Member State report / Art11 / 2020 / D9 / Baltic
| Report type | Member State report to Commission |
| MSFD Article | Art. 11 Monitoring programmes (and Art. 17 updates) |
| Report due | 2020-10-15 |
| GES Descriptor | D9 Contaminants in seafood |
| Region/subregion | Baltic |
Member state |
DK |
EE |
EE |
EE |
FI |
LT |
LV |
PL |
PL |
SE |
SE |
SE |
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Report Access |
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Descriptor |
D9 |
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Monitoring strategy description |
Miljøfarlige stoffer der tilføres havmiljøet kan optages af havets organismer og bioakkumuleres op gennem fødekæden. Stofferne bioakkumuleres, når koncentrationen af stoffet, som optages i organismerne, er større end den koncentration organismerne udskiller. Formålet med overvågningen af forurenende stoffer i fisk og skaldyr til konsumer at tilvejebringe et grundlag for at de forurenende stoffer, der tilføres fisk og skaldyr til konsum, ikke overstiger de niveauer der er fastlagt i fællesskabslovgivningen eller øvrige standarder. Koncentrationen af forurenende stoffer i fisk og skaldyr overvåges gennem to hovedaktiviteter; Fødevarestyrelsens stikprøvekontrol, samt NOVANA-overvågningsprogrammet.
Overvågningsprogrammet har til formål at sikre, at miljøtilstanden, som den er defineret i basisanalysen for Danmarks Havstrategi II, løbende kan følges i de danske havområder. Overvågningsprogrammet og basisanalyserne skal sammen danne grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de indsatsprogrammer, der skal sikre opfyldelse af miljømålene. Overvågningen vil endvidere føre til en vurdering af indsatsprogrammets foranstaltninger i forhold til opnåelse eller opretholdelse af god miljøtilstand. Overvågningsprogrammet er således tilrettelagt for at vurdere fremskridt i forhold til GES, miljømål og indsatser.
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The aim of the monitoring strategy “SD9 – Contaminants in seafood” is to collect data on levels of contaminants in seafood (fishes) from the Estonian marine waters. Based on the gathered data, the safety of the seafood is assessed. The levels of contaminants are analysed in most common fish species for the concentration of the following contaminants: Pb, Cd, Hg, dioxins, PCBs. The monitoring programmes involved are: „Contaminants in seafood“, “Contaminant levels – in species” and “Marine and coastal activities”. The latter aims to collect information on the uses and human activities, potentially causing the contamination of seafood. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy “SD9 – Contaminants in seafood” is to collect data on levels of contaminants in seafood (fishes) from the Estonian marine waters. Based on the gathered data, the safety of the seafood is assessed. The levels of contaminants are analysed in most common fish species for the concentration of the following contaminants: Pb, Cd, Hg, dioxins, PCBs. The monitoring programmes involved are: „Contaminants in seafood“, “Contaminant levels – in species” and “Marine and coastal activities”. The latter aims to collect information on the uses and human activities, potentially causing the contamination of seafood. |
The aim of the monitoring strategy “SD9 – Contaminants in seafood” is to collect data on levels of contaminants in seafood (fishes) from the Estonian marine waters. Based on the gathered data, the safety of the seafood is assessed. The levels of contaminants are analysed in most common fish species for the concentration of the following contaminants: Pb, Cd, Hg, dioxins, PCBs. The monitoring programmes involved are: „Contaminants in seafood“, “Contaminant levels – in species” and “Marine and coastal activities”. The latter aims to collect information on the uses and human activities, potentially causing the contamination of seafood. |
The programme monitors the most important harmful substances contained in fish used for human consumption, herring and perch and once every six years several other fish species. There is only one sub-programme.
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Už teršalų jūros produktuose tyrimus atsakinga Lietuvos Respublikos Valstybinė maisto ir veterinarijos tarnyba (VMVT, https://vmvt.lt/?language=en), tyrimus atlieka Nacionalinis maisto ir veterinarijos rizikos vertinimo institutas (NMVRVI). Didžiausios leistinos teršalų normos žmonėms vartoti skirtose žuvyse ir kituose jūros maisto produktuose koncentracijos nustatytos Europos Komisijos reglamentu (EB) Nr. 1881/2006, su pakeitimais Komisijos reglamente (ES) Nr. 1259/2011. Lietuvos jūros rajone pagautose žuvyse tiriami švinas, kadmis, gyvsidabris, dioksinų koncentracija (raumenyse), dioksinų ir dioksinų tipo PCB koncentracija (raumenyse ir kepenyse), ne dioksinų tipo PCB koncentracija (raumenyse ir kepenyse).
Renkamų duomenų pagrindu vertinamas D9 deskriptoriaus rodiklis: Teršiančios medžiagos maiste.
Taršos pavojingomis medžiagos šaltinių analizei naudojamos atskirų tyrimų studijų rezultatai, ūkio subjektų teršiančių medžiagų nuotekose ir poveikio aplinkai monitoringo ataskaitos, valstybinės ūkio subjektų nuotekų kontrolės duomenys. Teršiančių medžiagų (sunkieji metalai, naftos produktai) apkrovos su upėmis skaičiuojamos remiantis Valstybinio upių monitoringo upių žiotyse duomenimis, duomenys teikiami HELCOM.
