Berichterstattung und Umsetzung der MSRL zu unterstützen. Dabei werden bestehende Zielsysteme, wie die Datenabgabe an den ICES (für OSPAR und HELCOM), weitere EU-Richtlinien und die Bereitstellung von Diensten für INSPIRE berücksichtigt. Hierzu werden verschiedene Instrumente des Datenmanagements, wie ein Nationaler mariner Datenkatalog (NMDK) oder die Koordinierung der Datenhaltung von Geo-, Meta-, sowie Zeitreihendaten vorgesehen. Die Daten werden durch die verschiedenen föderalen Strukturen in den Küstenländern, Bundes- und Forschungseinrichtungen dezentral oder zentral durch die Meeresumweltdatenbank (MUDAB) bereitgestellt. Trotzdem sind einzelne Datenbestände noch nicht frei verfügbar. Daten werden in MultiBaseCS erfasst.
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The Federal Government/Länder Working Group on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea (BLANO) is currently developing a national data management plan to support, in particular, the reporting and implementation of the MSFD. It takes into account existing target systems, such as the submission of data to ICES (for OSPAR and HELCOM), other EU directives and the provision of services to INSPIRE. To this end, various data management tools, such as a National Marine Catalogue (NMDK) or the coordination of data retention of geospatial, meta and time series data, are foreseen. The data are provided on a decentralised basis or centrally by the Marine Environment Database (MUDAB) by the various federal structures in the coastal Länder, federal and research institutions. However, individual data sets are not yet freely available. INSPIRE-compliant data models/services under development
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I Danmark udvikles der lige nu en ny national database, som har til formål at samle og opbevare data fra vandmiljøovervågningen – herunder også overvågningen under havstrategien. Databasen forventes færdigudviklet i første halvår 2021. Efter en kvalitetssikring vil data blive gjort offentligt tilgængelige.
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I Danmark udvikles der lige nu en ny national database, som har til formål at samle og opbevare data fra vandmiljøovervågningen – herunder også overvågningen under havstrategien. Databasen forventes færdigudviklet i første halvår 2021. Efter en kvalitetssikring vil data blive gjort offentligt tilgængelige
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I Danmark udvikles der lige nu en ny national database, som har til formål at samle og opbevare data fra vandmiljøovervågningen – herunder også overvågningen under havstrategien. Databasen forventes færdigudviklet i første halvår 2021. Efter en kvalitetssikring vil data blive gjort offentligt tilgængelige
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I Danmark udvikles der lige nu en ny national database, som har til formål at samle og opbevare data fra vandmiljøovervågningen – herunder også overvågningen under havstrategien. Databasen forventes færdigudviklet i første halvår 2021. Efter en kvalitetssikring vil data blive gjort offentligt tilgængelige.
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The data are compiled from different databases of different institutions. The compilation and collection of data are coordinated by the Marine Environment Department of the Ministry of the Environment. |
Data are annually reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March). Data collection into the regional database for assessment purposes is coordinated by the HELCOM/ICES JWGBird Group. |
Data are annually reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March). Data collection into the regional database for assessment purposes is coordinated by the HELCOM/ICES JWGBird Group. |
The data collected during the monitoring are submitted to the national environmental monitoring database KESE. More detailed data are also available at Põõsaspea monitoring website of Estonian Ornithological Society (https://www.eoy.ee/poosaspea/). |
Data collected during the monitoring are submitted to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March). |
Data and reports are yearly submitted to the national environmental monitoring database KESE. |
Primary data only for researchers.
Results at HELCOM Biodiversity database
Summary of result at HELCOM indicators |
Data stored in Finnish Museum of Natural History database.
Data reported yearly to Wetlands Internationals database.
HELCOM publishes indicator results yearly and publsihed indicator data. |
Primary data stored in Finnish Museum of Natural History. HELCOM publishes indicator data. |
National database:http://www.ely-keskus.fi/web/ely/saalisseuranta.
Summary statisitcs:https://statdb.luke.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/LUKE/LUKE__06 Kala ja riista__02 Rakenne ja tuotanto__02 Kaupallinen kalastus merella/?tablelist
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Mortality data not publicly available
Bird ringing data available online |
Primary data only accessible for researchers
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Informaciją kaupia Lietuvos ornitorogų draugija (http://www.birdlife.lt/), pagal Duomenų rinkimo programą - Žuvininkystės tarnyboje prie Lietuvos Respublikos Žemės ūkio ministerijos (http://zuv.lt/)
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Duomenys kaupiami Gamtos tyrimų centre http://www.gamtostyrimai.lt/en/.
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Duomenys kaupiami Gamtos tyrimų centre http://www.gamtostyrimai.lt/en/. Naudojami vertinant jūros aplinkos būklę pagal Jūrų strategijos pagrindų direktyvą, stebint daugiametes tendencijas. Teikiami HELCOM.