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The implemented program follows EU regulation 1881/2006. |
The goal of the Strategy is to achieve the status of the marine environment in which contaminants in fish and other seafood for human consumption do not exceed levels established by Union legislation or other relevant standards. The strategy concerns the monitoring of the level of hazardous substances in fish exploited commercially. The strategy includes research in the range of concentrations of selected substances in samples collected systematically at selected stations and locations with the assumed frequency. The choice of substances to be monitored results from the current legislation and the analysis of current pressures. Both the network of stations / locations and the frequency are adjusted to the specificity of the substances of concern - indicators. The strategy takes into account regional arrangements (cooperation within HELCOM), both in terms of the assessed indicators, as well as spatial and temporal resolution guaranteeing the obtaining of results that can be the basis for holistic assessment in the entire Baltic Sea area. The strategy concerns monitoring investigations, which are primarily to provide information on the current status of the marine environment. The assessment of the status of the environment in terms of the indicators is carried out by relating the current concentrations of the hazardous substance to the threshold values set at European, regional or national level. The information obtained is the basis for tracking changes taking place in the environment, mainly as a result of the measures taken, which are determined on the basis of the analysis of the current situation, properties typical for good environmental status and environmental targets. |
The goal of the Strategy is to achieve the status of the marine environment in which contaminants in fish and other seafood for human consumption do not exceed levels established by Union legislation or other relevant standards. The strategy concerns the monitoring of the level of hazardous substances in fish exploited commercially. The strategy includes research in the range of concentrations of selected substances in samples collected systematically at selected stations and locations with the assumed frequency. The choice of substances to be monitored results from the current legislation and the analysis of current pressures. Both the network of stations / locations and the frequency are adjusted to the specificity of the substances of concern - indicators. The strategy takes into account regional arrangements (cooperation within HELCOM), both in terms of the assessed indicators, as well as spatial and temporal resolution guaranteeing the obtaining of results that can be the basis for holistic assessment in the entire Baltic Sea area. The strategy concerns monitoring investigations, which are primarily to provide information on the current status of the marine environment. The assessment of the status of the environment in terms of the indicators is carried out by relating the current concentrations of the hazardous substance to the threshold values set at European, regional or national level. The information obtained is the basis for tracking changes taking place in the environment, mainly as a result of the measures taken, which are determined on the basis of the analysis of the current situation, properties typical for good environmental status and environmental targets. |
According to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 on the establishment of maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Sweden is required to monitor concentrations of such substances in foodstuffs from the sea which are likely to cause harm by consumption. Based on the Swedish Food Agency's risk assessment based on the concentrations of substances in the environment and human consumption habits, only dioxins and PCBs in fatty fish from the Baltic Sea pose a risk of impact on humans. These are thus included in the ongoing food control, but through the ongoing monitoring of hazardous substances in biota (fish and mussels) for D8, a basis is also provided for a monitoring of foodstuff for other substances and in other areas. The purpose of the monitoring is thus to produce a basis for assessment, consumption advice and control activities regarding hazardous substances in food from the sea, in relation to established threshold values for consumption. Monitoring of inputs and activities that cause the inputs of hazardous substances is included in the monitoring strategy for Hazardous Substances (D8) through the monitoring programs concerning the inputs of pollutants from land and atmosphere and oil spills. |
According to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 on the establishment of maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Sweden is required to monitor concentrations of such substances in foodstuffs from the sea which are likely to cause harm by consumption. Based on the Swedish Food Agency's risk assessment based on the concentrations of substances in the environment and human consumption habits, only dioxins and PCBs in fatty fish from the Baltic Sea pose a risk of impact on humans. These are thus included in the ongoing food control, but through the ongoing monitoring of hazardous substances in biota (fish and mussels) for D8, a basis is also provided for a monitoring of foodstuff for other substances and in other areas. The purpose of the monitoring is thus to produce a basis for assessment, consumption advice and control activities regarding hazardous substances in food from the sea, in relation to established threshold values for consumption. Monitoring of inputs and activities that cause the inputs of hazardous substances is included in the monitoring strategy for Hazardous Substances (D8) through the monitoring programs concerning the inputs of pollutants from land and atmosphere and oil spills. |
According to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 on the establishment of maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Sweden is required to monitor concentrations of such substances in foodstuffs from the sea which are likely to cause harm by consumption. Based on the Swedish Food Agency's risk assessment based on the concentrations of substances in the environment and human consumption habits, only dioxins and PCBs in fatty fish from the Baltic Sea pose a risk of impact on humans. These are thus included in the ongoing food control, but through the ongoing monitoring of hazardous substances in biota (fish and mussels) for D8, a basis is also provided for a monitoring of foodstuff for other substances and in other areas. The purpose of the monitoring is thus to produce a basis for assessment, consumption advice and control activities regarding hazardous substances in food from the sea, in relation to established threshold values for consumption. Monitoring of inputs and activities that cause the inputs of hazardous substances is included in the monitoring strategy for Hazardous Substances (D8) through the monitoring programs concerning the inputs of pollutants from land and atmosphere and oil spills. |
Coverage of GES criteria |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Gaps and plans |
Overvågningsprogrammet er tilstrækkeligt.
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Data are collected within different projects as results of current analyses show that there is no exceedance of the standard set for most contaminants, except dioxins. Regular annual seafood safety monitoring is required for substances that exceed the threshold values as dioxins in fish species. |
Data are collected within different projects as results of current analyses show that there is no exceedance of the standard set for most contaminants, except dioxins. Regular annual seafood safety monitoring is required for substances that exceed the threshold values as dioxins in fish species. |
Data are collected within different projects as results of current analyses show that there is no exceedance of the standard set for most contaminants, except dioxins. Regular annual seafood safety monitoring is required for substances that exceed the threshold values as dioxins in fish species. |
No gaps.
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Už teršalų jūros produktuose tyrimus atsakinga Lietuvos Respublikos Valstybinė maisto ir veterinarijos tarnyba (VMVT, https://vmvt.lt/?language=en), tyrimus atlieka Nacionalinis maisto ir veterinarijos rizikos vertinimo institutas (NMVRVI). Didžiausios leistinos teršalų normos žmonėms vartoti skirtose žuvyse ir kituose jūros maisto produktuose koncentracijos nustatytos Europos Komisijos reglamentu (EB) Nr. 1881/2006, su pakeitimais Komisijos reglamente (ES) Nr. 1259/2011. Lietuvos jūros rajone pagautose žuvyse tiriami švinas, kadmis, gyvsidabris, dioksinų koncentracija (raumenyse), dioksinų ir dioksinų tipo PCB koncentracija (raumenyse ir kepenyse), ne dioksinų tipo PCB koncentracija (raumenyse ir kepenyse).
Renkamų duomenų pagrindu vertinamas D9 deskriptoriaus rodiklis: Teršiančios medžiagos maiste.
Taršos pavojingomis medžiagos šaltinių analizei naudojamos atskirų tyrimų studijų rezultatai, ūkio subjektų teršiančių medžiagų nuotekose ir poveikio aplinkai monitoringo ataskaitos, valstybinės ūkio subjektų nuotekų kontrolės duomenys. Teršiančių medžiagų (sunkieji metalai, naftos produktai) apkrovos su upėmis skaičiuojamos remiantis Valstybinio upių monitoringo upių žiotyse duomenimis, duomenys teikiami HELCOM.
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None
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There are not gaps identified.
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There are not gaps identified.
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"Based on the Swedish Food Agency's survey of hazardous substances in fish and other marine foods from the North Sea, which shows concentrations below current thresholds, the agency has made a risk assessment and assessed that regular monitoring under the food legislation of hazardous substances in fish and other marine foods from the North Sea is not necessary. Oily fish from the Baltic Sea, on the other hand, are regularly monitored with regard to the risk assessment. Sweden therefore consider that the current control program meet the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006.
To support the Swedish Food Agency's risk assessment, data from the ongoing monitoring of hazardous substances in biota (D8) throughout Sweden's sea area is also used. Concentrations of hazardous substances are not always measured in the same animal species or organ tissues for which the thresholds are set, but by conversion factors the concentrations can be converted to levels of hazardous substances according to descriptor 9 (measured in fish muscle in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006).
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"Based on the Swedish Food Agency's survey of hazardous substances in fish and other marine foods from the North Sea, which shows concentrations below current thresholds, the agency has made a risk assessment and assessed that regular monitoring under the food legislation of hazardous substances in fish and other marine foods from the North Sea is not necessary. Oily fish from the Baltic Sea, on the other hand, are regularly monitored with regard to the risk assessment. Sweden therefore consider that the current control program meet the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006.
To support the Swedish Food Agency's risk assessment, data from the ongoing monitoring of hazardous substances in biota (D8) throughout Sweden's sea area is also used. Concentrations of hazardous substances are not always measured in the same animal species or organ tissues for which the thresholds are set, but by conversion factors the concentrations can be converted to levels of hazardous substances according to descriptor 9 (measured in fish muscle in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006).
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"Based on the Swedish Food Agency's survey of hazardous substances in fish and other marine foods from the North Sea, which shows concentrations below current thresholds, the agency has made a risk assessment and assessed that regular monitoring under the food legislation of hazardous substances in fish and other marine foods from the North Sea is not necessary. Oily fish from the Baltic Sea, on the other hand, are regularly monitored with regard to the risk assessment. Sweden therefore consider that the current control program meet the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006.
To support the Swedish Food Agency's risk assessment, data from the ongoing monitoring of hazardous substances in biota (D8) throughout Sweden's sea area is also used. Concentrations of hazardous substances are not always measured in the same animal species or organ tissues for which the thresholds are set, but by conversion factors the concentrations can be converted to levels of hazardous substances according to descriptor 9 (measured in fish muscle in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006).