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Data holder is Nature Conservation Agency of Latvia (NCA)
QA/QC on data no.
Data are available in NCA. |
Raw databases are stored on the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection hard disks. |
Raw databases are stored on the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection hard disks. |
Raw databases are stored on the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection hard disks. |
Statistics on killed animals in predator control and license hunting are available from the respective responsible authority and can be made available on request. Statistics on license and general hunting can be found in the Swedish Hunters' Association's database ”Viltdata”. |
A data hosting agreement with Lund University has been developed and work begun in 2019 to make large parts of the data publicly available and downloadable. Data from the winter counts are also available from the international coordinator of seabird inventories - Wetlands International. Data are fully available and can be obtained via contact with Swedish bird taxation via fageltaxering@biol.lu.se. |
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Data access |
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Related indicator/name |
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Contact |
Geschäftsstelle Meeresschutz, geschaeftsstelle-meeresschutz@mu.niedersachsen.de |
Geschäftsstelle Meeresschutz, geschaeftsstelle-meeresschutz@mu.niedersachsen.de |
Geschäftsstelle Meeresschutz, geschaeftsstelle-meeresschutz@mu.niedersachsen.de |
cekan@mst.dk
lotkn@mst.dk |
lotkn@mst.dk |
lotkn@mst.dk |
lotkn@mst.dk |
DTU Aqua
aqua@aqua.dtu.dk
Miljøstyrelsen
lotkn@mst.dk
masjo@mst.dk |
Fiskeristyrelsen
mail@fiskeristyrelsen.dk
Miljøstyrelsen
lotkn@mst.dk
masjo@mst.dk |
DTU Aqua
aqua@aqua.dtu.dk
Miljøstyrelsen
lotkn@mst.dk
masjo@mst.dk |
Estonian Environment Agency, kaur@envir.ee;
Estonian Ornithological Society, eoy@eoy.ee;
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Leho Luigujõe, leho.luigujoe@emu.ee. |
Meelis Leivits, Estonian Environment Agency, meelis.leivits@envir.ee |
Meelis Leivits, Estonian Environment Agency, meelis.leivits@envir.ee |
Estonian Environment Agency, kaur@envir.ee;
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Leho Luigujõe, leho.luigujoe@emu.ee. |
Estonian Environment Agency: Piret Kiristaja, piret.kiristaja@envir.ee; Anastasiia Kovtun-Kante, anastasiia.kovtun-kante@envir.ee; Arthur Kivi, arthur.kivi@envir.ee. |
Nature Conservation Agency of Latvia (NCA) |
Person responsible in Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection: Dorota Łukasik d.lukasik@gios.gov.pl
National coordinator of monitoring programme: Włodzimierz Meissner: wlodzimierz.meissner@ug.edu.pl , and Dominik Marchowski: marchowskid@gmail.com |
A person responsible in Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection: Dorota Łukasik d.lukasik@gios.gov.pl
General coordinator of monitoring program: Tomasz Chodkiewicz tomasz.chodkiewicz@otop.org.pl |
Person responsible in Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection: Dorota Łukasik d.lukasik@gios.gov.pl
National coordinator of monitoring programme: Zdzisław Cenian cenian@wp.pl |
miljoovervakning@havochvatten.se |
miljoovervakning@havochvatten.se |
miljoovervakning@havochvatten.se |
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References |
|| MP_183 || --# #-- |
|| MP_188 || --# https://www.lung.mv-regierung.de/insite/cms/umwelt/natur/artenschutz/as_voegel.htm #-- |
|| MP_362 || --# https://www.bfn.de/themen/meeresnaturschutz/downloads/berichte-zum-monitoring.html #-- |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
Hario, M. & Rintala J. 2011. Saaristolintukantojen kehitys Suomessa 1986 –2010. – Linnut vuosikirja 2010: 40 – 51 |
Hario, M., Lammi, E., Mikkola, M. & Södersved, J. 1993: Ovatko Ahvenanmaan vesilinnut "talvenkärkkyjiä" – kansainvälisten vesilintulaskentojen tuloksia vuosilta 1968-92. – Suomen Riista 39: 21– 32.
Hario, M., Lammi, E., Mikkola, M., Södersved, J. 1995: January counts of waterfowl in SW Finland: the dependence on ice situation. – Ring 15 (1–2): 216 –222.
HELCOM (2015), HELCOM guidelines for coordinated monitoring of wintering birds. 13 s.
Koskimies & Väisänen (1991): Monitoring Bird Populations – A Manual of Methods Applied in Finland. – Zoological Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki.
Lehikoinen, A., Kuntze, K., Lehtiniemi, T. Mikkola-Roos, M. & Toivanen, T. 2017: Suomen keskitalven vesilintukantojen kannanarviot vuonna 2016 - muuttuva Suomi osana kansainvälistä seurantaa. - Linnut vuosikirja 2016:6-15. |
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