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Related targets |
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Coverage of targets |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Related measures |
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Coverage of measures |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring is in place by July 2020 |
Adequate monitoring was in place by 2018 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
Adequate monitoring was in place in 2014 |
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Related monitoring programmes |
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Programme code |
DK-D09-01 |
BALEE-D00-40_MarineAndCoastalActivities |
BALEE-D0809-29_ContaminantBiota |
BALEE-D09-32_ContaminantSeafood |
BALFI-D09-1 |
BALLT-D09_ContaminantSeafood |
LV-4.9.1. (D9C1) |
PL-D08-01 |
PL-D08-01 |
SE-D8D9-biota |
SE-D9-musselcontrol |
SE-D9-seafood |
Programme name |
Contaminant levels - in species, including seafood |
Marine and coastal activities |
Contaminant levels – in species |
Contaminant levels – in seafood |
Contaminant levels in seafood |
BALLT-D09_ContaminantSeafood |
Contaminant levels in seafood |
Contaminant levels - in species, including seafood |
Contaminant levels - in species, including seafood |
Contaminant levels - in biota |
Microbial pathogen levels - in biota (seafood) |
Contaminant levels - in seafood |
Update type |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
Modified from 2014 |
New programme |
Same programme as in 2014 |
Same programme as in 2014 |
New programme |
New programme |
New programme |
Modified from 2014 |
New programme |
Modified from 2014 |
Old programme codes |
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Programme description |
Fødevarestyrelsen kontrollerer og analyserer indholdet af forurenende stoffer i spisefisk og skaldyr efter en EU forordning. Heri er der beskrevet grænseværdier for bl.a. bly, cadmium, kviksølv, dioxin og PCB i fisk, som er relevant for havstrategiens overvågning. Koncentrationen af de relevante stoffer måles typisk i dyrenes fedtvæv eller muskelkød. Fødevarestyrelsen fører desuden løbende kontrol med koncentrationer af dioxiner og PCB i Østersøregionen efter en henstilling om øget overvågning og forvaltning for disse stoffer i fisk og fiskevarer. Ud over Fødevarestyrelsens stikprøvekontrol gennemføres der under NOVANA en supplerende over-vågningen af benz(a)pyren i blåmuslinger. Ydermere overvåges de danske emissionsudledninger, herunder dioxinudledninger, gennem det nationale luftprogram. De danske emissionsopgørelser uploades hvert år til EU's database Eionet af Aarhus Universitet og indrapporteres hvert 4 år.
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The aim of the monitoring programme is to collect data on human activities that directly or indirectly impact the marine environment. The monitored human activities are those listed in the MSFD Annex III Table 2b (2017/845/EC) and relevant for point (c) of Article 8(1), and Articles 10 and 13. The following activities are covered: Coastal defence and flood protection; Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables); Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials; Extraction of minerals; Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure; Extraction of water; Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure; Transmission of electricity and communications (cables); Fish harvesting (professional, recreational); Fish and shellfish processing; Marine plant harvesting; Hunting and collecting for other purposes; Aquaculture — marine, including infrastructure; Transport infrastructure; Transport — shipping; Waste treatment and disposal; Tourism and leisure infrastructure; Tourism and leisure activities; Military operations and Research, survey and educational activities. Data are gathered at least once during a six-year assessment period, but in some cases also annually. The system of such data collection activities is still under development.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Activities extracting living resources (fisheries including recreational, marine plant harvesting, hunting and collecting); Activities extracting non-living resources (sand, gravel, dredging); Activities producing food (aquaculture); Activities with permanent infrastructures (e.g. renewable energy, oil & gas, ports) or structural changes (e.g. coastal defences); Sea-based mobile activities (shipping, boating); Coastal human activities (e.g. tourism, recreational sports, ecotourism).
The programme is the further development of the programme presented in 2014. The code of the programme also changed. |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the concentrations of contaminants in biota. It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD8 – Contaminants” and is related to GES Descriptor D8, Criterion D8C1. The pressure levels in the environment and the contamination of the species are assessed for the Estonian waters, both the coastal and the off-shore areas (HELCOM sub-divisions). Fish samples (perch in coastal waters and herring in open sea areas, either muscle or liver, depending on the substance) are analysed for the following harmful substances: PAHs, PBDEs and BDE209, DEHPs, HCHs, phenols, metals (Hg, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ba, Cr, As, Sn), TBT, pesticides, chlorobenzenes, PFOS, dioxins and dl-PCBs, HBCDDs, hydrocarbons (C10-C40). PAHs in coastal waters are monitored from Mytilus trossulus Gould. The programme is regionally coordinated via HELCOM, but also by EU WFD chemical monitoring guidelines. The data are yearly reported to the environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March), HELCOM ICES database (by 1 September) and European Environment Agency Eionet database.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Contaminant levels - in species, including seafood.
The programme has been modified since 2014: the list of monitoring substances was updated and sampling is performed from different matrixes. Food safety monitoring is no longer a part of the programme: the new separate programme was created (Contaminant level - in seafood). |
The aim of the programme is to monitor the concentrations of contaminants in seafood (fishes in Estonian case). It provides data to monitoring strategy “SD9 – Contaminants in seafood” and is related to GES Descriptor D9, Criterion D9C1. The pressure levels in the environment and the contamination of the seafood for human consumption are assessed for the Estonian waters, both the coastal and the off-shore areas (ICES divisions). Fish samples are analysed for the following harmful substances: Pb, Cd, Hg, dioxins, PCBs. The program is coordinated on the EU level (EU food safety regulations) and relevant guidelines are followed. Not regionally coordinated by HELCOM.
Food safety monitoring was a part of the programme "Contaminant level - in biota" in 2014, but a new separate programme was created in 2020 update.
The programme corresponds to the following monitoring programmes in the indicative list: Contaminant levels - in species, including seafood. |
Program describes level of contaminants in species that are commonly used as food. Aim is to monitor food safety and ensure that actions taken to improve food safety are sufficient |
Didžiausios leistinos teršalų normos žmonėms vartoti skirtose žuvyse ir kituose jūros maisto produktuose koncentracijos nustatytos Europos Komisijos reglamentu (EB) Nr. 1881/2006, su pakeitimais Komisijos reglamente (ES) Nr. 1259/2011. Už teršalų jūros produktuose tyrimus atsakinga Lietuvos Respublikos Valstybinė maisto ir veterinarijos tarnyba (VMVT), tyrimus atlieka Nacionalinis maisto ir veterinarijos rizikos vertinimo institutas (NMVRVI). Žuvyse tiriama: dioksinų suma, dioksinų ir dioksinų tipo PCB suma, ne dioksinų tipo PCB suma, švinas, gyvsidabris ir kadmis. (http://vmvt.lt/en/)
Duomenys naudojami BAL-LT-MS-01 rajono būklei pagal D9 vertinti. Renkamų duomenų pagrindu vertinamas D9 rodiklis: Teršiančios medžiagos maiste.
Duomenys kaupiami Valstybinėje maisto ir veterinarijos tarnyboje https://vmvt.lt/?language=en.
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The purpose of the monitoring is to assess the ecological status of the Baltic Sea including one of the environmental status components pollution determining the concentration of hazardous substances in marine products intended for human consumption.
Currently, there is no monitoring programme for contaminants in seafood. However, monitoring of contaminants in biota has been conducted in HELCOM monitoring programmes, which also include species that are used for food consumption (European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) see sub-programme LV-4.8.1). There are European regulations for sampling and analysing contaminants in food Commission Regulation EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. The requirements for the marine waters of Latvia and the relationship of the specified environmental objectives with the qualitative characteristics characterizing the state of the marine environment are included in Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Republic of Latvia No. 1071 of 23 November 2010, Requirements for the Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, the Determination of Good Environmental State of the Sea and Development of Marine Environmental Goals. |
The programme of contaminant levels in organisms, including commercially exploited species, covers research on fish collected once a year during the summer season from 7 locations: Władysławowo fishery, Kolobrzeg – Darłowo fishery, Gdańsk Basin, Pomeranian Bay, Szczecin Lagoon, Vistula lagoon and Central Coast, studies of mussels collected once a year during summer at one location in the Sopot area and studies of macrophytes collected from 4 locations: Orłowski Cliff, Jama Kuźnicka, Słupsk Bank, Rowy. In fish muscle tissue polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane, perfluorooctane sulphonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, organotin compounds, organochlorine pesticides, mercury, arsenic and 137Cs are analysed. In fish liver lead, cadmium, zinc i copper are analysed. In fish bile polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolites are analysed. In mussel soft tissue polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane, perfluorooctane sulphonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, organotin compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc and copper are analysed. In macrophyte tissue lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, copper 137Cs are analysed. The programme also covers analysis of arsenic in fish as a possible indicator of pollution with chemical warfare agents. Arsenic is analysed in fish muscle tissue collected from 4 locations of the deep sea area.
Data on dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls are collected within dioxin monitoring conducted under National Control Programme of dioxins (PCDD), furans (PCDF), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCB) in animal food products supervised by General Veterinary Inspectorate. Monitoring assumes the assimilation of data from WFD monitoring. |
The programme of contaminant levels in organisms, including commercially exploited species, covers research on fish collected once a year during the summer season from 7 locations: Władysławowo fishery, Kolobrzeg – Darłowo fishery, Gdańsk Basin, Pomeranian Bay, Szczecin Lagoon, Vistula lagoon and Central Coast, studies of mussels collected once a year during summer at one location in the Sopot area and studies of macrophytes collected from 4 locations: Orłowski Cliff, Jama Kuźnicka, Słupsk Bank, Rowy. In fish muscle tissue polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane, perfluorooctane sulphonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, organotin compounds, organochlorine pesticides, mercury, arsenic and 137Cs are analysed. In fish liver lead, cadmium, zinc i copper are analysed. In fish bile polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolites are analysed. In mussel soft tissue polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane, perfluorooctane sulphonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, organotin compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc and copper are analysed. In macrophyte tissue lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, copper 137Cs are analysed. The programme also covers analysis of arsenic in fish as a possible indicator of pollution with chemical warfare agents. Arsenic is analysed in fish muscle tissue collected from 4 locations of the deep sea area.
Data on dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls are collected within dioxin monitoring conducted under National Control Programme of dioxins (PCDD), furans (PCDF), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCB) in animal food products supervised by General Veterinary Inspectorate. Monitoring assumes the assimilation of data from WFD monitoring. |
Examples of animals that ingest hazardous substances are mussels, fish and seabirds. By measuring concentrations of hazardous substances in samples from these animals, the contaminant load in a sea basin can be reflected. The purpose of the national monitoring is to monitor how the levels of a number of hazardous substances vary over time at selected stations and between stations in reference areas (areas unaffected by local sources) in order to monitor the effects of bans and restrictions on emissions and to generate representative reference values for regional and local hazardous substances studies. Parts of the material collected are saved in the Swedish Museum of Natural History's environmental specimen bank for future retrospective analyzes of currently both known and unknown substances.
When analyzing mussels, perch and eelpout, which are stationary species, the hazardous substances load is reflected in a smaller, delimited area, while the analyzes of cod and herring, which move over larger areas, better reflect the general load in a larger area.
With the national monitoring, we aim to monitor large-scale changes and diffuse impacts, for example via long-distance transport, and consequently the sampling stations are located so that they are as far as possible unaffected by local emissions. This makes the results suitable for use as reference sites for the local monitoring. The local monitoring is carried out in more affected areas adjacent to cities, ports, industries, sewage treatment plants or estuaries.
The monitoring started in 1968 in the Baltic Sea and in 1979 in the North Sea.
An extra collection of mussels also takes place approximately every five years in a reference network along large parts of Sweden's coast that enables analysis of oil-related substances before and after a discharge. |
The purpose of the monitoring is to check before harvest in aquacultures that the mussels and oysters are safe to eat with regard to algal toxins and pathogens. At present, algal toxins and the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) are measured. E. coli acts as an indicator of possible contamination of pathogens. E. coli is normally found in the faeces of humans but also in other warm-blooded animals, but should not normally be found in the sea. High levels of E. coli in mussels are thus a sign that the water is polluted, and then there is a risk that there may also be other bacteria or viruses in the mussels that can be harmful to humans. If the levels rise above the limit values, the current production area in the sea will be closed and harvesting may not take place until the mussels in the area no longer contain levels that exceed the current limit values. The control programme complies with EU regulations and control must be carried out in a similar way in all Member States. |
Organic pollutants in the marine environment can be absorbed into organisms and stored in adipose tissue. There is therefore a risk that hazardous substances are accumulated in fish, especially in oily fish. Dioxin and PCBs are mainly found in oily fish such as herring, wild salmon and trout from the Baltic Sea. To monitor levels of hazardous substances, fish intended for human consumption are sampled annually in a national control programme. The purpose of the monitoring is to obtain a basis for assessing the levels of dioxins and PCBs in different fish species from different areas of the Baltic Sea in relation to the applicable limit values regulated by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 laying down maximum levels for certain contaminants in food. Furthermore, the control programme aims to provide a basis for the National Food Agancy's Consumer recommendations.
In addition to food control, monitoring of hazardous substances in biota is also carried out, which includes more species and substances and also covers the North Sea. These data complement the food control and provide a basis for the risk assessment that underlies the design of the food control. |
Monitoring purpose |
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Other policies and conventions |
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Regional cooperation - coordinating body |
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Regional cooperation - countries involved |
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Regional cooperation - implementation level |
Agreed data collection methods |
Coordinated data collection |
Common monitoring strategy |
Agreed data collection methods |
Agreed data collection methods |
Coordinated data collection |
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Monitoring details |
Sampling material (fish) is collected from commercial trawling and scientific fish monitoring and the biological analyse is performed (length, weight, age, sex and gonadal maturity). For chemical analyses as uniform as possible in age, size, sex and sexual maturity specimens are chosen. Chemical analyses should be performed in 3-5 replicates for each chemical class, therefore pooled fish samples are used to make up a sample large enough to provide sufficient material for analysis.
The target species for monitoring of contaminants in biota are perch (Perca fluviatilis) in coastal waters and herring (Clupea harengus) in territorial waters and off-shore areas. Samples are taken from female 10-15 perch specimens caught in July-September and female 12-15 herring specimens caught in August-September. Depending on substances that will be analysed, both liver samples (metals, excl. Hg) and muscle tissue (dorso-lateral muscle) samples are made. Although fish is predominantly used for monitoring, PAHs (excl anthracene, naphthalene, fluoranthene) should be determined separately from molluscs - Mytilus trossulus Gould, soft body is used for sample. Pooled sample should be made to provide sufficient material for analysis, which makes ca 100 specimens per sample. Adult specimens (70-90% of the maximum size) are collected. If there are not enough mussels in the coastal water body to collect a representative sample, or if sampling proves to be too expensive, the molluscs samples are replaced by fish samples and analyses are performed from fish muscle tissue.
Monitoring is carried out in frames of national marine monitoring - hazardous substances, which contributes to WFD RBMP and programme of measures. In addition, the data on contaminants concentration and impact in biota are gathered from different project-based studies that are ordered by the Ministry of the Environment. |
Of the seafood, the most widely consumed fish in Estonia is analysed at the request of the Veterinary and Food Board. Additional studies on the content of contaminants in seafood are being carried out on a project basis. The monitoring is performed from herring, sprat, flounder, pikeperch, salmon, perch and river lamprey specimens at least once in the 6-year period, dioxins and PCBs should be preferably monitored annually. |
Sampling and determination of contaminants is performed according to the laboratory control programmes set by Latvian Food and Veterinary Service.
For the analysis of contaminants once in a year 20 selected food products containing fish caught in the Baltic Sea and in the Gulf of Riga as well as samples of chilled and frozen fish (8 herring and sprat an 1 salmon) from the businesses involved in the food chain are tested and evaluated according to the safety criteria set out in Commission Regulation No 1881/2006 for maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. In food product samples content of Cd, Hg and Pb is tested and in fish samples content of dioxins, dioxin like and non-dioxin like PCB compounds. |
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Input of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition |
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Input of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events |
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Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) |
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Input of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) |
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Contaminants - non UPBT substances |
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Contaminants - UPBT substances |
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Contaminants – in seafood |
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Coastal defence and flood protection |
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Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables) |
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Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) |
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Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure |
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Extraction of water |
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Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure |
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Transmission of electricity and communications (cables) |
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Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational) |
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Marine plant harvesting |
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Hunting and collecting for other purposes |
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Aquaculture – marine, including infrastructure |
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Transport infrastructure |
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Transport – shipping |
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Waste treatment and disposal |
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Tourism and leisure infrastructure |
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Tourism and leisure activities |
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Military operations (subject to Article 2(2)) |
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Research, survey and educational activities |
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Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials |
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Adverse effects on species or habitats |
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Spatial scope |
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Marine reporting units |
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Temporal scope (start date - end date) |
1998-9999 |
2015-9999 |
1994-9999 |
2002-9999 |
1979-9999 |
2007-9999 |
2021-2026 |
1998 |
1998 |
1968-9999 |
2001-9999 |
2003-9999 |
Monitoring frequency |
Yearly |
Other |
Yearly |
Other |
Yearly |
As needed |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
Yearly |
2-weekly |
Yearly |
Monitoring type |
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Monitoring method |
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Monitoring method other |
https://bios.au.dk/fileadmin/bioscience/Fagdatacentre/MarintFagdatacenter/TekniskeAnvisninger2011_2015/TA_M22_Miljoefarlige_stoffer_i_muslinger_ver2.pdf |
There is no separate monitoring for the programme, the administrative data collection is performed and based on information from databases, maps, plans, environmental permits and their reporting and controls, etc. Estonian maritime spatial plan.
The frequency of monitoring depends on activity: from annually to once per the 6-year period. |
The sampling and analysis methods used in food safety monitoring are regulated by EU regulations, which are directly applicable to countries:
EC Regulation (EC) 333/2007 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, inorganic tin, 3-MCPD and benzo(a)pyrene in foodstuffs;
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the control of levels of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs;
Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed. |
Europos komisijos reglamentas EB Nr. 1881/2006 |
Testing of selected fish and fish product samples (details see in "Monitoring Details") |
"https://www.havochvatten.se/hav/vagledning--lagar/vagledningar/ovriga-vagledningar/undersokningstyper-for-miljoovervakning/undersokningstyper/metaller-och-organiska-miljogifter-i-blamussla.html
https://www.havochvatten.se/hav/vagledning--lagar/vagledningar/ovriga-vagledningar/undersokningstyper-for-miljoovervakning/undersokningstyper/metaller-och-organiska-miljogifter-i-fisk.html
https://www.havochvatten.se/hav/vagledning--lagar/vagledningar/ovriga-vagledningar/undersokningstyper-for-miljoovervakning/undersokningstyper/metaller-och-organiska-miljogifter-i-agg-av-sillgrissla.html" |
The sampling of mussels and oysters for analysis of bacteria takes place at fixed stations in a production area. Other sampling is randomized. Sampling is performed by samplers and takes place according to the National Food Administration's special instructions. The instructions contain, among other things, information on how many mussels must be collected and at what water depth the collection is to take place. Sampling takes place at three water depths for cultivated mussels because the levels of bacteria and toxins can differ at different depths. In the case of wild mussels, the sampling is spread around the sampling point. The control does not take place in the same way for all species but is adapted to differences between the species. For example, some species absorb more algal toxins than others.
Personnel who want to harvest mussels or oysters in a production area contact the National Food Administration and announce that they wish to have sampling carried out in the specific production area. The personnel carry out the largest proportion of the sampling themselves, but sample handling and handling of analysis results are done by the National Food Administration. Sampling must last for at least two weeks with an approved result before the area can be opened and harvested. Sampling continues as long as the harvest takes place.
Sampling of phytoplankton for quantitative analysis is done with a hose from the surface down to a depth of 10 meters or shallower if the depth is less than 12 m. In addition, sampling is done with a net (10 µm mesh size) for the same depth range. Secchi depth is also measured in the surface water during sampling.
Analysis of levels of toxins in mussels and oysters is done using chemical methods. Bacteria are analyzed by culture. Algae samples are analyzed using an inverted microscope according to the Utermöhl method 1958 (modified and accredited) and with the so-called Calcofluor method (Andersen 2010). |
lagar/vagledningar/ovriga-vagledningar/undersokningstyper-for-miljoovervakning/undersokningstyper/metaller-och-organiska-miljogifter-i-blamussla.html
https://www.havochvatten.se/hav/vagledning--lagar/vagledningar/ovriga-vagledningar/undersokningstyper-for-miljoovervakning/undersokningstyper/metaller-och-organiska-miljogifter-i-fisk.html
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SV/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R0644&from=EN |
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Quality control |
I Danmark kvalitetssikres størstedelen af de danske overvågningsdata i den nationale database (VanDa) ved tre kvalitetssikringsniveauer:
1. Elektronisk kontrol – den automatiske kontrol alle indtastninger undergår, når der registreres data i VanDa
2. Faglig kontrol – automatisk/manuel vurdering af data og data serier i VanDa.
3. Fagdatacenter kontrol – manuel vurdering af data og dataserier udført af fagdatacentret.
Hvis data ikke indrapporteres til den nationale database kvalitetssikres data af konsulenten, der udfører overvågningsopgaven, samt MFVM efter metoderne beskrevet i nationale tekniske anvisninger eller internationale guidelines.
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Data quality control systems of relevant data sources. |
The quality is assured by filling of general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories according to ISO/IEC 17025 and following the guidance documents and national regulations' requirements. Supplementary data analysed (biological data, lipid wight etc.) provides data normalisation. |
The quality is assured by following the regulations' requirements. Laboratory methods of analysis must be accredited in accordance with EN ISO / IEC-17025. When the data are being uploaded to the database, QA/QC controls are performed. |
Sampling, preparations and analyzes follows participating organisations quality control standards. For analyzes, use of accredited laboratories are preferred. |
Duomenų kokybei užtikrinti vykdomi palyginamieji tyrimai, braižomos kontrolinės diagramos.
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Description of QA/QC procedures - no
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According to HELCOM recommendations and internal procedures, including the application of the requirements of the standard: ISO / IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories |
According to HELCOM recommendations and internal procedures, including the application of the requirements of the standard: ISO / IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories |
Quality checks are carried out continuously and extra checks are made when changing equipment or standard solutions, etc. The analysis quality at the analysis laboratory is monitored by analyzing control samples and entering the results in control charts. The control samples consist of a sample from a very large homogenate (which is therefore sufficient for a long time) of comparable tissue that is always included in the analysis of new material. When changing the analysis method or laboratory, extensive parallel analyzes take place. Suspected analysis errors have been the subject of special analysis efforts. The chemical analyzes are performed by Swedac-accredited laboratories and authorities with long experience of analysis of biological material. The quality assurance routines look different at different laboratories. Quality assurance is also provided through participation in the international test comparison Quasimeme. For details, we refer to the instructions of each laboratory. |
According to Commission Decision 98/536 / EC, each EU country has a National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for the control of marine algal toxins and one for viral and bacterial contamination of bivalve molluscs, and the National Food Administration is the NRL for both areas of responsibility.
Important tasks for the NRL are to support the laboratories that participate in public control, with expertise in new analysis technology and sampling, and to contribute to the laboratories using approved analysis methods and that these are performed with sufficient accuracy.
All analyzes of E. coli and algal toxins in mussels and oysters as well as poison-producing phytoplankton in seawater are performed by laboratories contracted by the National Food Administration. One of the requirements for being contracted is that the laboratories are Swedac-accredited in accordance with ISO 17025. |
Insamling utförs av förordnade provtagare. Kemiska analyser utförs vid laboratorier som är Swedac-ackrediterade enligt ISO 17025. Provtagning och de analysmetoder som används ska uppfylla de krav som ställs i EU-kommissionens förordning om provtagnings- och analysmetoder för offentlig kontroll av halter av dioxiner, dioxinlika PCB:er och icke-dioxinlika PCB:er i vissa livsmedel (EU nr 2017/644).
För övervakning av fisk och skaldjur i Östersjön och Nordsjön, se farliga ämnen i biota
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Data management |
The data are compiled from different databases of different institutions. The compilation and collection of data are coordinated by the Marine Environment Department of the Ministry of the Environment. |
Data are yearly reported to the national environmental monitoring database KESE (by 1 March), ICES (HELCOM Combine) and Eionet. |
The data collected during the monitoring and reports are submitted to the Veterinary and Food Board. The data are also stored at the Ministry of Rural Affairs (Chemical and Biological Food Safety Bureau) (the processed data are available). |
Duomenys kaupiami Valstybinėje maisto ir veterinarijos tarnyboje https://vmvt.lt/?language=en.
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Data holder is Latvian Food and Veterinary Service (FVS)
Data are available in FVS and in Institute of of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR". |
Raw and processed data are stored in a dedicated database of the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection |
Raw and processed data are stored in a dedicated database of the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection |
Analysis data for metals and organic environmental toxins in marine biota from the national monitoring are stored at the Swedish Geological Survey, SGU, which is the national data host for hazardous substances. Data will be available via a WMS service and can be downloaded free of charge. Data collected up to 2014 can be downloaded from IVL's database for hazardous substances. Data from the national monitoring are also reported to ICES. |
The most recently published annual report on the control programme for bivalve molluscs was published by the National Food Agency in 2014, and can be downloaded on their website. The National Food Agency is currently investigating how to make their data publically available. |
Data finns lagrade hos Livsmedelsverket och även hos europeiska livsmedelssäkerhetsmyndigheten EFSA, men är inte tillgängliga via internet. Data rapporteras årligen till EFSA i enlighet med ett standardiserat rapporteringsformat med provbeskrivning, Standard Sample Description. Livsmedelsverket publicerar nationella rapporter där bearbetade data presenteras.
För övervakning av fisk och skaldjur i Östersjön och Nordsjön, se farliga ämnen i biota
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Data access |
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Related indicator/name |
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Contact |
Cekan@mst.dk |
Estonian Environment Agency: Anastasiia Kovtun-Kante, anastasiia.kovtun-kante@envir.ee; Arthur Kivi, arthur.kivi@envir.ee |
Ministry of Rural Affairs (Chemical and Biological Food Safety Bureau): Maia Radin: Maia.Radin@agri.ee |
Latvian Food and Veterinary Service:
Institute of of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR": |
miljoovervakning@havochvatten.se |
miljoovervakning@havochvatten.se |
miljoovervakning@havochvatten.se |
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References |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |
The monitoring programme is approved by the minister of the environment and available at https://www.envir.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/merekeskkonna-kaitse/merestrateegia (https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/mereala_seireprogramm_2021_2026.pdf) (in Estonian). |